国际商务英语函电CHAPTER9PackingMarking
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外贸函电重做unit9
Unit 9
2007.11
Business Correspondence
Business Correspondence
Unit 9
Packing & Marking
Marks
Shipping mark Indicative mark Warning mark
Business Correspondence
Unit 9
Packing & Marking
Shipping mark
Business Correspondence
Unit 9
Packing & Marking
Two types of packing Outer Packing: used for the convenience of protecting and transporting goods. Inner Packing: designed for the promotion of sales.
Unit 9
Packing & Marking
包装与唛头
Business Correspondence
Unit 9
Packing & Marking
Objectives
Know the basic methods of parking anortance of parking goods study letters to talk about packing of commodity
LTC SC46552 LONDON No.1/100
LC552637 TRIPOLI (LIBYA) CTN/NO.1-100 ARATRACO
Business Correspondence
外贸函电Unit9Packing
合宾语
Letter 1
Buyer’s Reaction to Packing
4.hold / make oneself responsible for sth. e.g. Your must hold yourself fully
responsible for the loss caused by the fire. 5.on account of sth. 由于，因为 e.g. We are not in a position to effect shipment on time on account of the late arrival of the credit, for which you should hold yourselves responsible.
❖ 5)在目的港名称下方或最后一个港口的同一行是货物编 号，通常由件号批号两部分组成，往往可用1—50号来表 示，从这里我们可知这是总数50中的第一件。
❖ 另ISO建设的标准唛头应为四行，每行不超过17个字母 （包括数字和符号），不采用几何图形。如：
❖ SGL 收货人缩写
❖ 88/s/c179345 合同号码
Letter 3
Packing Requirements (2)
3.a duplicate copy 副本 4.anti-freeze agent 5. the driver’s cab
Letter 4
Requirements for来自Packing and Marking(1)
1.go through 仔细查阅、研究 2.beforehand=in advance 预先，有准
备的，较早
3.caption 标题、题目
❖the captioned goods ❖the captioned order
Letter 1
Buyer’s Reaction to Packing
4.hold / make oneself responsible for sth. e.g. Your must hold yourself fully
responsible for the loss caused by the fire. 5.on account of sth. 由于，因为 e.g. We are not in a position to effect shipment on time on account of the late arrival of the credit, for which you should hold yourselves responsible.
❖ 5)在目的港名称下方或最后一个港口的同一行是货物编 号，通常由件号批号两部分组成，往往可用1—50号来表 示，从这里我们可知这是总数50中的第一件。
❖ 另ISO建设的标准唛头应为四行，每行不超过17个字母 （包括数字和符号），不采用几何图形。如：
❖ SGL 收货人缩写
❖ 88/s/c179345 合同号码
Letter 3
Packing Requirements (2)
3.a duplicate copy 副本 4.anti-freeze agent 5. the driver’s cab
Letter 4
Requirements for来自Packing and Marking(1)
1.go through 仔细查阅、研究 2.beforehand=in advance 预先，有准
备的，较早
3.caption 标题、题目
❖the captioned goods ❖the captioned order
外贸英文函电第九章
• 1989年，科威特每天出口150万桶石油。
• drum [drʌm] 铁桶
• cylinder ['silində] 钢桶
• can
罐
• tin
听
• bottle
瓶
编辑ppt
8
2. Antwerp [ˈæntwə:p]
n. 安特卫普（港市名称，位于比利 时北部）
编辑ppt
9
3. comment ['kɒment]
moisture as those packed in wooden cases.
• 3. 这些纸箱铺有塑料衬里,防潮性能良
好。事实上,这些箱子是纸板做成的,在装
卸和贮存过程中能引起特别的注意。因
此,衬衫装在这样的纸箱内不像那些装在
木箱内的货物容易被潮湿所编辑p侵pt 蚀。
24
• 4. Since cartons are comparatively light and compact, they are more convenient to handle in loading and unloading. Besides, they are not likely to be mixed with wooden cases while in transport or storage, so that the rate of breakage is lower than that of wooden cases.
• 如蒙在货物一到达你处时就告知我们包 装情况,我们将不胜感激。
编辑ppt
20
• In regard to packing the goods in question in cartons, we wish to give you our comments as follows:
• drum [drʌm] 铁桶
• cylinder ['silində] 钢桶
• can
罐
• tin
听
• bottle
瓶
编辑ppt
8
2. Antwerp [ˈæntwə:p]
n. 安特卫普（港市名称，位于比利 时北部）
编辑ppt
9
3. comment ['kɒment]
moisture as those packed in wooden cases.
