考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3.doc

考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension

We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “ beyond dispute”. We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the “place” appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each is special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved. “ To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编39(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编39(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary

Structure and V ocabulary

1．As its______grew, funds began to accumulate and the union got more and more powerful.

A．recruit

B．size

C．membership

D．expansion

正确答案：C

解析：membership n.会员数；全体会员(如：The membership of the club is now 500．The society has a large membership．)。recruit n．新兵，新成员。size n.大小，尺寸，尺码。expansion n．扩大，扩充；扩张，膨胀。

2．Little boys seem to enjoy______ train sets more than little girls.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)

A．capture

B．departure

C．fixture

D．miniature

正确答案：D

解析：本题是说，小男孩看上去比小女孩更喜欢小型的火车装置。D项“miniature缩小的”符合题意。其他三项“capture捕获；departure出发；fixture 固定设备”都不正确。

3．Concerned people want to______ the risk of developing cancer.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)

考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3.doc

考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编3

(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)

The United Nations Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7 billion people. For better and worse, it's a milestone. And there will be more milestones ahead. Fourteen years from now, there are expected to be 8 billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the world's poorer countries. Proportionally, Europe's population will decline, while Africa's will increase. At around the same time, India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth. The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World Health Organization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people — about half the world's population — are malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a large proportion, of the world's people been malnourished. And in a growing number of countries there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, and population aging. As a result of declining fertility and increasing longevity, the populations of more and more countries are aging raging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over will be visible, whereas the number of children(persons under age 15)will decline slightly. Population aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure. The latest national census in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped to more than 13. 3 percent of the population, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on the percentage from the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the country's population will be over 65 by 2050, according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission. The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government needs to tackle, we can't rely on the ever-increasing population to support them or maintain the nation's economic growth. Better solutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect the greater longevity and working capability of today's older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are more accessible. It was heartening to hear the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security spokesperson announced in Beijing on Tuesday that the government will take retirement policy seriously and proactively. Shanghai began testing a flexible retirement system last October. Eligible employees in the private sector are allowed to postpone retirement until the age of 65 for men and 60 for women. Public servants, however, will continue to retire under the present system age 60 for men and 55 for women.（分数：10.00）

考博英语历年真题试卷

《考博英语历年真题试卷》

As an aspiring doctoral student, the journey to obtaining a PhD is a challenging and rigorous one. One of the major milestones in this journey is the examination process, and the English language proficiency test is a crucial component of this process. The "考博英语历年真题试卷" (Doctoral English Language Proficiency Test Past Papers) is an invaluable resource for students preparing for this exam. The past papers provide a comprehensive overview of the types of questions that may be asked in the exam, as well as the format and structure of the test. By studying these papers, students can gain a better understanding of the exam's requirements and expectations, and can tailor their preparation accordingly. Furthermore, the past papers also serve as a valuable practice tool for students. By attempting the questions in the papers, students can assess their current level of English proficiency and identify areas for improvement. This allows them to focus their efforts on areas where they may be weaker, and to develop strategies for tackling different types of questions.

年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案

年全国医学博⼠英语统考真题及参考答案

2010年全国医学博⼠外语统⼀考试

英语试卷

答题须知

1.请考⽣⾸先将⾃⼰的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上

认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。

2.试卷⼀（paper one）和试卷⼆（paper two）答案都做在标准答题

卡上，书⾯表达⼀定要⽤⿊⾊签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷⼀答题答题时必须使⽤2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位

置涂⿊；如要更正，先⽤橡⽪擦⼲净。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整⼲净，以利评分。

5.听⼒考试只放⼀遍录⾳，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

Paper One

Part I Listening comprehension(30%)

Section A

Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will

be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked

A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary

Structure and V ocabulary

1．Our manager is so______ in his thinking, he never listens to new ideas.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)

A．stiff

B．rigid

C．tense

D．tight

正确答案：B

解析：四个选项的意思分别是stiff僵硬的，不灵活的；rigid<人>[在……方面]固执的，顽固的；tense拉紧的，绷紧的：tight严厉的，吝啬的。句意是，我们经理对自己的想法非常固执，从来听不见新的想法。根据句意推出正确答案是B选项。

2．America has now adopted more ______ European-style inspection systems, and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.(2014年厦门大学考博试题) A．discrete

B．solemn

C．rigorous

D．autonomous

正确答案：C

解析：句意为：现在美国已经采用了更加严密的欧式检测系统，食物中毒发生率正在下降。根据句意，只有C项rigorous“严密的，严格的”符合句意，故选C项。A项意为“分离的”；B项意为“庄严的”；D项意为“自治的”，均不符合句意。

3．She has______ideas about becoming a famous actress.

