2015年南京师范大学考博英语真题--阅读理解篇(原文,无问题,无答案版)

（注：文档内容是考生回忆版的阅读理解原文，不含问题及答案，大家可根据内容自行搜索，做相关的题，检验阅读效果）Passage 1The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurnishing old er building. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the whol e scal e in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation (更新). A few trial efforts, such as Ghirard elli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial feasibility in the 1960's, but it was in the 1970's, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid d epreciation (贬值) , as well as growing interest in ecol ogy (生态) issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, d esigned in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately nearby, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine ol d buil dings und er the d esign l ead ership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provid ed a marvel ous setting for dining, shopping, professional office, and simply walking.Butler Square, in Minneapolis, serves as an example of major changes in its compl ex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile d esigned in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the buil ding was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and ad ding large skylights.San Antonio, Texas, offers a big object l esson for numerous other cities combating urban d ecay. Rather than bringing in the bull d ozers ( 推土机) , San Antonio's l ead ers rehabilitated existing structures, whil e simultaneously cl eaning up the San Antonio River, which runs through the business district.Passage 2For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we d o there largely d etermines our standard of living and to a consid erabl e extent the status we are accord ed by our fell ow citizens as Well. It is sometimes said that because l eisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner; that because work is intol erabl e, the peopl e who d o it shoul d compensate for its bored oms and frustrations by concentrating their hopes on the other part of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of d espair. For the foreseeabl e future the material and psychol ogical rewards which work can provid e will continue to play a. vital part in d etermining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is d one; only for a small minority d oes work offer scope for creativity, imagination, orinitiative.Inequality at work and in work still is one of the cruel est and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We can not hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the inequality at work. Still l ess can we hope to create a d ecent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and all ow them to d evel op their abilities. They are abl e to exercise responsibility; they have a consid erabl e d egree of control over their own and the others' working lives. Most important of all, they have the opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, work is a boring, monotonous, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which woul d be regard ed as intol erabl e for themselves by those who take the d ecisions which l et such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provid es them with no opportunity for personal d evelopment. Often production is so d esigned that workers are simpl e part of the technol ogy. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownershipPassage 3You may think that light pollution isn’t something extraordinarily important. You may believe that every other type of pollution has a larger impact on the environment than light pollution d oes. You may not even have heard of it before. It may not be polluting our lake s, our air or the Earth’s living creatures, but light pollution is serious, and it needs to be ad dressed by everyone.Light pollution, or “sky gl ow”, is the gl ow you can see at night above cities and towns. Light pollution is a problem that has been accompanying man ever since he started his first fire some 15,000 years ago, and technol ogy has only mad e it worse. Light pollution is the stray light that comes from streetlights, billboard signs, buil dings, parking l ots, sports arenas and any other source of illumination that is refl ected or directed into the atmosphere. Light pollution is mad e worse with air pollution, as the small particles that fl oat in the air serve to scatter and refl ect the light, compounding the problem. The effect of light pollution is to reduce the contrast, and therefore the visibility of dimmer objects in the night sky, which affects professional, as well as amateur astronomers. Light pollution has obscured our view of constellations, meteor showers, and even the planets.Light pollution exists on every continent except Antarctica. Urban light pollution means that one-fifth of the world’s population can no l onger see the Milky Way with the naked eye. Many city kids, even if they did peer through the orange smog above their heads, woul d probably see only a handful of stars. We have l ost our view of the stars, and we have mucked up our nighttime environment as well. Astronomers are calling for the dark places on Earth to bepreserved as national parks, so that we d o not l ose compl etely our wind ow on the Universe.Light pollution impacts astronomical research and can even affect human health. The excess illumination also affects wil dlife in various ways from altering migration routes to eating habits and breeding behavior, to name a few.Lots of peopl e find the ever-brightening night annoying, and animals that are programmed to prefer the dark may avoid brightened habitat. Sea turtles can get l ost searching for a beach to lay eggs, and their hatchlings may confuse over-lit beachfront resorts for the ocean horizon, wasting precious energy need ed to find the sea and escape predators. Because their necks aren’t yet l ong enough to see things far away, baby turtles rely on the mirror image of the moon to guid e them to the sea, to begin their new life. A car may even hit a particular turtle, which was thinking the light from a nearby city was moonlight refl ecting off the ocean waves. Birds that live in and around cities can die because of sky gl ow, too. The abundance of bright lights can blind them, l eading to countl ess collisions with buil dings, billboards and other tall structures.These are merely a few of the possibl e negative effects light pollution has on our world. A very serious issue in our mod ern-day society is that light pollution is a terribl e waste of energy.Reducing light pollution is not difficult. Light pollution is the easiest type of pollution to end. On an individual l evel, peopl e can help reduce much sky gl ow by using lighting only when necessary and by choosing well shield ed lighting fixtures. The stars above us are a pricel ess heritage—not only for astronomers but for all humans. More of our chil dren shoul d be abl e to l ook up at night and see that the Milky Way is not just a candy bar.参考译文：或许你觉得光污染不是什么了不得的大事。