• 3. 这些纸箱铺有塑料衬里,防潮性能良
好。事实上,这些箱子是纸板做成的,在装
卸和贮存过程中能引起特别的注意。因
此,衬衫装在这样的纸箱内不像那些装在
木箱内的货物容易被潮湿所编辑p侵pt 蚀。
24
• 4. Since cartons are comparatively light and compact, they are more convenient to handle in loading and unloading. Besides, they are not likely to be mixed with wooden cases while in transport or storage, so that the rate of breakage is lower than that of wooden cases.
• 如蒙在货物一到达你处时就告知我们包 装情况,我们将不胜感激。
编辑ppt
20
• In regard to packing the goods in question in cartons, we wish to give you our comments as follows:
外贸英语函电 Chapter 9 Packing
Keys to exercise IV on page 178
Please mark our company name in a rectangle and the quantity and destination below the rectangle. On the master carton, please mark the shipping marks and the warning marks as “This Side Upright”, “ “ ” “Handle with Care” ” etc. As for the packing and shipping mark, we will act in exact accordance with your requirement.
Letter F
Guangzhou Spring Fair: 广州春交会 Moisture absorbent: 吸水 kraft paper bags：牛皮纸袋 lined with：用…衬垫
Keys to exercise IV on page 178
This is to confirm your letter dated June 1st. We usually pack the shirts in strong carton which is suitable for sea transport. Each carton is that is 60cm long, 38cm wide and 10cm high. The volume is 0.018 cubic meter. Gross weight 18 kilogram, net weight 17 kilogram and tare weight 1 kilogram per carton. Please mark on the outer packing the gross weight, net weight, tare weight and the country of origin.
商务函电 Chapter 9 - Packing and Marking详解
2018/10/14
7
Different Types of Packing
3. 常用包装 1.箱(case)，纸箱(carton)，木箱(wooden case),板条箱 (crate),箱子(chest),小箱(casket),集装箱(container) 2.塑料袋(plastic bag), 纸袋(paper bag), 麻袋（gunny bag）, 布袋（sack, cloth bag）, 牛皮纸袋（kraft paper bag） 3. 桶(cask), 圆桶(drum), 铁桶（iron drum）, 塑料桶 （plastic drum）, 木桶（wooden cask） 4. 捆（bundle）, 包（bale）, 盒(box), 篓(basket), 托盘(pallet), 包裹(packet)
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Model Letter 2
1. Pack v. Packing n. Package n. E.g. The packing must be seaworthy. Upon examination, it was found that 10% of the packages were broken. ____ affects the reputation of our products. ____ charge is about 3% of the total cost of the goods. Your opinion on ____ will be passed on to the manufacturer. The ____ carries no written message.
Introduction to Packing
Unit 9 Packing
Unit 9 PackingPart TwoFor letters informing packing requirements1. Expressing the purpose of the letter, i.e. offering packing requirementsWith reference to the packing of our order No.168 for...关于我方第168号有关……货物的包装问题……We are very pleased to advise you of the packing method of...我们很高兴告诉你们商品的包装方式问题……We are now referring to the packing of...我们现在告知关于……的包装问题｡We are writing to you in regard to the packing of…兹去函告知关于……的包装问题2. Specifying the packing requirementsThe packing clause is as follows: 包装条款如下:Packing: ... 包装材料和方式为: ……The Shipping marks should be... 运输标志应为……We would like you to have the goods packed in...我们希望贵方能采用以下的包装方式……3. Indicating your expectation and desireIt would be highly appreciated if you let us know your opinions on the packing requirements.如能告知你们对此包装要求的意见的话,我们不胜感激｡Kindly inform us your ideas about the above mentioned issue of packing.请把贵方对上述包装事宜的看法知会我们｡We hope that you will find the packing arrangement to your convenience and satisfaction.我们希望这一包装安排让你们感到方便和满意｡Please tell us whether the packing requirements could be met.请告诉我们此包装要求能否达到要求｡For letters in reply to the packing requirements1. Expressing your thanks for the coming letterSee other units for the similar expressions.2. Indicating your decision: do or do not accept the packing requirementsWe are ready to accept your packing requirements.我们打算接受贵方的包装要求｡We feel regretful to inform you that... 遗憾地告诉贵方……Thanks for your packing guidance, but regret our inability to meet your request of the special packing material.谢谢贵方的包装指示,不过遗憾的是我们没有能力满足贵方对使用这种特殊包装材料的要求｡We prefer packing the goods in... to packing them in...我们宁愿选择……而不是……来包装货物｡3. Expressing your new suggestions or solutionsIn order to … we would like to offer our suggestion on packing as follows.为了……我们提出以下的包装建议。
Chapter 9 Packing, shipping Marks and shipment
Introduction：
Packing protects products and adds value to them.
