英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

简单句的五个基本句型

❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.

❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.

❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语

❖She is happy．

❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

❖She gave John a book．

❖She bought a book for me.

❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语

❖She makes her mother angry．

❖The teacher asked me to read the passage.

❖（There +be There lies a book on the desk.

主谓宾

❖名／代－－动词－－名／代

❖we-- saw --you.

❖we-- did --the work.

❖主系表

❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词

❖you are beautiful

❖you seems worried.

❖you are a stufent.

❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语

2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：

❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。

❖如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。

❖如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

❖如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。

❖如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

❖如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

❖有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：

Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

如：He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

❖如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) /

❖He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) /

❖The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。

❖如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)

1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （名词）

He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe.（不定式）

What he needs is a book.（主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.

(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词

①I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

②The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

③Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词）

You don’t look it. （代词）

Five and five is ten. （数词）

He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in. （副词）

The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

常见连系动词

❖“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。