博士英语试题

Section A: Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this section, there are several passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Passage 1

There is a growing interest in learning English around the world, and more and more people are considering taking English language exams, such as the TOEFL or IELTS. These exams are widely recognized and accepted by universities and employers as proof of English language proficiency.

The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is primarily used for university admissions. It measures the ability to understand and use English at the university level.

托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)

托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension

Sections Three：Reading Comprehension

Dinosaurs and Parental CareP1: “Parental care” refers to the level of investment provided by a mother and father to insure the development and survival of their offspring. The question of whether or not dinosaurs cared for their young has puzzled scientists for decades. A remarkable Oviraptor fossil shows the dinosaur sitting on its nest of eggs just as chickens do today. Not only is the dinosaur squatting on the nest, but its forelimbs are outstretched, perhaps to shade the eggs. Because behaviors are not preserved in the fossil record, we can only make inferences from indirect evidence. Most of our evidence comes from alleged dinosaur rookeries (places where nests are built). Several have been excavated in eastern Montana, where a dense concentration of dinosaur nests was found at a place now called Egg Mountain, most of which probably belonged to the hadrosaur Maiasaura. Preserved in these nests are the bones of baby dinosaurs. The finds at Egg Mountain and other sites around the world document that dinosaurs laid their eggs in nests.P2: The nests at Egg Mountain are reported to be equally spaced, separated by a space corresponding to the length of an adult Maiasaura. From this arrangement scientists have inferred that the nests were separated in this way to allow incubation in a tightly packed nesting colony. Although this interpretation is disputable, the discovery of Oviraptor adults on top of egg clutches (as determined by embryos in some eggs) is relatively powerful evidence that at least these dinosaurs incubated their eggs.P3: Evidence for parental care following hatching is much more controversial. The truth is probably biased by behavioral speculation based on indirect fossil evidence because the data is not always as unambiguous as might appear. At Egg Mountain, many nests contain baby dinosaur bones. Not all the dinosaurs in the nest are the same size, and the preserved partial skeleton was so small that its bones were originally mistaken for those of a fossilized crocodile. Besides, many of those small bones belong to jaws and teeth—teeth that show signs of wear. It seems reasonable to assume that the wear was caused by chewing the coarse plants that formed the hatchlings’diet. During childhood, the young would never step outside the nest, so it seems reasonable to assume that all the food they consumed must have been brought to the rookery by foraging adults. This line of reasoning suggests that these animals had an advanced system of parental care, but a closer look at the evidence clouds this interpretation. Analysis of dinosaur embryos indicates that worn surfaces are present on the teeth of juveniles even before hatching. Just as a human baby moves inside the mother before birth, archosaurs also ground their teeth before birth, wearing the surface in some spots. Thus, the fossil evidence for an advanced parental care system in extinct dinosaurs is suggestive but inconclusive.P4: In order to settle this debate for good, much research has been conducted regarding whether extinct dinosaurs had independently evolved parenting

博士学位英语考试真题及答案

题目1：

Which of the following statements is true about academic writing?

A. It often uses informal language.

B. It avoids using citations from other sources.

C. It emphasizes clarity and precision.

D. It does not require careful planning.

答案：C

题目2：

The main purpose of a research paper is to ____.

A. entertain the reader

B. persuade the reader

C. present new ideas or findings

D. describe personal experiences

答案：C

题目3：

In academic writing, a citation is used to ____.

A. add humor to the text

B. support an argument with evidence

C. increase the word count

D. make the text more creative

答案：B

题目4：

When writing an abstract for a research paper, it is important to ____.

博士考试试题及答案英语

PhD Exam Questions and Answers: English

Introduction:

For individuals pursuing a doctoral degree, the PhD exam is a critical milestone that tests their knowledge and competency in their chosen field. In this article, we will explore selected PhD exam questions and provide comprehensive answers in English. The questions cover a range of topics and aim to assess the candidate's understanding and analytical skills.

Question 1:

Discuss the impact of technology on global communication.

Answer 1:

Technology has revolutionized global communication, breaking down barriers and creating new opportunities. The widespread availability of the internet and social media platforms has enabled instantaneous connection across continents. This has facilitated the exchange of information and ideas, fostering collaboration and innovation on a global scale. Additionally, technology has made communication more accessible and affordable, bridging the gap between individuals and cultures. However, there are challenges, such as language barriers and the digital divide, that need to be addressed to ensure equal access to communication technologies worldwide.

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary

Structure and V ocabulary

1．______is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.

A．Compete

B．Competition

C．Competitive

D．Competence

正确答案：B

解析：competition n.竞争；比赛。

2．Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most______ areas in Japanese life.