1.Outer Packing 外包装，运输包装，大包装;
2.Inner Packing内包装，销售包装; Immediate Packing直接包装; Small Packing小包装; Packing for Display 陈列包装
Shipping marks consist of:
1) Consignor’s or consignee’s code name 2) Reference No.
3) The port of destination目的港
4) Numbers of the packed goods包装货的数量 and sometimes weight and dimensions.
Be packed+
in boxes of 10 dozen each in boxes, each containing 50 dozen to a box in a box and 12 boxes to a case to a box and 12 boxes to a case
Warning marks Dangerous goods 危险物 品 Inflammable易燃的 Explosive易爆的 Poison有毒物品
请勿踩踏 Do not please tread.
UN Transport symbols
爆炸品 explosives
不燃气体 non-inflammable gases
易燃气体或易燃液体 inflammable gases or liquids
外贸函电unit9
Letter of Shipment
Shipping advice: it is often sent by air letter, fax or e-mail. It should include: Contract and / or L/C number Name of commodity Number of packages Total quantity shipped Name of the vessel Sailing date of the vessel (ETD, ETA) Total value of the shipment Gross weight and net weight
Introduction --- Packing
Forms of marking: a. shipping marks: 运输标志 (a) symbol --- triangle, rhombus, rectangle, etc. (b) code or initials of the consignor or consignee (c) port of destination (d) package number e.g. STC SHANGHAI NO. 1 – 15
Letter of Shipment
Urging for Shipment: (1) Reference documents including their
number and date; (2) Ask for their attention to the time limit and the consequence of delay; (3) Requirement for the shipment in time; (4) Thanks for their cooperation.
国际商务英语函电
2. Types of packing
1) outer packing also known as transport packing, is done mainly to keep the goods safe and sound during transportation. 2) inner packing also known as small packing or sales packing, is done mainly to push sales. It can be realized in various forms and with different materials as long as it is nice to look at, easy to handle and helpful to the sales.
Sales Function Promotional Function
2. Secondary Functions
Service Function Guarantee Function
3 Tertiary Functions
1) Additional Function Particularly relate to the extent to which the packaging materials or packaging containers may be reused once the package contents have been used. The most significant example is the recycling of paper, paperboard and cardboard packaging as waste paper.
国际商务英语unit 9 packing
国际商务英语unit 9 packing在国际商务中，包装是非常重要的环节，它不仅可以保护商品，还可以影响消费者的购买决策。
在Unit 9 packing中，我们可以学习到以下内容：- Letter 1：ready-made（现成的）、indemnification（赔偿）、seaworthy（适合海上运输的）、tacit（心照不宣的）、on account of（因为）、candid（直率的）。
- Letter 2：We are now writing to you in regard to the packing of these nails, which we feel necessary to clarify for our future dealings.（我们现在写信给你是关于这些钉子的包装问题，我们认为有必要澄清一下，以便我们以后的交易。
）- Letter 3：Accessories（附件）、packing list（装箱单）、Sulphuric Acid（硫酸）。
- Letter 4：Eliminate（排除，剔除）、Captioned（标题的）、The tea under the captioned contract should be packed in international standard tin boxes, 24 boxes to a pallet, 10 pallets in an FCL container.（标题项下的茶叶应该包装在国际标准锡盒中，每托盘24盒，10个托盘装一个整箱。
）- Letter 5： Fortnight（两周）、be liable for（对...负责）、The goods should be packed in sea-worthy cases suitable for a long voyage and well protected against dampness, shock, and rough handling.（货物应该包装在适合长途运输的、防潮、防震和耐粗放处理的海运箱中。
世纪商务英语-外贸函电unit 9 Packing
a packing list to confirm the detailed information of the shipment of cargo exported. From the packing list, the buyer and the carrier can determine in how many packages the whole lot is packed and the particular items in each package. We can also regard a packing list as a more specific version of a commercial invoice without price information.
2020/6/27
Part One
2. The Indispensable Contents Required in a Packing Clause A packing clause is an integral part of a sales contract or a Letter of Credit.
入…… 18. pack each... in... and... to... 每件……商品用……包装,若干件该商品装
入……容器 19. Please mark the case with... 请在箱子上刷上……的标记｡ 20. withstand rough handling 经得起粗暴装卸
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Part Three
Typical Sentences (1) 1. Chinese chestnuts are packed in gunny bags. 2. Folding chairs are packed four pieces to a carton. 3. Please pack the vases a dozen to a wooden case and 100 to a FCL container. 4. Each T-shirt is packed in a polybag and 10 dozen to a box. 5. Please see to it that the packing is strong enough to withstand rough handling. 6. The export cartons lined with plastic sheets are proof against moisture and
2020/6/27
Part One
2. The Indispensable Contents Required in a Packing Clause A packing clause is an integral part of a sales contract or a Letter of Credit.
入…… 18. pack each... in... and... to... 每件……商品用……包装,若干件该商品装
入……容器 19. Please mark the case with... 请在箱子上刷上……的标记｡ 20. withstand rough handling 经得起粗暴装卸
2020/6/27
Part Three
Typical Sentences (1) 1. Chinese chestnuts are packed in gunny bags. 2. Folding chairs are packed four pieces to a carton. 3. Please pack the vases a dozen to a wooden case and 100 to a FCL container. 4. Each T-shirt is packed in a polybag and 10 dozen to a box. 5. Please see to it that the packing is strong enough to withstand rough handling. 6. The export cartons lined with plastic sheets are proof against moisture and
商务英语函电基础与实训-Chapter 9 Packing
Introduction
❖ Packing is an important factor in transportation and sales of goods in international trade. Appropriate packing helps attract customers, promote sales of products and avoi or reduce loss and disputes.
neutral packing 中性包装 improper packing 不当包装
poor packing 不良包装 faulty packing 不当包装，不良包装
package n. 包装 a package of towels 一包毛巾 Pleasse follow the instructiions on the package.
能够独立完成进出口 方之间包装方式商定 函的写作
key Points and Difficulties in This Unit:
key Points: Difficulties:
1.包装函常用的短语与句型。
2.商讨包装要求信函的基本写作思路
根据特定的交易背景拟写“包装条款 商定函”的实践动手能力
Para 2: Respond to the requirements. Solutions
Para 3: Show Expectations
Notes:
line vt. 加衬，衬里 Each carton is lined with a polythene sheet. 纸箱里均内衬一层塑料布。
each…in…and…to… 每件商品装某种容器，若干件装另一较大容器 Each shirt is packed in a polybag and 10 dozen to a carton. 一件衬衫装一个塑料袋，10打装一箱。
外贸英语函电(第六版,兰天编著)Chapter Nine
词组
in good repair／in good condition 状态完好
out of repair 已损坏 be under repair 在修理中
Letter Four 辨析: instructive 和instructional
instructive adj. 有益的；教育性的 instructional adj. 教学的；指导的，教育的
Chapter Nine Packing, Shipping Marks and Shipment
Letter One
辨析： pilferage, plunder, pillage 和 theft
pilferage n. 偷窃，小偷小摸
plunder （尤指战时用武力抢劫财物）n. 抢夺，掠夺品，赃 物，战利品； vt. 掠夺，抢劫
Letter Two 国际贸易业务术语 Marking of Goods 包装标志 When an order is received from abroad the exporter gets the goods ready for the shipment. It is most important for him to see that they are suitably packed. Associated with packing is the marking of goods. In marking and numbering packages it is essential that the mark or symbol and numbers conform in every respect to those written in the commercial invoice, the consular invoice, the bill of lading and the other shipping documents used.