A．sophisticated

B．competitive

C．considerate

D．superficial

正确答案：B

解析：competitive a.竞赛的，竞争的；(人)好竞争的；(价格)有竞争力的(如：competitive games；Important posts are filled by competitive examinations．Our firm offers you competitive prices．He is a competitive young man and has competitive spirit．)。sophisticated a.(人)老练的，富有经验的：(机器、武器等)精密的，尖端的。considerate(of／to)a.考虑周到的，体贴人的。superficial a.肤浅的，浅薄的：表面的。

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考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷29(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷29(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension

We’ve all heard about whalewatching from boats or shore, and a few companies are now offering the possibility of actually swimming and snorkeling with whales in the wild. Is this a good thing? Some whalewatching operators in the Kingdom of Tonga, South Pacific islands, advertise the possibility of swimming and snorkeling with humpback whales during the cetacean’s annual migration from July to October. This activity sounds appealing, yet there are a number of things to consider. To drop clients off within snorkeling distance of a whale, the swim boats must come closer than the 30 meters laid down in Tongan government guidelines in 1997. Engine noise from a maneuvering boat can startle a whale, and repeated disturbances can lead to the animals changing their behaviour and even abandoning their traditional habitat. The nursing and resting routines of the pods can be disrupted, potentially threatening the health of the whales. This high-risk activity is not covered by most travel insurance policies. The humpback whales of Tonga are wild animals with powerful fins, and swimming near one always involves some risk. The movements of these huge creatures can be fatal to a human swimmer, either accidentally or if the beast feels threatened, and a nursing mother with calf can be especially unpredictable. Swimming into the path of a whale greatly increases the danger. In Tonga, sharks are known to frequent areas where there are whales, especially calves, and at least one shark attack on a Tongan guide swimming with whales has been recorded. A tragic accident involving tourists seems to be only a matter of time. Most whale encounters occur in deep waters where unperceived currents and wave action can soon tire a snorkeler and possibly lead to panic. For these reasons, responsible whalewatching companies like http://www. whalediscoveries. com do not offer snorkeling with whales. Of course, the demand is there, and pressure has come to bear on the Tongan Government to revise its guidelines to allow boats to come within 10 meters of a whale. Several new whalewatching licenses have been issued recently, raising the number of commercial operators in this small area to about a dozen, and vessels often have to queue to drop off swimmers. Cases have been observed of boats approaching to within five meters of whale pods, and of mother humpbacks and calves being pursued out to sea. Visitors should be aware that by purchasing such an excursion, they could be adversely affecting the noble creatures they came to see. It’s a good idea to discuss these matters with the operator before booking your trip, and to avoid those who seem most interested in maximizing their own profits at the expense of the whales. Even if you decide to book such a tour, be aware that only 10 percent of swim with attempts are successful and there are no refunds. These concerns only apply to attempts to actually swim with whales, and whalewatching from a boat at a safe distance is no problem. (493 words)

考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Cloze

Cloze

（中国矿业大学2010年试题）More than 600 million girls live in poverty in the developing world. Many of them are【1】in school and are not given the same opportunities【2】boys. New programs are aimed【3】helping girls and their families succeed. The unequal treatment of【4】is a big problem in many parts of the globe. But a new campaign hopes to show that girls can be the solution【5】ending poverty, disease and other global issues. It’s called the “girl effect. “According to the girl effect theory, one girl can make a positive change in the world, as【6】as she’s given a chance to succeed. An extra year of secondary school can boost a girl’s earnings【7】as much as 25%. If the 600 million girls in the developing world who live in poverty increased their earnings,【8】could lift the world economy. Studies show that women are【9】likely than men to spend their paychecks【10】their families. With women working, children are more likely to stay in school, be better fed and be healthier.

考博英语阅读资料10篇附答案

考博英语阅读资料

Unit One

Passage 1

The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage.Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail-

way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid deliveryis essential, air freight may be used.

Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption ofgoods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories buildup, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retailstores.

北京师范大学考博英语历年真题及详解专业课考试试题

keep the canoe upright in stormy seas. To further enhance the canoe’s stability, they filled the hull with water and heated it to boiling by dropping in hot stones. This rendered the wood temporarily flexible, so the sides of the hull could be forced apart and held with sturdy wooden thwarts, which served as both cross braces and seats. The canoes were often painted with elaborate designs of cultural significance to the tribe.
3.B 语义判断题。第三段第三句提到“In their swift and staunch canoes”，此处staunch和swift都用于形容独木舟的特征，第二段介绍独木舟的制作方法时强调了独木舟的结实，浏览四个选项，B项strong（结实的）符合原文意思，故B项正确。其余三项均不符合文章意思。
5.C 推理判断题。文章最后一段第一句提到“...neighboring tribes were willing to exchange quantities of hides, meats, and oils for a Haida canoe.”，由此可知，周围的部落都愿意用许多兽皮、肉和油来交换海达独木舟，因此海达人的独木舟对当地经济起着重要作用。故C项正确。