(英语学习)外贸函电Unit9Packing
环保性差
散装包装通常采用塑料袋、 编织袋等一次性包装材料， 回收利用率较低，环保性较 差。
安全性差
散装包装形式简单，没有防 潮、防尘、防震等功能，无 法有效保护产品在运输和储 存过程中的安全和质量。
03 packing material
Paper product packaging
纸板
用于制作纸盒、纸箱等，具有轻 便、环保、可回收等优点，是常 见的包装材料之一。
03
• Strength: High compressive strength allows for heavier items to be shipped safely.
06
• Environmental Impact: Some wooden boxes are made from sustainable sources, but others may not be, leading to environmental concerns.
纸盒包装材料成本较低， 且可以大规模生产，因
此成本低廉。
纸盒包装可以进行折叠、 粘贴、印刷等加工，方
便快捷。
纸盒包装通常由纸质制 成，回收利用率较低，
环保性较差。
保护性能较弱
纸盒包装抗冲击和抗压 性能较弱，容易损坏。
Barrel packaging
容量大
木桶包装容量较大，适合大量货物的运输和 储存。
Signature
The signature of the writer, indicating their identity and authority.
02 Packaging type
Wooden box packaging
保护性强
世纪商务英语-外贸函电unit 9 Packing
When required by some nations and buyers, the packing list is attached to the outside of each container of the lot of goods in a waterproof envelope marked “Packing List” or “Packing List Enclosed” for check by authorities of both the exporter and importer countries. A packing list is often one of the required documents that the exporter should submit to the bank for negotiation under the payment method of L/C.
2020/12/13
Part Three
Typical Sentences (3) 15. To repack the goods in your required assortment will entail an additional
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Part Three
Expressions (1)
1. in FCL (Full Container Load) container 用整集装箱装运 2. waterproof and airtight 防水且不漏气的 3. seaworthy export packing 适于海运的出口包装 4. inner/sales packing 内包装 5. outer/transportation packing 外包装 6. green packing 绿色/环保包装 7. shipping mark 运输标志 8. indicative mark 指示性标志 9. warning mark 警告性标志 10. strong enough 足够坚固
2020/12/13
Part Three
Typical Sentences (3) 15. To repack the goods in your required assortment will entail an additional
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Part Three
Expressions (1)
1. in FCL (Full Container Load) container 用整集装箱装运 2. waterproof and airtight 防水且不漏气的 3. seaworthy export packing 适于海运的出口包装 4. inner/sales packing 内包装 5. outer/transportation packing 外包装 6. green packing 绿色/环保包装 7. shipping mark 运输标志 8. indicative mark 指示性标志 9. warning mark 警告性标志 10. strong enough 足够坚固
外贸英语函电Unit9-Packing
4. each… in… and… to… 每双袜子用塑料袋装，每200盒装一木箱
Each pair of socks is packed in a polybag and 12 pairs to a box.
每件衬衫用塑料袋装，每10打装一盒？
Each shirt is packed in a polybag and 10 dozen to a box.
radioactive substances
Case 2- shipping marks（p247）
Read the letter Draw out the marks according to
其他
Be lined with 内衬 waterproof/ craft paper Be strapped / secured /reinforced by…用…加固
Exercises
小麦用新麻袋包装，每袋装100公斤 钢笔12支装一盒，200盒装一木箱 折叠椅两把装入一个纸板箱 我方棉布须用木箱包装，内衬牛皮纸和防潮
Socks are packed 12 boxes to a box.
3. ...to …and … to… ; ...in …and … in… 袜子每12双装一盒，每200盒装一木箱
Socks are packed 12 pieces to a box and 200 boxes to a wooden case.
assemblage outer packing 集合包装
wooden case, crate, carton, iron drum , wooden cask gunny bag, cloth bag , plastic bag, can, paper bag, bundle, bale , carboy Basket, bottle, cylinder, demijohn
Each pair of socks is packed in a polybag and 12 pairs to a box.
每件衬衫用塑料袋装，每10打装一盒？
Each shirt is packed in a polybag and 10 dozen to a box.
radioactive substances
Case 2- shipping marks（p247）
Read the letter Draw out the marks according to
其他
Be lined with 内衬 waterproof/ craft paper Be strapped / secured /reinforced by…用…加固
Exercises
小麦用新麻袋包装，每袋装100公斤 钢笔12支装一盒，200盒装一木箱 折叠椅两把装入一个纸板箱 我方棉布须用木箱包装，内衬牛皮纸和防潮
Socks are packed 12 boxes to a box.
3. ...to …and … to… ; ...in …and … in… 袜子每12双装一盒，每200盒装一木箱
Socks are packed 12 pieces to a box and 200 boxes to a wooden case.
assemblage outer packing 集合包装
wooden case, crate, carton, iron drum , wooden cask gunny bag, cloth bag , plastic bag, can, paper bag, bundle, bale , carboy Basket, bottle, cylinder, demijohn
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3. Master typical sentences and expressions in writing the letters on packing.
Packing is of particular importance in international trade. It is one of the essential components of commodity production or the continuation of production. The ultimate purpose of packing is to keep the transported goods in perfect condition and prevent loss and leakage during transportation, and even raise their marketing value. Packing can be divided into two types: outer packing and inner packing. Outer packing, also known as transport packing, is done mainly to keep the goods safe and sound during transportation. The outer packing should be suited for long distance transportation and easy to load and unload. Inner packing, also known as small packing or sales packing, is done mainly to push sales. It can be realized in various forms and with different materials as long as it is nice to look at, easy to handle and helpful to the sales. The inner packing should be attractive，modern, easy to publicizing and raising the marketing value.
1) Sometimes, mention the Contract No.or Order No. to make sure the reader knows what the letter is about in the subject line, if any; 2) State clearly the letter you are replying to by specifying the exact date and sometimes the order number at the very beginning of the letter; 3) State clearly the purpose of your letter; 4) Present your packing requirements specifically and clearly, and sometimes explain why you have these requirements; 5) Express your expectations and thanks for your parner’s cooperation.
Lesson 22
Inner Packing & Labeling
Asking for L/C
About the letter
Inner packing, also known as small packing or sales packing, is done mainly to push sales. It can be realized in various forms and with different materials as long as it is nice to look at, easy to handle and helpful to the sales. The inner packing should be attractiveizing and raising the marketing value.
Chapter IX Packing & Marking
Asking for L/C
Objectives:
1. Learn the importance of proper packing and terms of packing in foreign sales contract;
2. Grasp the essential components of a letter about packing;
Letters about packing issues should be concise and clear. In such letters, The buyer can inform the seller of any formerly unexpected requirements about packing. The seller can describe in detail to the buyer his customary packing of the goods concerned and also indicate clearly that he may accept and required packing at the expense of the buyer. Any changes regarding packing stipulated in the contract should be mutually discussed before shipment. Usually a letter regarding the packing often consists of the following parts:
Packing is of particular importance in international trade. It is one of the essential components of commodity production or the continuation of production. The ultimate purpose of packing is to keep the transported goods in perfect condition and prevent loss and leakage during transportation, and even raise their marketing value. Packing can be divided into two types: outer packing and inner packing. Outer packing, also known as transport packing, is done mainly to keep the goods safe and sound during transportation. The outer packing should be suited for long distance transportation and easy to load and unload. Inner packing, also known as small packing or sales packing, is done mainly to push sales. It can be realized in various forms and with different materials as long as it is nice to look at, easy to handle and helpful to the sales. The inner packing should be attractive，modern, easy to publicizing and raising the marketing value.
1) Sometimes, mention the Contract No.or Order No. to make sure the reader knows what the letter is about in the subject line, if any; 2) State clearly the letter you are replying to by specifying the exact date and sometimes the order number at the very beginning of the letter; 3) State clearly the purpose of your letter; 4) Present your packing requirements specifically and clearly, and sometimes explain why you have these requirements; 5) Express your expectations and thanks for your parner’s cooperation.
Lesson 22
Inner Packing & Labeling
Asking for L/C
About the letter
Inner packing, also known as small packing or sales packing, is done mainly to push sales. It can be realized in various forms and with different materials as long as it is nice to look at, easy to handle and helpful to the sales. The inner packing should be attractiveizing and raising the marketing value.
Chapter IX Packing & Marking
Asking for L/C
Objectives:
1. Learn the importance of proper packing and terms of packing in foreign sales contract;
2. Grasp the essential components of a letter about packing;
Letters about packing issues should be concise and clear. In such letters, The buyer can inform the seller of any formerly unexpected requirements about packing. The seller can describe in detail to the buyer his customary packing of the goods concerned and also indicate clearly that he may accept and required packing at the expense of the buyer. Any changes regarding packing stipulated in the contract should be mutually discussed before shipment. Usually a letter regarding the packing often consists of the following parts: