英语专八人文
英语专八参考答案
英语专八参考答案英语专业八级考试（TEM-8）是中国英语专业学生的一项重要考试，它涵盖了听力、阅读、写作、翻译和人文知识等多个方面。
以下是一份模拟的参考答案，供参考：一、听力理解1. 短对话理解：这部分测试学生对日常英语对话的理解能力。
考生需仔细聆听对话内容，并从四个选项中选择最合适的答案。
2. 长对话理解：长对话通常涉及更复杂的情境和更多的信息点。
考生需要集中注意力，理解对话的主旨和细节。
3. 新闻听力：这部分要求考生能够理解英语新闻报道，把握新闻的主要内容和关键信息。
4. 讲座听力：考生需聆听一段英语讲座，并回答相关问题，测试学生对讲座内容的理解和分析能力。
二、阅读理解1. 快速阅读：考生需要在限定时间内快速浏览文章，抓住文章的主旨大意。
2. 深度阅读：这部分要求考生仔细阅读文章，理解文章的细节信息，并能对文章进行推理和判断。
3. 词汇理解：考生需要根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。
三、写作1. 图表作文：考生需根据所给图表信息，撰写一篇描述性或论证性的文章。
2. 议论文写作：考生需就某一话题表达自己的观点，并提供支持性的论据。
四、翻译1. 英译汉：考生需将英语文本翻译成中文，注意语言的准确性和流畅性。
2. 汉译英：考生需将中文文本翻译成英文，同样要注意语言的准确性和地道性。
五、人文知识1. 英美文学：考生需对英美文学的重要作品和作者有所了解。
2. 英美文化：这部分测试考生对英美文化常识的掌握。
3. 语言学基础：考生需要了解基本的语言学概念和理论。
六、完形填空考生需在理解文章大意的基础上，根据上下文逻辑和语境，选择最合适的选项填空。
七、改错考生需识别并纠正文章中的语法、用词等错误。
八、词汇和语法这部分测试考生对英语词汇和语法知识的掌握程度。
九、总结考生需根据所给材料，撰写一篇总结性的文章，概括材料的主要内容。
请注意，以上内容仅为模拟参考答案的示例，实际的TEM-8考试内容和形式可能会有所不同。
《英语专业八级人文知识》(英语国家概况部分)征服冲击波
《英语专业八级人文知识》（英语国家概况部分）征服冲击波系列美国部分1. The traditional dividing line in America between "east" and "west" is _______.A. the Mississippi river.B. the Appalachians.C. the Rocky Mountains.D. the Hudson river.2. Which part m America is the earliest to be found and taken over by early settlerA. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain.B. The Appalachians and their foothills.C. The interior lowlands.D.The Cordillera.3. Which is the largest racial group in the whole population of U.S. A?A. Hispanics.B. American Indians.C. Non-Hispanics white.D. Asian Americans.4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is ________.A. Latinos/HispanicsB. Asian AmericansC. Native AmericansD. African Americans5._______ has the world's oldest written constitution and political party.A.AmericaB.CanadaC.EnglandD.Australia6. As to roles of American president, which is NOT precisely defined in the U.! Constitution?A. He is the head of the state.B.He is the chief executive of the U. S. .C.He is the commander in chief of the aimed forces.D. He is the head of his political party.7. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved IA. The New DealB. World War nC. New energy sourcesD. Technological changes8. In the United States, how many years does primary education require?A. Four years.B. Five years.C. Six years.D. Seven years.9. Most college students in the United States are in _______.A. private institutionsB. city-funded universitiesC .high-tuition universitiesD .public institutions10.The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are as fol- lows EXCEPT _______.A.the United States State CourtsB.the United States District CourtsC.the United States Courts of AppealD.the United States Supreme Court11. All states of America are governed by the common law EXCEPT _______.A. LouisianaB.WashingtonC.California D .New York12 .Of the fifty states of America, how many states now have the death penalty as punishment?A.37.B.38.C.39.D.40.13. The four major regions of the United States are _______.A.NortheastB. SouthC. MidwestD.WestE. NorthA.ABCD.B.ACDE.C.BCDE.D.ABCE.14 .Which region's cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit?A. The Middle-Atlantic Region.B. The New England Region.C. The Pennsylvanian Region.D. The Mormon Region.15._____ is the latest state in terms of size and population in America.A. CaliforniaB. IndianaC. KansasD. Massachusetts16. Which of the following is NOT in Middle-Atlantic Region?A.Broadway.B. The Statue of liberty.C.Time Square.D.Bible Belt.17. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of American characters?A. Ambition.B. Individualism.C. Consideration.D. Self-reliance.18. Which of the following is NOT America's newspaper?A. Wall Street Journal.A Today.C. Guardian.D. The Milwaukee Journal.19. Which of the following are U. S. News and Cable network?a.ABCb.NBCc.BBCd.ABAA.abB.bcC.cdD.ad20."Hollywood"is often used as a synonym for _______.A. American filmsB. American forest industryC. Christians in the U. S. AD. American advertising industry21. The most important and largest river in the United States of America isA. the Ohio RiverB. the Colorado RiverC. the Missouri RiverD. the Mississippi River22. The north-eastern part of the United States-New England enjoys a ___climate.A. northern and oceanic type ofB. typical continentalC. very coldD. fairly warns23. To the west of mainland America lies theA. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean24. Detroit, a U. S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for itsA. automobile industryB. textile industryC. iron and steel industryD. aircraft industry25. The natives of the continent of America are theA. CanadiansB. IndiansC. MexicansD. Hispanics26. Thanksgiving Day is celebrated inA. BritainB. Britain and U. S. AC. the United StatesD. all the English-speaking countries27. is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A. Washington D. C.B. Los AngelesC. San FranciscoD. New York City28. Which of the following minority groups enjoys the worst social and economic conditions?A. Blacks.B. Hispanics.C. Indians.D. Asian Americans.29. Which of the following is NOT in New York City?A. Wall Street.B. Fifth Avenue.C. Broadway Street.D. Niagara Falls.30. Washington D. C. is namedA. after the U. S. President George WashingtonB. after Christopher ColumbusC. after both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD. after none of them31. The U. S. Congress has the power to make these laws except of _-A. defenseB. citizenship and naturalizationC. marriageD. the regulation of foreign trade32. American and British English are two of the English language.A. varietiesB. elementsC. partsD. forms33. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party wasA. Thomas JeffersonB. James MonroeC. James MadisonD. Abraham Lincoln34. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area isA. Rhode IslandB. VirginiaC. TexasD. Montana35. The national flag of the United States is known asA. the Star-Spangled BannerB. Uncle SamC. Hot DogD. Union Jack36.7he colony that did NOT send representatives to the First Continental CongresswasA. GeorgiaB. VugirriaC. MassachusettsD. Rhode Island37. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on theA. contribution a state has made to the rationB. populationC. sizeD. none of the above38. The tenn "Fattier of Waters" is used to refer toA. the Amazon RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Nile RiverD. the Hudson River39. The statue of liberty was given to American people by as a gift in 1884.A. FranceB. SpainC. ItalyD. Britain40. music is perhaps America's greatest contribution to the world of popular music.A. BluesB. RockC. JazzD. Waltz41. is a special day of loveA. Valentine's DayB. April fool's dayC. HalloweenD. Easter42. American national flower isA. violetB. roseC. lilyD. primrose43. Whose presidential tern is the longest?A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Abraham LincolnD. Franklin D. Roosevelt44. Ernest Hemingway isA. EnglishmanB. AmericanC. DutchD. Denmark45. John Fitzgerald Kennedy is the president.A. 35thB. 34thC. 33rdD. 32nd46. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, opened in to serve the "Muslim sex" .A. New EnglandB. VirginiaC. MassachusettsD. New York47 . The capital of Massachusetts isA. ProvidenceB. BostonC. MontpelierD. Augusta48. is the dividing line between the South and North.A. The Hudson RiverB. The Potomac RiverC. The Ohio RiverD. The Missouri River49. is Washington's largest city.A. BoiseB. DenverC. TacomaD. Seattle50. Washington D. C. , the capital of U. S. is situated on the River bankA. St. LawrenceB. HudsonC. PotomacD. Missouri51. When did the American Civil War break out?A.1775.B.1812.C.1861.D.18W .52. Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?A. John Adams.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. Benjamin Franklin.D. John Hancock.53. In which day is Halloween celebrated?A.5 November.B.31 October..C .17 March. D. 25 December.54. the following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptA. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. William PennD. Benjamiin Franklin55. The New Deal was started byA. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson56. The United States was rated in the world in terms of land area.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth57. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided byA. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education}"58. The Bill of Rights consists ofA.10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB.10 amendments adopted in 1787C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D. the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the pressand the freedom of religion59. The United States produces ass much as half of the world's _A. wheat and riceB. cottonC. tobacco and vegetable oilD. soybeans and corn60. Which invention marked the beginning of "The Age of Visual Information" ?A. Newspaper.B. Telegraph.C. Laundry machine.D. Television.61. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainlyfromA. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. John Adams D .John Locke62.The District of Manhattan is in the city ofA. Washington D. C.B.San FranciscoC. New YorkD. Chicago63. The sears in the Senate are allocated to different statesA. according to their populationB. according to their sizeC. according to their tax paid to federal governmentD. equally64. The Rocky Mountains is located inA. Great BritainB. AustraliaC. South AfricaD. North America65. Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city?A. Los Angeles.B. Chicago.C. New York.D. Washington.66. Which of the following is an American newspaper?A. The Guardian.B. Newsweek.C . The International Herald Tribune. D. The Daily Telegraph.67. The U.S. is called a " melting pot" becauseA. its steel industry is highly developedB. it has great influence on the worldC -it is an important economic center of the worldD .people from different races live there together68. The first Puritans came to America on the shipA. CodpeedB. Susan ConstantC. May FlowerD. Discovery69. Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those,haveA. given their lives for their countryB. made great; scientific discoveriesC. won American great reputation in sportsD . donated large amounts of money to the country70. "'Trick or Treat" is a phase that children often use when they celebrateA. New Year's DayB. Veteran's DayC. HalloweenD. Christmas71 . The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associatedEaster, are considered to representA. vigor and bravery B . fertility and new lifeC. originality and speedD. happiness and fun72.Which of the following books is not written by Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens?A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Life on the MississippiD. Leaves of Grass73. Which of the following books is written by Washington Irving?A. NatureB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Sketch BookD. Farewell to Arms74. The world-famous Harvard University is inA. MassachusettsB. New YorkC. WashingtonD. C. D. Maine75. Which of the following statements about American education is wrong?A. Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsoryB. Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations orindividualsC. There are more public colleges and universities than the private onesD. Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-yearbachelor's degree76. is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.A. BroadwayB. Wall StreetC. The Fifth AvenueD. Times Square77. is not a tourist attraction in the United States.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. Grand CanyonC. St. Patrick's CathedralD. Stonehenge78. was an actor before he became the President.A. Ronald ReaganB. Abraham LincolnC. Herbert HooverD. Jimmy Carter79. New Englanders were originally known as , which come to stand for all Americans.A. HippiesB. YankeesC. Uncle SamD. Brother Jonathan80. On the 30th of April, 1789, George Washington took the oath of office inwhich housed the government then.A. New YorkB. Washington D.C.C. PhiladelphiaD. Boston81. Which of the following people was not an American President?A. John HancockB. John AdamsC. John Q. AdamsD. Jimmy Carter82 . Henry Ford was the first than toA. design a planeB. fly an aeroplaneC. mass-produce carsD. design and make a car83. "That government of the people, by the people, for the people, . . . " werewords byA. Thomas JeffersonB. Abraham LincolnC. Andrew Johnson D .Theodore Roosevelt84. State is in the North-West of the United States.A. MissouriB. MarylandC. New YorkD. Washington85. The famous Silicon Valley is in the state ofA. TexasB. IdahoC. IllinoisD. California.86. Of the five Great Lakes, is the only lake that lies entirely in the US.A. Lake ErieB. Lake HuronC. Lake MichiganD. Lake Superior87. In the United States, the largest groups of native Americans live on___A. the Great PlainsB. the Pacific coastC. the Colorado PlateauD. the Appalachian Mountains88. The symbol for the Democratic Party in the United States isA. the bullB.the bearC. the donkeyD. the elephant89. is often used to refer to the US Department of Defense.A. Capitol HillB. The PentagonC .The White House D.The Empire State Building90. The American government is divided into three branches with each having its ownpowers. This is calledA. absolute monarchyB. balance of powersC. checks and balancesD. separation of government91. President George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, is a MemberOfA. Whig PartyB. the Democratic PartyC. Federalist PartyD. the Republican Party92. In the United States, NASA is the acronym forA. National Aeronautics & Space Adrnini-trationB. National Autograss Sports AssociationC. Nice And Safe AttitudeD. National Association of Students of Architecture93. When Neil Armstrong, one of the three crew, first landed on the moon on July 20, 1969, he said, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap formankind. "A. Apollo 11B. Apollo 12C. Apollo 15D. Apollo 1794. The inventor of lightning rod isA. Benjamin FranklinB. Thomas JeffersonC. Albert EinsteinD. Thomas Edison95. , the tallest building in North America was built iru 1974 in Chicago.A. Sears TowerB. Empire State BuildingC. John Hancock CenterD. Aon Center96. The most popular spectator sports in the United States isA. rugbyB. cricketC. footballD. American football97. Why is the United States called "a nation on the wheels"?A. Because Americans love making carsB. Because Americans depend much on cars in their daily lifeC. Because Americans constantly move from city to city in their carsD. Because the car industry has earned the United States its reputation98. music is a native American music and its origins lie in the folk songs of the English, Scottish, and Irish.A. JazzB. Hip PopC. Rock and RollD. Country and Western99. Up to now, is the country' s leading state in oil and natural gas deposits .A. TexasB. FloridaC. Rhode IslandD. North Dakota100. Which of the following corporations is not an automobile giant in AmericaA. FordB. ChryslerC. General MotorsD. International Business Machines练习题答案及题解1.A2.A3.C4. D5.A6.D7.B8.C9.D10. A11.A12 B 13. A14B 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. C 19．A 20. A21.D 22. B23. B24. A25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29D30. C31.C 32.A 33. D 34 A 35. A 36. A 37.B 38. B39. A 40. C41.A 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. D 50. C51. C 53. B 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. C 59. D60. D61.D.62. C 63. D64. D 65. A 66. B 67. D 68. C 69. A 70. C71.B 72. D 73. C 74. A 75.C 76. A 77. D 78. A 79.B80. A81.A 82. C 83.B 84. D 85. D 86. C 87. C 88. C 89. B90. C91.D 92.A 93. A 94. A 95.A 96. D 97. B 98. D 99. A100. D 。
英语专八人文知识之语言学(详细简化版)
专八加油↖(^ω^)↗语言学（缩略版）1 语言的四个特征:任意性（Arbitrariness），二重性（Duality），创造性（Creativity），移位性（Displacement）2 语言的七个功能：信息功能（Informative），人际功能（Interpersonal Function），施为功能（Performative），感情功能（Emotive Function），寒暄功能（Phatic Communion），娱乐功能（Recreation Function）元语言功能（Metalingual Function）3 语言学的主要分支：语音学（Phonetics），音系学（Phonology）形态学（Morphology），句法学（Syntax)，语义学（Semantics），语用学（Pragmatics），4 宏观语言学（Macrolinguistics）的分支：心理语言学（Psycholinguistics），社会语言学（Sociolinguistics），人类语言学（Anthropological Linguistics，计算机语言学（Computational linguistics）5 规定式（Prescriptive）---描述事情应该是怎样的（describe how things ought to be）描写式（Descriptive）---描述事情本是怎样的（describe how thing are）6 共时研究（Synchronic）---以某个特定时期的语言为研究对象（takes a fixed instant as its point of observation）历时研究（Diachronic）---研究语言各个阶段的发展变化（Study of a language through the course of its history）7 语言（Langue）---说话者的语言能力(the linguistic competence of the speaker）言语（Parole）---语言的实际现象或语料（the actual phenomena or data of linguistic）----索绪尔（Saussure）区分8 语言能力（Competence）---理想语言使用者关于语言的知识储备（underlying knowledge)语言运用（Performance）---真实的语言使用者在实际场景中语言的使用（Actual use ofLanguage)----乔姆斯基（Chomsk）区分9 语音学主要分支:发音语言学（Articulatory Phonetics），声学语言学（Acoustic Phonetics）。
英语专业八级人文知识
英语专业八级人文知识美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is__The Mississippi River___.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is__Non-hispanics white__.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is_African Americans___.5 __America__has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War two____.7 In the United States, primary education requires_six___years.8 Most college students in the United States are in_public institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are__District Courts_____Courts of Appeal____Supreme Court._.10 __Louisana___(which state )is not governed by the commonlaw.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
英语专八人文知识最后点击(free)
今日话题：辅音如何分类1. 发音部位（places of articulation）：双唇音(bilabial)、唇齿音(labiodental)、齿间音(dental)等；2.发音方法(manners of articulation)：、爆破音(stop)、摩擦音(fricatives)、破擦音(affricates)、鼻音(nasal)、边音(lateral)等；3.声带状态：清辅音、浊辅音。
因此更正第七期第十道10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____A manner of articulationB openness of mouthC place of articulationD voicing选择A而不是C1. St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both ____A America and MexicoB America and CanadaC America and CubaD America and Brazil2. European settlement of Australia began in the late part of ____ when a British penal colony was established on the east coast of the continent.A the 16th centuryB the 17th centuryC the 18th centuryD the 19th century3. Which sport is supposed to be America’s national sport and used to be call “American’s favorable pastime”?A baseballB basketballC rugbyD cricket4. The largest city in New Zealand is ____A AucklandB WellingtonC ChristchurchD Dunedin5. After Adam Bede,____wrote The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner in which moral problems are discussed and psychological analysis of characters are emphasized.A George EliotB Jane AustinC George DickensD Charlotte Bronte6.All of the following odes are written by John Keats EXCEPT____A Ode to AutumnB Ode to a NightingaleC Ode to a SkylarkD Ode on Melancholy7. Of____’s four famous comedies, the best known is Lady Windermere’s Fan.A Oscar WildeB Richard SheridanC Bernard ShawD Somerset Maugham8. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a sound is pronounced, it is a(n) ____A voiced consonantB voiceless consonantC vowelD explosive9. The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is ____A I.P.AB I.A.P.SC I.S.SD S.S.I.P10. With the ____, Latin words were added into the vocabulary of the language spoken in Britain.A invasion of the RomansB Christianization of BritainC Scandinavian invasionD Norman Conquest答案BCAAA CACAB9. 国际音标（international phonetic alphabet）是目前世界上比较通行的音标，简称IPA，最初制定于1886年。
5分钟搞定专八人文知识关键词
5分钟搞定专八人文知识关键词：腐国文学(1)一、古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066)1、贝奥武夫Beowulf（公元八世纪）：是迄今为止发现的英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时期最古老、最长的一部较完整的文学作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。
2、阿尔弗雷德大帝Alfred the Great ：英国散文之父Father of English Prose二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、暗讽体allegory非常盛行：这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.2、Romance 开始上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士S ir Gawain and the Green Knight：反映了骑士制度chivalry的理想，是中世纪封建贵族文化的精髓。
4、威廉·兰格伦Willian Langlaud ：著有《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》Piers Plowman5、乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer：坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) The Canterbury Tales 。
在英国文学史上，他是第一个使用十音节“双韵体”的诗人，这个诗体后来在他首创下，演化成了“英雄双韵体”，“英雄双韵体”为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用。
他也因此被誉为“英国诗歌之父”Father of English poetry。
6、托马斯.马洛礼Sir Thomas Malory 《亚瑟王之死》The Death of King Arthur三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪)1、托马斯.莫尔Sir Thomas More ：《乌托邦》Utopia2、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯·怀特和 Henry Howard亨利·霍华德把十四行诗sonnet引入英国3、菲利普·锡德尼Philips Sidney：著有《诗辩》The defense of Poesie，这是伊丽莎白时代文学批评的最佳之作；《阿卡迪亚》Arcadia 描述田园生活，为现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞Edmund Spenser ：《仙后》The Faerie Queene。
英语专业八级考试人文知识点
英语专业八级考试人文知识点(1)__1__ Who was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies?A KeplerB CopernicusC GalileoD Newton__2__ Whose discovery of the law of the universal gravitation is the most important of all his achievement in ph ysics?A KeplerB Issac NewtonC GalileoD Copernicus__3__The three biggest newspapers are of the following except ___.A New York TimesB Washington PostC Los Angeles TimesD Reader’s Digest__4__Metropolitan Museum is in__.A Washington D.C.B BostonC New YorkD Philadelphia__5__The New Frontier was put forward by __.A KennedyB JohnsonC NixonD Benjamin Franklin__6__Who resigned because of Watergate Scandal, the first president to do so in American history?A KennedyB JohnsonC Richard NixonD Truman__7__Empire State Building is in___.A ChicagoB New YorkC Washington D.C.D Detroit__8__ “Knowledge is power.” Was said by__.A Francis BaconB ShakespeareC Thomas HobbesD John Locke__9__Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?A John LockeB DescartesC Pierre GassendiD Thomas Hobbes__10__Jazz, a great contribution to the world popular music, was originated from the music of __.A IndiansB SpanishC NegroesD Portuguese答案解析：1选C。
英语专八人文知识汇总
美国概况练习题：1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A Washington D.C.B Los AngelesC San FranciscoD New York City2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A BlacksB HispanicsC IndiansD Asian Americans3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.A the U.S. President George WashingtonB Christopher ColumbusC both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD none of them4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A varietiesB elementsC partsD form5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A Thomas JeffersonB James MonroeC James MadisonD Abraham Lincoln6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A Rhode IslandB VirginiaC TexasD Montana7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A the Star-Spangled BannerB Uncle SamC Hot DogD Union Jack8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A contribution a state has made to the nationB populationC sizeD none of the above9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A the Amazon RiverB the Mississippi RiverC the Nile RiverD the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A FranceB SpainC ItalyD Britain练习题答案及题解:1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
英语专八人文知识精选试题1
专八人文：英国文学部分精选习题The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is not such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greek culture.B. England's domestic rest.C. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.Which of the following is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim's ProgressB. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanD. The Holy WarIt is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William LanglandD. John GowerAll of the following four except are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Ben JonsonIt is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the form of .A. elegyB. odeC. epicD. sonnetDaniel Defoe's novels mainly focus on .A. the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceB. the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for securityC. the struggle of the pirates for wealthD. the desire of the criminals for propertyIn Beowulf, fought against the monster Grendel and a five breathing dragon.A. the Anglo-SaxonsB. BeowulfC. the ScandinavianD. the Winter DragonFrancis Bacon is best known for his which greatly influenced the development of this literary form.A. essaysB. poemsC. works D playsMost of Thomas Hardy's novels are set in Wessex .A. a crude region in EnglandB. a fictional primitive regionC. a remote rural areaD. Hardy's hometownWe can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley's poem "Ode to the West Wind" with all the following terms except .A. swiftB. proudC. tamedD. wild"Blindness", "partiality", "prejudice", and "absurdity" in the novel "Pride and Prejudice" are most likely the characteristics of .A. ElizabethB. DarcyC. Mr. BennetD. Mrs. BennetThe modern English novel came into being in .A. the middle of the 17th centuryB. the 17th centuryC. the late 18th centuryD. the middle of the 18th centuryWho is not the major figure of modernist movement?A. EliotB. JoyceC. Charles DickensD. PoundWho is considered to be the best known English dramatist since Shakespeare?A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W.B. YeatsD. George Bernard ShawOf the following poets, which is not regarded as "Lake Poets"?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SouthyC. William Words worthD. William Shakespeare In the first part of Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver told his experience in .A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. HouyhnhnmD. EnglandWhich of the following cannot describe "Byronic hero"?A. proudB. mysteriousC. noble origin D progressiveIn the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as .A. the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience.B. the thought that designates man as a social animalC. the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in commonD. the modes of thinkingThe term "metaphysical poetry" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of .A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John KeatsD. John Bunyan"The Vanity Fair" is a well-known part in .A. The Pilgrim's ProgressB. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanD. The Holy WarIn Oliver Twist, Charles criticizes .A. money worshipping tendencyB. dehumanizing of workhouse systemC. hypocrisy of the upper societyD. distortion of human heartWhich of the following plays by Shakespeare is history play?A. Julius CaesarB. The Merry Wives of WindsorC. Henry IVD. King LearWho is regarded as a "worshipper of nature".A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Jane AustenWhich of the following writing is not the work by Charles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Hard TimesC. Oliver TwistD. Sons and LoversThe 18th century England is known as the in the history.A. RomanticismB. ClassicismC. RenaissanceD. Enlightenment专八人文：美国文学部分精选习题In American literature, the eighteen century was the age of the Enlightenment. was the dominant spirit.A. HumanismB. RationalismC. RevolutionD. EvolutionWhich statement about Franklin is not true?A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He was a master of diplomacy.D. He was a Puritan.Who is regarded as the first American prose epic.A. NatureB. The Scarlet LetterC. WaldenD. Moby-DickThe Romanic Period of American literature started with the publication of Washington Irving's and ended with Whiteman's Leaves of Grass.A. The Sketch BookB. Tales of a TravelerC. The AlhambraD. A history of New YorkIn Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, "A" may stand for .A. AdulteryB. AngelC. AmiableD. All the aboveThe period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as .A. the Naturalist PeriodB. the Modern PeriodC. the Romantic PeriodD. the Realistic PeriodThe Age of Realism is the literary history of the United States refers to the period from to .A. 1861 – 1914B. 1863 – 1918C. 1865 – 1914D. 1865 – 1918Who is described by Mark Twain as a boy with "a sound heart and a deformed conscience?"A. Tom SawyerB. Huckleberry FinnC. JimD. TonyMark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .A. international themeB. waste-land imageryC. local colorD. symbolismThe impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American .A. modernismB. naturalismC. vernacularismD. local colorismIn 1900, London published his first collection of short stories, named .A. The son of the WolfB. The Sea WolfC. The Law of LifeD. White FangIn which of the following works, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bull-fight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy?A. The Green Hills of Africa.B. The Snows of Kilimanjaro.C. To Have and Have Not.D. Death in the Afternoon.Which of the following figures does not belong to "The Lost Generation"?A. Ezra PoundB. William Carlos WilliamsC. Robert FrostD. Theodore DreiserWho is a dramatist that holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period?A. Sinclair LevisB. Eugene O'NeilC. Arthur MillerD. Tennessee WilliamsThe following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature except .A. William FaulknerB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. John SteinbeckD. Ernest HemingwayIn 1954, was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his "mastery of the art of modern narration".A. T.S. EliotB. Ernest HemingwayC. John SteinbeckD. William FaulknerWho is the author of the work: "The Grapes of Wrath"?A. John SteinbeckB. Eugene O'NeilC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. Theodore DreiserIn 1920 Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town provincialism in .A. Main StreetB. An American TragedyC. Winesburg, OhioD. Sister Carrie专八人文知识：语言学部分精选试题Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a systemB. Language is symbolicC. Animals also have languageD. Language is arbitraryWhich of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?A. SymbolicB. DualC. ProductiveD. ArbitraryWhat is the most important function of language?A. InterpersonalB. PhaticC. InformativeD. MetalingualWho put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. HallidayD. AnonymousAccording to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language?A. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langueThe function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?" is .A. informativeB. phaticC. directiveD. performativeArticulatory phonetics mainly studies .A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechB. the perception of soundsC. the combination of soundsD. the production of soundsThe distinction between vowels and consonants lies in .A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamC. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lipsWhich is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. PragmaticsWhich studies the sound systems in a certain language?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. PragmaticsMinimal pairs are used to .A. find the distinctive features of a languageB. find the phonemes of a languageC. compare two wordsD. find the allophones of languageUsually, suprasegmental features include ,length and pitch.A. phonemeB. speech soundsC. syllablesD. stressWhich is an indispensable part of a syllable?A. CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. PeakWhich is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content? A. Word B. Morpheme C. Allomorph D. RootWhich studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed?A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. PhonologyD. SemanticsLexeme is .A. a physically definable unitB. the common factor underlying a set of formsC. a grammatical unitD. an indefinable unitWhich of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morpheme ?A. [s]B. [iz]C. [ai]D. [is]All words contain a .A. root morphemeB. bound morphemeC. prefixD. suffixThe relationship between "fruit" and "apple" is .A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymyThe part of the grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called .A. lexiconB. morphologyC. syntaxD. semanticsWhich of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A. genderB. numberC. caseD. voiceThe pair of words "lend" and "borrow" are .A. gradable oppositesB. converse oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms"Big" and "Small" are a pair of opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD. converseAccording to C. Morris and R. Carnap, which is studies the relationship between symbols and their interpreters?A. syntaxB. semanticsC. pragmaticsD. sociolinguisticsThere are deixis in the sentence she has sold it here yesterday.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6In the following conversation:- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.The second person violates the .A. Quantity MaximB. Quality MaximC. Relation MaximD. Manner MaximThe maxim of requires that a participant's contribution be relevant to the conversation.A. quantityB. qualityC. mannerD. relation专八人文知识考前模拟试题１．Which one of the four is NOT correct?A) English-speaking countries are UK, USA, Canada, Barbados, etc.B) English-speaking countries are UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc.C) English-speaking countries are USA, Canada, Australia, the Republic of Ireland, etc.D) English-speaking countries USA, Canada, Australia, Egypt, etc.２．The famous short story The Fall of the House of Usher was written byA) Charles Dickens B) Edgar Allen PoeC) John Richardson (Canadian novelist) D) Henry Savery３．Which one of the following Ivy League Schools is situated in Connecticut?A) Yale University. B) Harvard.C) Princeton. D) Columbia.４．The branch of linguistics which studies the forms of words is __ MORPHOLOGY..A) phoneme B) morphemeC) semantics D) morphology５．Who wrote a highly-acclaimed Novel Moby Dick?A) William James. B) Herman Melville.C) Ernest Hemingway. D) Cooper.６．What is the name of the Lake in northern Utah of the U.S.A.?A) Lake Michigan. B) Lake Superior.C) Lake Erie. D) the Great Salt Lake.７．Who wrote Pygmalion which later was transformed into the highly popular New York Broadway musical My Fair Lady in 1956?A) Edgar Allen Poe. B) Charles Lamb.C) George Bernard Shaw. D) Alfred Tennyson.８．Among the four pillars of English literature, who was NOT born and raised in Ireland?A) Jonathan Swift. B) W'filiam Buffer Yeats.C) James Joyce. D) Robert Browning.９．Alaska lies in the of North America, stretching southward from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific.A) northwestern part B) southwestern partC) northeastern part D) southeastern part１０．Who is a satirist and the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature.A) Eugene O' Neill B) Sinclair LewisC) TS. Eliot D) W'dliam Fanlkner专八人文知识考前模拟试题2The first capital of the young nation of the USA is .A) Boston B) Philadelphia C) New York D) WashingtonWhich one of the following American cities is the birthplace of jazz?A) New Orleans. B) New York. C) Boston. D) Chicago.Who wrote one of the most enduring classic poem Ode to the West Wind ?A) Wifiliam Wordsworth. B) Alfred Tennyson. C) Percy Shelley. D) David Bum.When was Elizabeth I came to the throne of England?A) 1538. B) 1548. C.1568. D) 1558.When was Oxford University founded?A) 1167 in Oxford, B) 1267 in Oxford.C) 1367 in Oxford. D) 1467 in Oxford.Canada is often described as a huge ~ centered on the Hudson and James Bay.A) plate B) saucer C) cup D) bowlIn the literature of sociolinguistics, refers to a group of institutionalized social situations typically con strained by a common set of behavioural rules.A) domain B) distribution C) dissimilation D) discourseis a process in which part of the form is native and part is borrowed, but the meaning is fully borrowed.A) loanshifting B) loanblending C) loan translation D) logical connectionWhat is the name of the woman poet who had her The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America?A) Anne Bradstreet. B) Maria Edgeworth. C) Jane Austen. D) Emily Dickinson.Who wrote and published the philosophical work Essay Concerning Human Understanding?A) John Milton. B) John Locke. C) Richard Steele. D) Joseph Addison.专八人文知识考前模拟试题3_ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transportation.A) Phonetics B) Phonology C) Phoneme D) Phonetic typologyThe sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction of the air-stream at some point the vocal tract are called .A) consonance B) consonant cluster C) consistency D) consonantsIn its technical sense here, __ deals with the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations.A) pictogram B) lexicon C) word-formation D) ideogramWhen was Longrnan Group UK Ltd was founded?A) 1721. B).1722. C) 1723. D).1724.What is the name of the dictionary compiled by Samuel Johnson?A) First English Dictionary. B) Dictionary of English Language.C) A Dictionary of the English Language. D) Dictionary of the English Language.Who wrote and publish Poor Richard's Almanack?A) Benjamin Franklin. B) John Gay. C) David Hume. D) Samuel Richardson.Which one of the following four books was written by Harriet Stowe?A) Roughing It in the Bush. B) Walden, or Life in the Woods.C) Adam Bede. D) Uncle Tom's Cabin._ _ the capital of New South Wales, is the oldest and largest city in Australia.A) Melbourne B) Sydney C) Darwin D) Canberra, Valentine's Day, is sweethearts' day, on which people in love with each other express their tender emotions.A) February 10th B) February 12th C) February 14th D) February 16thMajor Newspapers and Magazines in the USA are , etc.A) New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, TimesB) New York Times, Washington Post, The Sun, TimesC) New York Times, Washington Post, The Evening Post, TimesD) New York Times, Washington Post, Sunday Times, Times答案：ＡＤＢＤＣＡＤＢＣＡ。
英语专业八级人文知识讲座PPT
American Literature
World literature is the body of written works produced around the world in different languages and cultures It encompassed a vast range of cultures, including those from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and other parts of the world
The influence of these festivals on English culture and society is explored, showing how they have shaped the English way of life
Origin and development
English literature is a significant part of human culture, representing the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of people in England and the Commonwealth countries It covers a wide range of genes, including poetry, novels, short stories, and drama
Lecture on Humanities Knowledge of English Majors
English Literature English History English Culture English Philosophy English Linguistics English education English Psychology
英语专八人文知识汇总-
o GeographyGreat Britain America Canada Australia New Zealandmountain Ben Nevis(Highest mountain)Scafell(highest peak)The Pennies(mountain chain)Rocky Mountains(‘backbone‘or ‘continental divide’)The great central plainThe Appalachian mountainsMount Logan(highest peak)Mount cook(highest peak)Mount ruapehu(highest hill innorth island)river Severn River(longest)Thames River(most important) the Mississippi river(‘fatherof waters,’ old man river’)Ohio river(‘American Ruhr’)St. Lawrence(most important)the Mackenzie(longest)The Murray river(longest andBiggest)Lake Taupo(largest)lakes Lough Neigh(largest)Loch Lomond(largest in Scot)Windermere(largest in England)Lake Vyrnwy(largest in Wales) The great lakeslake Michigan: entirely in USothers: Superior, Huron,Erie, OntarioGreat bear lake(largest)Great slave lake(deepest)The great lakesLake Eyre(largest) The Clutha river(largest in southWaikato river and Wanganuiriver(largest in north)climate Maritime typeReasons: surrounding watersThe prevailing southeast windsThe North Atlantic Drift Northeastern: humidcontinental climateSoutheastern: humidsubtropical climateThe great plains: continentalSteppe climateIntermountain: continentalDesert climatePacific northwest: maritimeclimateMainly: temperatecontinental climateThe north: polar climateThe west: TemperateMaritime ClimateDesert or semiaridPlants: Eucalypts, wattlesAnimals: kangaroos, emus,budgerigarsFrom cool temperate to warmtemperate(January—warmest,July—coldest)Christchurch—the driest cityAuckland—the wettest cityReasons: its latitude zoneOceanic environmentMountains especially thesouthern AlpsEthnic groups First settlers: the IberiansTheEnglish(mainly) :Anglo-SaxonThe Scottish, the welsh, theIrish, the north Irish: CeltsOriginal habitant s：IndianImmigrants from all over theworld(mainly from EuropeOriginal habitant s:theEskimos or Inuit and IndiansImmigrations(mainlydescendant of Britain andFrance)First inhabitants: indigenousAustraliansImmigration(mainly fromBritain)First inhabitants: Maori(10%)Immigration: all around the world加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息1cities London(capital, largest city,largest port)Birmingham(second largest)Edinburgh(capital of Scotland)Cardiff(capital of Wales)Belfast(capital of northernIreland)Glasgow(third largest, largestcity and port in Scotland)Manchester(center of textile) Washington D.C.(capital)New York(biggest city andport,’the bigapple’, ’Gotham’,The city that never sleeps’,‘the capital of theworld’, ’theEmpire city’)Boston(美国雅典)Los Angeles（加州最大城市，second largest）Chicago（third largest city，Called’ the second city’, ’thewindy city’)San Francisco(西海岸门户)Quebec(largest province,French culture)Toronto(largest)Montreal(second)Vancouver(third)Ottawa(capital)Canberra（capital）Sydney（largest）Melbourne(second, culturalAnd sports center)States:New south wales（oldest,Largest population)Western Australia(biggestState)Tasmania(smallest state)Wellington（capital）Auckland（largest）HistoryGreat Britain America Canada Australia New ZealandIn 700BC,The Celts came into Britain 1600-1900Pre-Columbian periodThe continent was foundedBy an Italian explorer johnCabotWilliam Dampier was thefirst English man to reachAustralia and James cookfinally put it on the mapThe first Englishman to this country was captainJames Cook（55BC-410AD）In 55BC,JuliusCaesar attacked But failedIn 43AD,Claudius conquered the country without Scotland 1492,ChristopherColumbusFound the new continent1607,first colony was foundedAt Jamestown, VirginiaIn 1608,Samuel de ChamplainEstablished the habitation inQuebec cityOn January 1th,1901,thecommonwealth ofAustralia came into being,the first minister wasEdmund BartonIn 1840,the Treaty of Waitangi was signedbetween William Hobson and various Maorichiefs, which brought the country into the BritainEmpire and gave Maori the same rights（446-871）The angles, Saxons and jutes came to Britain In 1776,the colonies proclaimThe independence and theDeclaration of independenceWas draftedAfter the seven years’ war,The French were forced to givethe Canada to Britain1916,Anzac Day(澳新军团节) was Australia’s mostimportant holidayIn 1865,the capital Wallington was settled加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息2In 1066，The Norman conquest built the Feudal system in England Introduced Christianity In 1783,the treaty of PariesRecognized the USA1789,the government was setThe Quebec act of 1774 grantedthe people of QuebecRights as French Canadians1950-1966，there was aboom in economic growthunder menzies’s ruleIn 1893,New Zealand became the first country togive woman theRight to voteIn 1215,The great charter—a limitation Of the power of the king 1861-1865,the civil war andLincoln declared EmancipationProclamation, in 1865,theThirteenth Amendmentbanned slaveryIn 1867,three colonies-QuebecNew Brunswick and nova scotiajoined in a confederation by theBritish North America ActIn 1972,gough Whitlamestablished relationshipWith ChinaIn 1216,The summon of the great Council later developed into The house of lords and the House of commons US joint the world war in April1917In 1931,Canadabecame amember of the commonwealthOf nations(1337-1453)The hundred years war with France(reduced labor largely) In 1920s,America enjoyed aperiod of unbalancedprosperity-material successbut spiritual frustration orconfusionIn 1949,newfoundland becameCanada’s tenth province(1455-1485)The war of roses Lancaster-red roseYork-white roseHenry Tudor won the battle In 1920s,America experienced The great depression and franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal(1642-1651)The civil warsCharles（support from north And west)The parliament(southeast) Charles was executed in 1649 In 1660,The restorationKing Charles 2nd return from France) In 1941,japan attack the pearl Harbor and the next day USA joint the second world war‘a date which will live in infamy’加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息3加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息4In 1688,The glorious revolution William of orange and Mary passed Bill of Rights 1707 The Act of Union united England and Scotland In 1949,the north Atlantic treaty was signed-military alliance(1780-1830)The industrial revolution1950-1975,the Vietnam war, The policy of containment badly influence the country(1830-1848) The chartist movement The parliament passed The People ’s Charter 1945-1989,the cold war between America and the soviet union-the Korean war and the Cuban missile crisisPoliticsGreat BritainAmericaCanadaAustraliaNew ZealandTthe state systemConstitutional monarchyEstablished on the basis ofthree main principles:Federalism, the separation of Powers(checks and balance) and respect for the constitution(oldest in the world) and the rule of law名义上是constitutional Monarchy 实际上是 Parliamentary democracyThe head of state: Elizabeth 2th The viceroy(总督) Prime ministerFederationThe head: the queen of UK It consists of the federal parliament, six state Parliaments and governments, about 900 local governments and six state governorsA sovereign independent State, with a parliamentary Government and a Constitutional monarchy Head: queen Elizabeth 2thE executive powerUK government, prime minister is the head of government and 20 ministers make up the cabinet President is elected to a 4 year Term with only two terms The governor general is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister usually for 5-year term The cabinet The government is formed by The party that holds a majority of seats The governor general is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister usually for 5-year term The cabinet加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息5L legislative powerThe government and the two chambers of parliament The house of representatives(2-year term with 435 members)And the senate(6- year term with 100 members)J judiciaryIndependent of the above two, Britain had no written constitutions and the constitution consists of state law, the common laws and conventionsThe supreme court(created by the constitution,1chief justice And 8 associate justices) Federal courts of appeal(11) Federal district(91)Supreme court(1 chief justice and 8 puisne justice until the age of 75) Province court Native courtIt is independent of the governmentp parliamentThe supreme legislative body, it consists of the sovereign, the house of lords(temporal and spiritual) and the house of commons(651 members and election held every 5 years)The monarch, the senate(105 members until the age of 75) and The house of commons(308 members, less than 5 years)The house of representatives(150members for 3-year term) and the senate(76 members for 6-year term)Election take place every 3 yearsHas only one chamber- The house of representatives(120 members and elected for 3 yearsp partiesMain parties Conservative party Labor partyThe liberal democrats( Third largest party)The democratic party The republican partyThe liberal partyThe progressive conservative partyAustralian labor party Liberal party of Australia National party of AustraliaThe national party(center- Right conservative)The labor party(center-left Progressive)EconomyGreat BritainAmericaCanadaAustralia New ZealandPrimaryAgriculture:2% population Manage 70% land The best land is in the SoutheastProduce 1/4 of world grain and sell 1/2 of the grainProduce 50% of the corn in the world(Midwest, Iowa)One of the world ’s largest Supplier of agricultural productsMainly produce WheatNatural resources mainly export to Japan, China, the US, South Korea and NewImport raw materials and mineralsindustries Main crops: wheat, barleyFishingMining: coal Biggest producer and user ofTobacco in the worldZealandWorld largest export of wool,Second largest of meat andThird largest of wheatSecondary industries ManufacturingShipbuilding(river Tyne ,Newcastle)Engineering:8 car brandsElectronics: fourth inworldCenter of heavy industry:MidwestMainly produce motor vehicleAnd transportation equipmentBiggest producers of mineralsand metals and world’sLargest exporter of coalMajor export of uranium(铀)Crude oil and natural gasThe world’s biggestfarmWorld largest exporterofLamb, mutton, dairyproducts and woolLeader in CNG(压缩天然气Tertiary(service) industries Produce 65% wealth andEmploy 70% workforceLondon: financial center,Media, culture centerManufacturing is the mostImportant economic activityCultureGreat Britain America Canada Australia New Zealandsports Cricket(most English)Football(most popular inEngland)Tennis(origin in England)Golf(origin in Scotland)Football(24 teams, AFC, NFC)Baseball: oldest sport in USBasketball(NBA)Cricket: national sportRugby: most popular wintersportmedia BBC(founded in 1926,43Languages)TV:bbc1,bbc2,ITV,channel4Newspapers:The times(1785,Britain’soldest daily newspaper) Newspapers:The wall street journalUSA todayThe New York timesMagazinesReader’s digestBroadcasting:CBC NFBNewspapers:The Toronto starThe globe and mailLe journal de MontrealNewspapersThe AustraliaThe Sydney morning heraldThe ageThe Australia financial reviewMagazines:加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息6The observer(world’s oldest national newspaper) Periodicals: the economist SpectatorNews agencies: Reuters Press associationExcel financial Ltd. TV guideNational geographicTimeNewsweekElectronic media:CBS NBS ABC PBSFestivals: skyscraper by LouisSullivan, jazz, rock and rollMagazines:Maclean’sNews weeklyThe Australian woman’sWeeklySydney gazetteNews agencyAustraliafestivals Christmas day(biggest)Easter(spring time, womenWear new clothes, childrenGet Easter eggNew year’s day(ScottishHogmanay, important)Bonfire night(guy Fawkes)Halloween(wear strangeCloth and girls see theirfuture husband)Eisteddfod in wales(poeticTradition, in august) Christmas day(biggest)New year’s day(mummers Parade, the rose tournament) Valentine’s day(for lovers) Easter day(second important) Independent day(July 4th) Halloween(night-time children’s holiday) Thanksgiving(fourth Thursday In November)religion Christianity-Islam-Hinduism-Sikism-judaismChurch of England(ChristianChurch)Church province:CanterburyAnd YorkThe free churches: theMethodist church（largestfree church）Religious fervencyProtestants(60% population，Largest group is the Baptists,second is Methodists)Roman catholic:(more than1/4mainly in New York and Massachusetts)Judaism: small minorityEducation加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息7Great Britain America Canada Australia New ZealandEducation system Government responsible forEducationThe local educationAuthorities are responsiblefor the state schoolsCompulsory education(5-16)Two categories:The state schools(localGovernment support, 93%)The private schools(privateSectors and tuition rates) Government responsible forEducation and systemdecentralized by stateThree levels:FederalStateLocalEducation is provincialResponsibilityThe same as Britain The same as BritainPrimary education Begin at 5 in England andWalesBegin at 3 in Scotland Pre-school:Pre-kindergarten:4-5 Kindergarten:5-6Elementary education:Public schools (85%)elementarySecondary education From 11 to 16Comprehensive schools:90%Pupils without academicreferenceGrammar schools: the11-plusMust learn English, math andScienceAfter 16A-level exams(at 18)GNVQs Junior high schoolSenior high schoolPublic school supported by Local, state, federal funding Private school are mainly run by Churches加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息8University education Get funds from the centralGovernmentGet a 3-year courseThe university of OxfordThe university of CambridgeThe university ofBuckingham(only privatefunded university) Get 4-year courseFunction: teaching, research,EndowmentsHigher education began withThe founding with the foundingOf Harvard collageYale universityMIT, Stanford, BerkeleyPost –secondaryOldest university: LavalUniversity in Quebec cityfounded in 1663Largest university: universityof TorontoAuckland universityLincoln universityMassey universityUniversity of AucklandUniversity of Canterbury LiteratureBritish literature中古时期-before 15th1. Beowulf represents the highest achievement of the old English2. Caedmon is the earliest English poet3. Sir Gawain and the green knight is one of the best Middle English romance4. William Langland-piers the plowman-the great work along with the Canterbury tales5. Geoffrey Chaucer-“the father of English poetry”and “the father of English fiction”6. The Robin Hood Ballads-English folk literature文艺复兴时期-14th—17thDrama is the most distinctive achievementPoetry1. Thomas Wyatt is the first to introduce sonnet into English2. Edmund Spenser is “the poets’ poet” and poet laureateMasterpiece: the faerie queen (Spenserian stanza-eight iambic pentameter lines and a line of six iambic feet) Other works: the shepherd’s calendar epithalamionProse1. Thomas More Masterpiece-utopia2. Francis Bacon is England’s first essayist3.John Lyly-euphues(the use of euphuism夸饰文体)加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息9Drama1.Christopher Marlowe-the greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted universitywriterHe first use blank verse in drama and paved the way for ShakespeareWorks: Tamburlaine the tragic history of doctor Faustus (best play) the Jew of Malta2.William Shakespeare(37 plays,154 sonnets)Four great Comedies: a midsummer night’s dream, as you like it, the merchant of Venice, twelfth nightFour great tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth3.Ben Johnson-vulpine-satirical comedy资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时期-17thLiterature of the revolution period (age of Milton) of restoration period (age of Dryden)PoetsJohn Milton (a master of blank verse)Masterpiece: paradise lost others: Samson agonist’s paradise regainedJohn Donne-the founder of the metaphysical schoolMasterpiece: a valediction: forbidding mourningProses1. John Bunyan-the pilgrim’s progressWritersJeremy Collier-a short view of the immorality and profaneness of the English stage1. John Dryden-the father of English criticismForerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th and poet laureate for 20 years, he also created the heroic coupletan essay of dramatic poesy(best work) all for love Absalom and acidophil the hind and the panthe r启蒙运动时期-18thThe age of enlightenment/reasonEnlightenment movement (reason, equality, science)Neoclassicism (a revival of classical standards of order, balance and harmony, john Dryden and alexander pope)SentimentalismThe graveyard school (sentimental lamentation or meditation, Thomas gray is the leading figure)Writers of Neoclassicism1.Alexander Pope-the greatest English poet of the 18th centuryBest known for his satirical verse, one of the first to introduce rationalism加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息10Works: an essay on criticism the rape of the lock essay on man2.Samuel Johnson-“grand champion in literature of that age”Works: the dictionary of the English language the lives of English poetsWriters of realistic tradition1.Daniel Defoe-the discoverer of the modern novel “father of English and European novels”Robinson Crusoe-the first English novelOther works: captain singleton colonel Jacque moll Flanders2.Jonathan Swift(an Irish master of satires)Works: a tale of a tub (established his name as a satirist) a modest proposalMasterpiece: Gull iver’s travels3.Henry Fielding-father of the English novelPlaywrights: the welsh opera pasquinNovels: Joseph Andrew-“a comic epic poem in prose “Jonathan wild the greatThe history of tom jones, a founding (masterpiece)Writers of sentimental tradition1.Samuel RichardsonWorks: Pamela, virtue rewarded (letters); Clarissa harlowe (letter) sir Richard grandsonurence SterneTristram Shandy (his most famous book) a sentimental journey3.Oliver Coldsmish(an outstanding representative of the English sentimentalist)Works: the traveler (heroic couplet) the deserted village (his best poet) the vicar of Wakefield4.Thomas GrayThe leader of the graveyard school5.Edward Young-from night thoughtsEnglish drama1.John Gay-the beggar’s opera2.Richard Brinsley SheridanWorks: the rival the school for scandal (the best English comedy since Shakespeare)浪漫主义时期-18th—19thIt began with the publication of lyrical balladsRomanticism (passion, emotion, natural beauty)Pre-romantic poets加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息111.James Thomson(the first significant poem)2.William BlakeWorks: songs of innocence songs of experience the marriage of heaven and hell3.Robert Burns-“national poet of Scotland”Works: my heart’s in the highlands a red red rose auld langsyneLake poets of the first generation1.William Wordsworth(poet laureate)Finish the lyrical ballad with Samuel Taylor ColeridgeWorks: an evening walk Lucy poems I wondered lonely as a cloud the solitary reaper2.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeMasterpiece: the rime of the ancient mariner (ballad)Others: christabelkubla khan the fall of the bastille3.Robert SoutheyWorks: Joan of arc wattyler the inch cape rock the battle of BlenheimLake poets of the second generation1.George Gordon Byron-“Byronic hero”Masterpiece: son JuanWorks: she walks in beauty when we two parted Hebrew melodies2.Percy Bysshe ShelleyMasterpiece: Prometheus unboundOthers: ode to the west wind ode to a skylark3.John Keats“Beauty is truth, truth beauty”“pure poetry”“art for art’s sake”Works: when I have a fear on melancholy on a Grecian urn to psycheProse writers1.Charles LambTales from Shakespeare essays of Elias old china2.William Hazlitt(the representative of romantic criticism) Critics: lectures on the English poets the spirit of the ageEssays: table talks the plain speaker sketches and essays3.Thomas de QuinceMasterpiece: the confession of an English opium-ente r加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息12Fictions1. Walter Scott (historical novelist)He paves the way to the realism and marked the transition from the romanticism to realismWorks: Ivanhoe (best-known novel) Waverley Marmon3.Jane Austen-the first English woman novelist Pride and prejudice sense and sensibility Emma Mansfield park persuasion Northanger abbey维多利亚时期（1836-1901）Critical realism (novel)The greatest novelist of this time is Charles DickensNaturalism-Darwin’s biological theories-Emile ZolaCritical realist novelists1.Charles DickensThe Pickwick papers Oliver twist Dumbly and son David copper field bleak house hard timesa tale of two cities-“where there is oppression, there is revolution”great expectation2.William Makepeace Thackeray Masterpiece: vanity FairOthers: the book of snobs the newcomes the Virginians3.Charlotte BronteShe is the forerunner of the feminism and the feminism literaryMasterpiece: Jane EyreOthers: Professor Shirley villette4.Emily BronteWuthering heights5.Anne BronteAgnes grey the tenant of the wild fell hall6.Mrs. Gaskell(female writer)Life of charlotte brontemary barton (masterpiece)7.George Eliot(female writer)Adam bede the mill on the floss silasmarner8.Thomas HardyRegarded as transitional writer for “regional novels”Masterpiece: Tess of D’Urbervilles加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息13Others: Jude the obscure under the greenwood tree the return of the native the mayor of caster bridgePoetry1.Alfred Tennyson(“poet of the people”)“T he big three”-Tennyson, browning, ArnoldWorks: break, break, and break in memoriam Ulysses2.Robert BrowningThe most original poet in Victorian age (contribution: dramatic monologues)Works: men and women my last duchess parting at morning meeting at night3.Matthew ArnoldDover Beach (masterpiece) on translating homer现代主义（19世纪末）Modernism (philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis, focusing on private, subjunctive, inner and individual)Novelists1.John Galsworthymasterpiece: the Forsyth saga(福尔赛世家三部曲) includes the man of property, the Indian summer of a Forsyth, in chancery, awakening, to leta modern comedy(现代戏剧三部曲) includes the white monkey, the silver spoon, swan song2.Katherine MansfieldShe is a famous woman writer of short storiesWorks: in a German pension bliss the garden party the dove’s nest something childishPlaywrights1.Oscar WildeThe picture of Dorian gray the happy prince and other tales2.Bernard ShawHe was the greatest dramatist since Shakespeare and accepted Nobel Prize in 1925Works: man and superman major Barbara heartbreak house Pygmalion3.John James OsborneMasterpiece: look back in anger4.Samuel Beckett(爱尔兰戏剧家和小说家，荒诞派戏剧的重要代表人物) Masterpiece: waiting for godotPoets1.W．B．YeatsOne of the greatest poets in the English literature and got Nobel Prize in 1923加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息14Works: sailing to Byzantium Leda and the swan the second coming2. T.S. Eliot Got Nobel prize in 1948The waste land (long poet) four quartets murder in the cathedralThe psychological fictions(心理小说)1. D.H. LawrenceSons and lovers the rainbow woman in love lady Chatterley’s lover the white peacockThe daughter of the vicar the horse dealer’s daughter2. James JoyceForerunner of “stream of consciousness”Works: Dubliners a portrait of the artist as a young man Ulysses Finnegan’s wake Araby3.Virginia Woolf advocator of the feminist movement Mrs. Dalloway to the lighthouse the waves Orlando美国文学殖民地时期和独立革命时期American puritanism (predestination, original sin, total depravity, limited atonement)Writers in colonial period1.John Smith-“the first author”A true relation of Virginia-“the first book”2.William BradfordOf Plymouth plantation3.John WinthropThe history of New EnglandWriters of puritanism1.Anne Bradstreet(female)The tenth muse lately sprung up in America contemplations the flesh and the spirit2.Jonathan EdwardsThe freedom of the will the great doctrine of original sin defended the nature of true virtueWriters in the revolution1.Benjamin FranklinPoor Richard’s almanac (many practical sayings about life)The autobiography (representative work of franklin)加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息152.Roger Williams(puritan dissenters)3.Thomas Paine-the father of American revolutionThe common sense-the greatest of the revolutionary pamphletsThe American crisis the rights of man the age of reason4.Philip Freneau-“a poet if the American Revolution” and “the father of American poetry”The rising glory of American the wild honey suckle5.Thomas JeffersonDeclaration of Independence浪漫主义时期（18世纪末-19中后期）American romanticism advocate individualism and every should fight for individual rightAnd happiness bravelyWriters of pre-romanticism1.Washington Irving-the father of American literatureThe sketch book-mark the beginning of American romanticism2.James Fennimore cooper描写西进运动开创边疆传奇小说Leather stocking tales（the pioneer, the last of Mohicans, the prairie, the pathfinder, the deep slayer）Writers in transcendentalism1. Ralph Waldo EmersonNature-the manifesto(宣言) of American transcendentalismThe American scholar2. Henry David ThoreauMasterpiece: Walden3.Nathaniel Hawthorne-first great American writer of fictionMasterpiece-the scarlet letterThe house of the seven gables twice-told tales mosses from an old manseMosses from an old manse the blithe dale romance4.Herman Melville美国浪漫主义时期成就最高的小说家，擅长写航海奇遇和异域风情Type eomoomoby dick5.Walt Whiteman-the father of free verseLeaves of grass-marked the birth of truly American poetry and praised as democratic bible and American epic6.Emily DickinsonBecause could not stop for death this is my letter to the world加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息167.Edgar Allan PoeHe is the first American professional writer and first writer of detective storyWorks: the fall of the house of usher the raven tales of the grotesque and arabesqueFireside poets1.William Cullen BryantThe Fountain to a waterfowl song of Marion’s men2.Hennery Wadsworth LongfellowHe use native themesA psalm of life voiced of the night现实主义时期（19世纪中期-20世纪初）American realism-concern for common place and the low, offering an objective viewOf human natureAmerican naturalism-evolved from realism and have ironic and pessimistic view to reality改革和废奴主义者1. Harriet Beecher Stowe (female)Uncle Tom’s cabin-“the little woman that wrote the book that made this great war”2. Frederick DouglassMy bondage and freedom现实主义作家1. William Dean Howells (champion of realism)He wrote about middle class and their lifestyleMasterpiece: The Rise of Silas LaphamOthers: Venetian life criticism and fiction a modern instance3.Henry James(描写心里活动)The portrait of a lady the American the turn of the screw乡土文学1.Mark TwainFamous for his colloquial style and localismthe adventure of huckleberry Finn the adventure of tom sawyer roughing it（first）the prince and the pauper(historical romance) 2.Bret HarteThe luck of roaring camp the outcasts of poker flat3.Hamlin Garland加微信：zdwzw001获取更多最新考研信息17。
图表解析TEM-8英语专业八级人文知识语言学
真题解析
35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems? 答案C：Robert Browning 答题说明：本题为文学常识题 文化背景：罗伯特· 勃朗宁（Robert Browning)（18121889），维多利亚时期代表诗人之一。主要作品有《戏剧 抒情诗》、《剧中人物》、《指环与书》等。与丁尼生齐 名，是维多利亚时代两大诗人之一。他以精细入微的心理 探索而独步诗坛，对⒚?0世纪诗歌产生了重要影响。朗宁 对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗（ Dramatic monologue）这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用 它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而 复杂地展示了人的内在心理。
真题解析
32. The first city ever founded in Canada is 答案A：Quebec 答题说明：这个题目其实比较偏，笔者本人也是通过 google 才知道答案。这里需要说明的是，人文知识完全靠 平时点滴积累，考前强化背诵是没有意义的。我们不要指 望人文知识考满分，因为出题者每次总会故意出一两道偏 题。我们只要追求80%正确就不错了。以80分为目标，而 不是100分。另外80分到100分拿到的证书都是一样的专八 “优秀”。
真题解析
36. The Financier was written by 答案D：Theodore Dreiser 答题说明：本题为文学常识题 人文背景：西奥多· 德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser，1871 ～1945），美国小说家。生于印第安纳州特雷霍特镇。父 亲是贫苦的德国移民。他在公立学校接受了早期教育，以 后进印第安纳大学学习。一生的大部分时间从事新闻工作 。走遍芝加哥、匹兹堡、纽约等大城市，广泛深入地观察 了解社会，为日后的文学创作积累了丰富的素材。代表作 ：《嘉莉妹妹》、《金融家》、《美国悲剧》等
人文学科优势的英语作文_专八真题英语作文2篇
人文学科优势的英语作文_专八真题英语作文2篇关于”人文学科优势“的英语作文范文2篇，作文题目：Advantages of Humanities。
以下是关于人文学科优势的专八英语范文，每篇作文均为真题范文带翻译。
关于”人文学科优势“的英语作文范文2篇，作文题目：Advantages of Humanities。
以下是关于人文学科优势的专八英语范文，每篇作文均为真题范文带翻译。
高分英语作文1：Advantages of HumanitiesHow should we read selectively or Extensively We should read selectively or extensively. Everyone has his own opinion. Some people think we should read selectively.They think that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published every day. Wecan't read all the books, right There are many bad books for our mind Harmful, we should not read them, because we can not read all the books, we should not read bad books, we must read selectively, but other people do not agree with them. They emphasize that if you want to succeed, today's society is not what it used to be.If one knows much more in one field and knows nothing in another, you must read and read widely It may be useless to study the knowledge of natural science and humanities, because we must have a lot of knowledge, but we must read widely who isright. There are a lot of words to say. I think we should first read widely and then deeply understand the subjects we are interested in.中文翻译：有选择地还是广泛地阅读我们应该怎样阅读我们应该有选择性地还是广泛地阅读每个人都有自己的观点有些人认为我们应该有选择性地阅读他们认为随着现代科学技术的发展，每天出版的书越来越多，我们不可能把所有的书都读一遍，对吗有许多坏书对我们的心灵有害，我们不应该读它们，因为我们不能读所有的书，我们不应该读坏的书，我们必须有选择地阅读，但其他人不同意他们强调，如果你想成功，今天的社会已经不是过去的样子了，如果一个人在一个领域知道得多，而在另一个领域一无所知，你必须广泛地阅读和学习自然科学和人文学科的知识，他可能是无用的，因为我们必须有许多知识，但是我们必须广泛地阅读谁是正确的，有很多话可以说，双方的论点，我认为我们应该先广泛阅读，然后深入了解我们感兴趣的学科。
英语专业八级 人文知识
专八考试人文知识考试内容的总结涉及到三个方面的内容:英美文学,英语语言学和英语国家概况。
其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。
英国文学主要分为六个时期:1. Old and Medieval English Literature(中古英国文学)。
2. The Renaissance Period(文艺复兴时期)。
3. The Neoclassical Period(新古典主义时期)。
4. The Romantic Period(维多利亚时期)。
5. The Victorian Period(维多利亚时期)。
6. The Modern Period(现代时期)。
美国文学主要分为四个时期:1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence(独立革命前后的文学)。
2. American Romanticism(美国浪漫主义文学)。
3. American Realism(美国现实主义文学)。
4. American Modernism(美国现代主义文学)。
语言学,考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学,音位学,形态学,句法学,语义学和语言学的知识。
关于英语国家概况,英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程,但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况,不光包括英国和美国,还有其他一些说英语的地区,包括爱尔兰概况,加拿大概况,澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。
了解了专业八级考试人文知识的内容以后,下一步我们要做的就是好好学习,抓紧时间去掌握这些必需的知识了。
祝愿大家都能适应新的考试题型,都能考出理想的成绩。
1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学；在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学，音系学3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym :首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NA TO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是Initialism。
英语专业八级考试人文知识题目训练
英语专业八级考试人文知识题目训练Test 11.In Britain, where does the Changing of the Guard take place?a. Buckingham Palace.b. Downing Streetc. Victoria and Albert Museumd. The Tower of London.2. What is a double-decker?a. A busb. A chocolate barc. A Taxid. A two-storey building3. Of all the symbols, ______, which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are those most frequentlyassociated with Easter.a. the pumpkin and the turkeyb. the lamb and the beefc. the spring peas and the potatoesd. the egg and the rabbit4. The first landing by Europeans in Australia was in 1606, but what is their nationality?a. Dutchb. Frenchc. Spanishd. British5.Middle English was used by the poet _______.a. Hardyb. Chaucerc. Shakespeared. Milton6. “A Tale of Two Cities” was written by _______.a. William Shakespeareb. Geoffrey Chaucerc. Charles Dickensd. Thomas Jefferson7. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is not a usualsubject of her poetic expression?a. Religion and immortalityb. Life and deathc. Love and marriaged. War and peace8. What three components, generally, make up a system of a typical language?a. Phonology, syntax, semantics.b. Semiosis, syntax, framesc. Frames, semantics, utterances.d. Sign, sign, signs.9. Of the following word-formation processes, _______is the most productive.a. clippingb. blendingc. initialismd. derivation10. “The pen is mightier than the sword.” Is an example of _______.a. metonymyb. transferred epithetc. oxymorond. metaphorTest 21.What is the affectionate name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster?a. Big Benb. Big Kenc. big Billd. Big Bob2. Which of these sports did not originate in UK?a. Cricketb. Snookerc. Football (Soccer)d. Golf3. Which town has been nicknamed “Tinseltown” by the Americans?a. New Orleansb. Renoc. Hollywoodd. Las Vegas4. Wha t is the other official language in Canada besides English and what is Canada’s capital?a. French, Ottawab. Spanish, Ottawac. Spanish, Torontod. French, Toronto5. Which English poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise L ost?a. John Donneb. John Miltonc. Sir Philip Sidneyd. Edmund Spenser6. _______ died of tuberculosis at the age of 26, but not before leaving an impressive body of poems, including“To Autumn” and Ode on Melancholy”.a. John Keatsb. Lord Byronc. Samuel Taylor Coleridged. Percy Bysshe Shelley7. Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of _______,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.a. Blank verseb. Heroic coupletc. Free versed. Iambic pentameter8. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.a. VOAb. NATOc. BASICd. UNESCO9. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?a. Dormb. Motelc. Gentd. Zoo10. A regional variety of a language that has variations in pronunciation, vocabulary or meaning is called _______.a. accentb. slangc. dialectd. narrativeTest 31.The Channel Tunnel, linking the UK to the rest of Europe, runs between England and _______.a. Franceb. Germanyc. Belgiumd. Netherlands2.What’s the name of the day set apart in USA for planting trees?a. Earth Dayb. Ann Arbor Dayc. Arbor Dayd. Green Day3. What was the name of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to New England in 1620?a. Golden Hindeb. Sunflowerc. Mayflowerd. Titanic4. What are the official colours of Australia?a. Red, White and Blueb. Green and Goldc. Green and Brownd. Green and Red5. _______ is the first important governess novel in the English literary historya. Jane Eyreb. Emmac. Wuthering Heightsd. Middlemarch6. _______ was a pre-Romantic writer and is best known for his Scottish songs.a. Sir Walter Scottb. Robert burnsc. Samuel Taylor Coleridged. William Blake7. Mark Twain did Not write _______.a. The Prince and the Pauperb. The Old Curiosity Shopc. Pudd’nhead Wilsond. Tom Sawyer8. Which of the following is not a dialect of English?a. Slangb. Buffaloc. Americand. Southern9. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _______.a. are complex wordsb. are technical wordsc. refer to the commonest things in lifed. denote the most important concepts10. What is defin ed as “the study of sentence structure”?a. Syntaxb. Phonologyc. Morphologyd. SemanticsText 41.What colour is the British classified business telephone directory?a. Yellowb. Whitec. Blued. Pink2. What does IMF stand for?a. International Monetary Foundation. B. International Monetary Fundc. Internal Money Foundationd. Internal Monetary Fund3. What do Americans celebrate on 4th July?a. Thanksgiving dayb. The Revolutionc. The Discovery of Americad. Independence Day4. What is Canada’s national animal?a. Beaverb. Moosec. Beard. Husky5. Which play by Shakespeare is not a tragedy?a. Titus Andronicusb. Pericles, Prince of Tyrec. Coriolanusd. Timon of Athens6. What is the book Lord of the Flies about?a. A road trip around the USAb. A swarm of killer fliesc. Schoolboys on a desert islandd. An expert pilot7. a. Nathaniel Hawthorne did not write _______.a. The Scarlet Letterb. Twice Told Talesc. The Blithedale Romanced. Vanity Fair8. Morphology is _______.a. how a word’s meaning evolves over timeb. the way a language builds words by putting small, meaningful units togetherc. how a word’s spelling evolves over timed. in what order words are put in a sentence9. Which of the following words can be described as containing an affricate?a. Pillb. Hufflec. Hammerd. Budged10. The word _______ is usually not used by British people.a. tubeb. putc. railroadd. taxiTest 51.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _______.a. the Speakerb. the Lord Chancellorc. The Duke of Edinburghd. the Prime Minister2. Who was the first person to walk on the moon?a. John Glennb. Clint Eastwoodc. Neil Armstrongd. Yuri Gagarin3. How many states are there in the US?a. 49b. 50c. 51d. 524. What is the title of Canada’s national anthem?a. True Patriot Loveb. God Save the Queenc. Canada My Countryd. O Canada5. Who wrote “Where ignorance is bless, it is folly to be wise”?a. Browningb. Marxc. Shakespeared. Kipling6. _______ is the author of “To a Skylark”a. Mary Lambb. John Keatsc. Percy Bysshe Shelleyd. Lord Byron7. Henry David Thoreau’s work, _______, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New EnglandTranscendentalism.a. Waldenb. The pioneersc. Natured. Song of Myself8. What is etymology?a. The history of a wordb. The various ways in which a word can be pronounced.c. The study of unwritten languages.d. The study of dead languages.9. _______ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.a. Rootsb. Stemsc. Affixesd. Compounds10. What is the dominant accent in the United States?a. Midwestb. General Americanc. Southernd. CanadianTest 61.The vegetable, leek, is the emblem for which part of the UK?a. Walesb. Northern Irelandc. Scotlandd. England2. John Lennon is a member of the band of _______ in the 1960s.a. The Beatlesb. The Policec. The Rolling Stonesd. The Eagles3. What is the title of the United States of America’s national anthem?a. America the Beautifulb. We Are the Championsc. God Bless Americad. The Star Spangled Banner4. How many territories are there in Canada?a. 4b. 2c. 3d. 15. In Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society.What kind of animals are the Houyhnhnms?a. Monkeysb. Fishc. Dogsd. Horses6. In which century were Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales written?a. Fourteenthb. Fifteenthc. Sixteenthd. Seventeenth7. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, _______ became the major trend inAmerican literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.a. sentimentalismb. romanticismc. realismd. naturalism8. To which of these language groups does English belong?a. Romanceb. Germanicc. Slavonicd. Baltic9. “Present” and “absent” form a pair of _______.a. conversivesb. gradable antonymsc. complementary antonymsd. marked antonyms10. The morpheme is the smallest syntactical unit. How many morphemes does the word“antidisestablishmentarianism” have?a. 1b. 5c. 7d. 6Text 71.What is the name of the famous stadium in the north of London?a. Wembleyb. Westminsterc. Wimbledond. Webster2. What would you do with a “toad-in-the-hole”?a. Let it out.b. Sing itc. Eat itd. Play it.3. Martin Luther King Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.a. Boycottb. Civil Rightsc. Segregationd. Integration4. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in _______.a. New Brunswickb. Ontarioc. Quebecd. Nova Scotia\5. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia. What does the word mean in Greek?a.Nowhere landb. God’s blessingsc. Kingdom in the skyd. Free from all sorrow6.Where did Aldous Huxley get the title for Brave New World, which presents a chilling vision of a supposedlyideal society? ba. The Bible’s Book of Psalmsb. Shakespeare’s “The Tempest”c. Homer’s “Odyssey”d. Christopher Columbus’ journals7. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their _______. aa. indestructible spiritb. pessimistic view of lifec. war experiencesd. masculinity8. Which of the following does affect the register that we speak in? da. Conversational partnerb. Contextc. Social statusd. Gender9. What is the smallest segment of sound that comprises the basic building blocks of a language?\ da. Morphemesb. Teramemesc. Metamemesd. Phonemes10. The ambiguity in “Pass the port” is caused by _______. da. lexical itemsb. a grammatical structurec. homonymyd. polysemyTest 81.Which of these is the patron saint of Wales? ba. St. Patrickb. St. Davidc. St. Andrewd. St. George2. Where is the official residence of the British Prime Minister? ba. Constitution Hi..b. Downing Streetc. Whitehall Palaced. The Strand3. Which American president freed the slaves?\ ca. Thomas Jeffersonb. George Washingtonc. Abraham Lincolnd. Bill Clinton4. Who said: “We hold these truths to b e self-evident that all men are created equal”? da. Bill Clintonb. George Washingtonc. Richard Nixond. Thomas Jefferson5. Who was the author of the famous storybook Alice’s adventures in Wonderland? ca. Rudyard Kiplingb. John Keatsc. Lewis carold. H. G. Wells.6. Sonnets from the _______ is regarded as Elizabeth Barrett Browing’s best work. ba. Spanishb. Portuguesec. Frenchd. Italian7. Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over _______. aa. Ezra Poundb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Robert Frostd. Emily Dickinson8. The dictionary of a language can be called _______. ca. pragmaticsb. semanticsc. lexicond. grammar9. Which of the following is not associated with “Parentese” (how a n adult talks to a child)? ca. Yes or no questionsb. High pitchc. Long sentencesd. Exaggerated intonation10. The group of words _______ make up a semantic field. ca. “father, teacher, son, brother”b. “red, white, rose, milk”c. sorrow, grief, anguish, regret?d. “socks, slippers, shoes, glass”Test 91.Which famous writer was born in Stratford-upon-Avon?a. Geoffrey Chaucerb. Agatha Christiec. William Shakespeared. Thomas Hardy2. In which year was the independence from England declared?a. 1679b. 1876c. 1776d. 17793. Which of these U. S. A. states has been frequently called “the a rm pit of the Nation”?a. New Jerseyb. Washingtonc. Mained. Montana4. Which of the following is Canada’s national sym bol?a. Sunflowerb. Maple leafc. Golden wattled. Rose5. How many lines does a sonnet have?a. 10b. 12c. 14d. They vary6. _______ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative worksare plays inspired by social criticism.a. Richard Sheridanb. Oliver Goldsmithc. Oscar Wilded. Bernard Shaw7. _______ is the title of the 1818 novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley.a. Spidermanb. Draculac. Frankensteind. The Mummy8. The four major modes of semantic changes are _______.a. Extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationb. Extension, generalization, elevation and degradationc. Extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationd. Extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation9. _______ deals with the distinctive sounds that are combined to make words.a. Lexiconb. Morphologyc. Phonologyd. Semantics10. “Vacuum-clean” resulting from “vacuum-cleaner” is an example of _______.a. clippingb. reduplicationc. compoundingd. back-formationTest 101.The Hundred Years’ War in the history was between England and _______.a. Franceb. Norwayc. Denmarkd. Germany2. Which of the following countries was once called a big empire “on which the sun never sets”?a. Americab. Norwayc. Spaind. Britain3. A Parliament in Britain has a maximum duration of _______ years.a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 54. Which of the following is not a tragedy by Shakespeare?a. Romeo and Julietb. Hamletc. King Leard. The Taming of the Shrew5. Who is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language?a. Shakespeareb. Hemingwayc. Chaucerd. Mark Twain6.Which of the following is a chronicle play by Shakespeare?a. Julius Caesarb. The Twelfth Nightc. A Midsummer Night’s Dreamd. As You Like It7. _______ is the branch of linguistics which studies meaning in language.a. Phonologyb. Morphologyc. Syntaxd. Semantics8. _______ is the branch of linguistics which studies meaning in language.a. Phonologyb. Morphologyc. Syntaxd. Semantics9. “Alive” and “dead” are _______ antonyms.a. relationalb. gradablec. symmetricd. complementary10. _______ is the study of the production, transmission, and reception of speech sounds.a. Phonologyb. Morphologyc. Syntaxd. PhoneticsTest 111.Which university is the oldest one in Britain?a. Oxfordb. Cambridgec. Edinburghd. Glasgow2. The Reuters is a famous news agency in _______.a. Franceb. Germanyc. Americad. Britain3. The most typically English of sports is _______.a. soccerb. cricketc. horse racingd. golf4. “The Red Badge of Courage” was written by _______.a. Jack Londonb. Stephen Cranec. Hamilin Garlandd. S. Anderson5. Fitzgerald’s first novel was _______.a. The Beautiful and Damnedb. This Side of Paradisec. The Great Gatsbyd. Tender Is Night6. The theme of The Waste Land is _______.a. loveb. spiritual quest for salvationc. deathd. nature7. Wallace Stevens was a successful _______.]a. poetb. essayistc. novelistd. critic8. Chinese is a(n) _______ language.a. isolatingb. agglutinativec. fusionald. incorporating9. _______ validity refers to the extent to which the best adequately covers the syllabus area to be tested.a. Contentb. Constructc. Empiricald. Face10. Sentence (a) “He married a blonde heiress.” _______ sentence (b) “He married a blonde.”a. presupposesb. implicatesc. entailsd. negatesTest 121.The singing group the Beatles was formed in _______.a. the early 1960sb. the early 1970sc. the late 1960sd. the late 1970s2. The most popular sport in England is _______.a. soccerb. cricketc. rugbyd. golf3. _______ is the base where America originateda. the Midwestb. the Southc. the Great Plainsd. New England4. Napoleon sold the _______ Territory to the United States for only 15 million dollars.a. Coloradob. Louisianac. New Mexicod. Texas5. _______ introduced the technique of the stream of consciousness in his writing.a. Shakespeareb. James Joycec. Thomas Hardyd. William6. Edgar Allan Poe was a _______.a. novelist and criticb. poet and criticc. novelist and poetd. playwright and novelist7. _______ was called “inventor of detective stories”.a. Washington Irvingb. Fennimore Cooperc. Edgar Allan Poed. Nathaniel Hawthorne8. _______ are of the complementary type of antonyms.a. Sell-buyb. Long-shortc. Good-badd. Single-married9. Which is created by cutting the initial part of a word?a. Vanb. Profc. Biked. Telly10. The word “holiday” originally meant holy day, but now the word signifies any day on which we do not have towork. This is an example of _______.a. meaning shiftb. widening of meaningc. narrowing of meaningd. loss of meaningTest 13.1._______ was the president of the United States during the Great Depression.a. Thomas Jeffersonb. John F. Kennedyc. Franklin Rooseveltd. Truman2. _______ was involved in the Watergate Scandal.a. Nixonb. Rooseveltc. Trumand. Ford3. The Presidency Election is held every _______ years in America.a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 64. The Master’s colleges and universities in America offer _______ degrees.a. BAb. Master’sc. BA and Master’sd. doctoral5. “Scarlet Letter” is one of the greatest American novels. It is written by _______.a. Nathaniel Hawthorneb. Wallace Stevenc. Francisd. Willa Cather6. _______ was the first to explore fully the possibility of free verse in American history of literature.a. Ralph Waldob. Stephen Cranec. Walt Whitmand. Robert Frost7. Mark Twain was well-known as a _______.a. criticb. humoristc. poetd. playwright8. Which is not a blending word?a. baby-sitb. transistorc. moteld. smog9. The thematic role which deliberately performs the action described by the verb is _______.a. instrumentb. sourcec. agentd. theme10. Which of the following languages does not belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family?a. Italianb. Englishc. Germand. DutchTest 141.Which of the following American higher education institution does not offer BA degree?a. Junior Collegesb. Research universitiesc. Doctoral universitiesd. Master’s colleges and universities2. Yale and Harvard Universities are funded by the following except _______.a. the tuition fees paid by the studentsb. the donations by corporations and religious organizationsc. individuals’ donationsd. the governments at all levels3. The unique contribution to architecture by Americans was the _______ in the late 19th century.a. skyscraperb. expresswayc. bridgesd. tall towers4. Theodore Dreiser was the representative of the _______.a. transcendentalistsb. modernistsc. naturalistsd. existentialists5. “The Waste Land” was written by _______.a. Thomas Stearns Eliotb. Walt Whitmanc. Emily Dickinsond. Robert Frost6. Which of the following American writers did not win a Nobel Prize for Literature?a. Ernest Hemingwayb. T.S. Eliotc. John Steinbeckd. Richard Wright7. The word “_______” does not have the semantic property of “cause”.a. darkenb. killc. uglifyd. touch8. _______ is/are not included in Pragmatics.a. Speech actsb. Presuppositionsc. Dexisd. Pronunciation9. _______ is defined as the study of language in use and linguistic communication.a. Pragmaticsb. Sociolinguisticsc. Neurolinguisticsd. Contextual linguistics10. _______ carry semantic content.a. Grammatical wordsb. Form wordsc. Lexical wordsd. FunctionsTest 151. Elvis Presley was the representative of _______ in American history.a. country musicb. discoc. jazzd. rock’ n’ roll2. Thanksgiving Day is on the _______ Thursday in Novembera. 1stb. 2ndc. 3rdd. 4th3. The National Day of the American people is on _______.a. June 4b. July 4c. June 14d. July 144. “Invisible Man” probes the existential status of a _______.a. Jewishb. Negroc. Whited. Hispanic5. Which of the following is a woman writer?a. Ralph Ellisonb. Saul Bellowc. James Baldwind. Willa Cather6. “Long Day’s Journey Into Night” was written by _______a. Sherwood Andersonb. William Faulknerc. Eugene O’Neild. Bernard Shaw7. Which of the following was not written by Ernest Hemingway?a. The Sun Also Risesb. For Whom the Bell Tollsc. Tender is the Nightd. A Clean, Well-Lighted Place8. Which of the following words are minimal pairs?a. beg, bagb. my, flyc. Cat, slightd. it, intelligent9. “Man” and “men” are _______ allomorphs.a. replaciveb. suppletivec. zerod. positional10. _______ includes the study of linguistic variation, linguistic change, and sociocultural factors that influencelanguage use.a. Pragmaticsb. Sociolinguisticsc. Neurolinguisticsd. Contextual linguisticsTest 16.1.The longest city in Canada is A_______.a. Torontob. Montrealc. Vancouverd. Quebec City2. English is the language most commonly spoken throughout Canada Except _______.a. Torontob. Montrealc. Vancouverd. Quebec3. Today in Canada, services in almost all modern institutions work in _______.a. Englishb. English and Frenchc. English and Spanishd. English and Dutch4. Fitzgerald usually dealt with the double theme of _______.a. hatred and loveb. hatred and warc. love and moneyd. money and death5. The Sound and Fury was written by _______.a. Sinclair Lewisb. Theodore Dreiserc. F. Scottd. William Faulkner6. Main Street is a masterpiece of _______.a. transcendentalismb. naturalismc. modernismd. provincialism7. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” is a _______ poem.a. dramaticb. meditativec. satiricald. philosophical8. _______ deals with the analysis and creation of words, idioms, and collocations.a. Morphologyb. Lexiconc. Morphophonologyd. Morphophonemics9. Which of the following is not a fricativea. /f/b. /v/c. /s/d. /tr/10. An artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages is called a _______.a. pidginb. lingua francac. creoled. slangKeystest 1 a a d a b c d a d a test 2 a b c a b a c a b c test 3 a c c b a b b a c a test 4 a b d a b c d b d c test 5 d c b d c c a a c b test 6 a a d c d a c b c d test 7 a c b c a b a d d d test 8 b b c d c b a c c c test 9 c c a b c d c a c d test 10 a d d d a a a d d d test 11 a d b b b b a a a c test 12 a a d b b a c d a b test 13 c a c c a c a a c a test 14 a d a c a d d d a c test 15 d d b b d c c a a b test 16 a d b c d b b b d a。
专八人文知识汇总_自我总结版
第一章英语国家概括第一节英国概括Ⅰ地理有四个部分组成great Britain（England，Wales，Scotland）and northern IrelandⅡ地理特征最短的海峡strait of Dover 多佛海峡1 England the pennies 英格兰最主要的山脉2 Scotland three natural zone ：the highlands central lowlands the southern uplands ，首都是Edinburgh ，river Clyde 克莱德河是最重要的河流，3 Wales Cardiff 最大的城市和首府4 northern Ireland Belfast 英国最大的湖是内伊湖（Lough Neagh）5 Rivers and lakes最长的是Severn river（赛文河），第二长和最重要的是泰晤士河，（Thames river），典型的海洋性气候（maritime climate）Ⅲ人口60million ，英国人是Anglo-Saxons，苏格兰人hospitable and generous，Wales are emotional and cheerful people，北爱尔兰的官方语言是爱尔兰语，其次才是英语ethic groups 伦敦是最大的少数名族聚居区ⅣHistory：1 first settlers are Lberians （伊利比亚人）2 1066（Norman conquer）1215 （大宪章）1337—1453（英法百年战争）1381（农民起义）1458（玫瑰战争，1350-1650（Renaissance）1642-1646（first civil war ），1658（the restoration 王朝复辟）1688（the glorious revolution）Ⅴ教育实行的是5-16岁都必须前去学习ⅥReligionEstablished churches分为the Church of England（official church ，英国君主必须是这个教的成员主教和大主教由monarch 指定）and the Church of Scotland（Presbyterian，长老教会）Unestablished churches: the Anglican churches 英国圣公会，the free churches 自由教，the roman catholic church 天主教Ⅶ主要节日Christmas day December 25th Easter 复活节（主要的天主教节日）whit Sunday（圣灵降临节，复活节后的第7个周日）Gay Fawkes day （盖伊福克斯之夜，11月5日，燃放烟火的节日）Ⅷsports ，足球是最受欢迎的（职业足球从August 到May），最典型的英国运动是cricket，板球）网球（annual Wimbledon fortnightⅨArts 博物馆（the British museum，the national history museum .the national army museum ,the national gallery）Music (甲壳虫乐队，the Beatles ,first national music day was held in 1992,the most famous music festival is the Edinburgh international festival of music and dramaⅩmedia (BBC ,daily Express Daily mail daily mirror , daily star ,financial times ,the Guardian, the times (泰晤士报)the observer (the first Sunday newspaper)ⅪPoliticalconstitutional monarchy，没有宪法，全靠惯例，parliament （the house of lord and the house of commons，任期为五年）political party ：labor party(Whigs 辉格党) and conservative party（Tories 托利党）第二节美国概括Ⅰyellow National park（大平原地带），大峡谷（the grand canvon ,in Arizona ,phoenix is the largest city in the intermountain region ,the largest commercial city( san Francisco, also the second largest city in California ）ⅡAlaska and Hawaii (Alaska 居住着Inuits，also called Eskimos)Hawaii （Mauna Loa ，莫纳罗亚山，the world’s largest active volcano，盛产sugar cane and pineapple，首府是Honolulu）Ⅲ地理特征1 两大主要山脉是，Appalachian mountains and rocky mountains ，2 the Mississippi river （greatest continental rivers，American Ruhr ），Ohio river（俄亥俄河）3 the great lakes：lake Michigan（唯一一个在美国境内），lake superior（世界上最大的淡水湖），the lake Huron（休伦湖）lake Erie（伊利湖）and lake Ontario（安大略湖）Ⅳhistory1620，201 pilgrim，mayflower,1774(September, first continental congress), on April 19 ,1775 (,the second continental congress),1776( declaration of independence) , in September 1783, （英国承认其独立，签署停火协议），1789（established federal government），1812（和英国开战，认识到强大的联邦政府的重要）1861-1865（civil war）,gilded age (镀金时代，国内战争到20世纪初)，1949（north Atlantic treaty），1950s （civil rights movement）1950-1975（the Vietnam war），1972（Watergate scandal）1972 (访华)，1979（中美建交）ⅤAmerican political美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法，（1789讨论成立，国会两院，三分之二以上赞成便可以对宪法进行修改。
(完整版)英语专业八级人文知识试题及
2021 年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1.The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organization Bsentence structures Cword formationD language functions2.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3.The speech act theory was first put forward by__.4.The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5.U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7.The state church in England is __.8.The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB Elizabeth9.Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10.William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD2021 年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案PART III GEBERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31 The full official name of Australia is A. The Republic of Australia. B. The Union of Australia. C. The Federation of Australia. D. The Commonwealth of Australia.32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT A. its mineral resources. B. its heavyindustries. C. its forest resources. D. its fertile and arable land.33. In the United States community college offer A. two-year programmes. B. four-year programmes. C. postgraduate studies. D. B.A. or B.S. degrees.34.In ______, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly.A. 2000B. 1946C. 1990D. 199735.Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration? A. A weak seat. B.Knock and kick. C. Safe and sound. D. Coal and boat.36.Who wrote Mrs. Warr en?s profession? A. George Bernard Shaw. B. William Butler Yeats.C. John Galsworthy.D. T.S. Eliot.37. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n) A. autobiography. B. short story. C. poem. D. novel.38.Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme? A. Unlock. B. Government. C. Goes. D. Off-stage.39.________is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to. A. Collocation B. Onomatopoeia C. Denotation D. Assimilation40.The sentence “ Closeyour book and listen to me carefully! performs〞a(n) _______function. A. interrogative B. informative C. performative D. directivekeys:31-35 DBADC36-40 ADCBD2021 年英语专业八级真题 (word 版)人文知识局部31.The Maori people are natives ofA.Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32.The British monarch is the Head ofA.Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33.Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34.Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.35.Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A.George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C.Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36.Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A.William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.37."The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an exampleof A. exaggeration. B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39.Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.Keys:31-35 DBACD 36-40 ACBDA2021 专八人文知识真题参照答案31.The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______. A. Northern Ireland B. Wales C. EnglandD.Scotland32.It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores. A. the French B. the Germans C. the British D. the Dutch33.Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? A. Canada. B. New Zealand. C. Great Br itain.D.The United States of America.34.Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? A. Th omas Jefferson. B. Thomas Paine. C. John Adams.D.Benjamin Franklin.35.Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England. A.poet B. biographer C. playwright D. novelist36.______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's histor y.37.Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century? A. The Great Gatsby . B. The Sun Also Rises. C. The Sound and the Fury. D. Beyond the Horizon.38._______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39.A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________. A. absence of obstructi on B. presence of obstruction C. manner of articulation D. place of articulation40.The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by anindivid ual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________. A. Pidgin B. Creole C. Multilingualism D. BilingualismKeys:31-35 BDABD 36-40 CACAC2021 年英语专八人文知识真题答案31.Which of the following is INCORRECTA.The British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 12156B.The British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC.The British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of lawD： The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32.The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A. 1770 B. 1788C. 1900D. 190 134.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by A. Abraham Lincoln B. Thomas Paine C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson35 ． Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems? A. Will BlakeB. W.B.YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as —————— A. alle goryB. sonnetC. blank verseD. rhyme38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introd uction39.The word “ motel comes〞 from “ motor–hotel 〞This. is an example of “⋯〞in morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym40． Language is tool of communication, the symbol“ highway closed〞servesA. an express functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive fu nctionKeys:31-35 DADAC36-40 DAACB2021 年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31.The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A. the governor-generalB. the Prime MinisterC. the high commissionerD. the monarch of United Kingdom32.The capital of Scotland is ______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. ManchesterD. London33.Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President ?A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Thomas PaineD. John Adams34.Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?A. PerthB. AdelaideC. SydneyD. Melbourne35.Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A. Willian BlakeB. Willian WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridegeD. Percy Bysshe Shelley36.Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser37.The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A. Thomas HardyB. John GalworhtyC. D.H. Lawrence D. James Joyce38.The sstudy of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A. corpus linguisticsB. socialinguisticsC. theoretical linguisticsD. psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A. dialectB. idiolectC. pidginD. register40. When a speake expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ______.A. an illocutionary actB. a perlocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the aboveKey: 31-35 DBACD 36-40 BCDCA2021 年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31.The largest city in Canada is_______.A. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32.According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in________.A. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.33.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.34.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is__________.A. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their wayto Canterbury, is an important poetic work by__________.A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36.Who wrote The American?A.Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C.Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37.All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPT_____.A.George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.38.Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.39. What type of sentence is“ Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.〞? A. A simple sentence. B. Acoordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.40.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called______.A. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.Key： 31-35 BCADB 36-40 CDACD2007 年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案31. The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribesrespectively EXCEPT_____.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by___.A.the MonarchB.the PresidentC.the Prime MinisterD.the Governor-general33.The Declaration of Independence was written by__.A.Thomas JeffersonB.George WashingtonC.Alexander HamiltonD.James Madison34.The original inhabitants of Australia were____.A.the Red IndiansB.the EskimosC.the AboriginesD.the Maoris35.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A.Oliver TwistB.MiddlemarchC.Jane EyreD.Wuthering Heights36.William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A.AmericanB.CanadianC.IrishD.Australian37.Death of a Salesman was written by_____.A. Arthur MillerB.Ernest HemingwayC.Ralph EllisonD.James Baldwin38._______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.SemanticsD.Sociolinguistics39.The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____.(完满版)英语专业八级人文知识试题及A.lexicalB.syntacticC.phonologicalD.psycholinguistic40. The word tail once referred to “ the tail of a horse 〞, but now it is used to mean “ t animal.〞This is an example of_____.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaningKey: CDACD CABDA2006 年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was_____.A. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand is_____.A.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_____.A . the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A. T.S.EliotB.C. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___.A. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O'NeilD. Ernest Hemingway37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A. Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_____.A.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.context39.The words"kid,child,offspring" are examples of__.A. dialectal synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by_____.A.HalliayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.SaussureKey： 31-35BCADA 36-40 DBDBD2005 年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1.The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organization Bsentence structures Cword formationD language functions2.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3.The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A John ScarlB Johan AustinC Noarn ChomskyD M.A.K Halliday4.The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5.U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7.The state church in England is __.A The BaptistB The Roman CatholicC The Protestant ChurchD The Church of England8.The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB ElizabethC Gaskell Charlotte BronteD Mary Shelley9.Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10.William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD。
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玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革：
Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。
亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教， 改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。
1865年，第13修正案终结了奴隶制。
经济发展
镀金时代gilded age，借自马克吐温的书名，指内战到20世纪初，工业发展
亨利福特henry ford大规模生产汽车，莱特兄弟wright brothers设计第一架飞机升天，都在这个时候
1920s的大萧条与新政the great depression and the new deal
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美国概况
国旗：13条状红白相间，代表original的13个州，50颗星，代表50个州
1492年，哥伦布发现新大陆，Christopher Columbus.
议会组成
House of lords 上议院 house of commons 下议院 下议院最有权力
政党：工党Labor Party 和Conservative Party保守党，政党的领导人是总理
Tony Blair是有史以来最年轻的工党领导人，总理。
枢密院 the Privy Council，是国家执行力机构，chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council
三权分立checks and balances
立法，执法，司法三权分立，legislative，executive，judicial，国会可立法，总统可否决，国会可通过三分之二选票再次通过，总统不可否决，但最高法院可以判定它违反宪法而否决它。
宪法修正案provisions for amendment
1950s民权运动the civil rights movement
罗莎•帕克Rosa Parks,一位黑人女性，阿拉巴马，她拒绝给白人让座，被捕。马丁路德金开始领导黑人抵制。1956年，最高法院宣布阿拉巴马州的segregation laws unconstitutional。
越南战争the vietnam war1950-1975(打了25年，有够长的)
为了实施对共产主义的牵制政策，the policy of containment of communism,美国与越南战争，结果这是美国有史以来最长的战争。1973年美国和北越南north vietnam签署停火协议，cease-fire agreement。简单来说，越南当时像朝鲜般南北分裂，南方是社会主义的，北方是当时的统治阶级，南方想要解放全国，统一南北。美国横插一脚，支持北方，搞了25年，最终还是南方的社会主义胜利，统一了全国。西贡Saigon是原来的首都，后来改名为胡志明市Ho Chi Minh City。
独立战争the war of independence
1774年，第一届大陆国会continental congress在费城philadelphia召开，呼吁抵制英国货
1775年，lexington（列克星敦）和concord（康科德）打仗独立战争开始。同年，第二届大陆会议在费城召开，乔治•华盛顿为领导人
中美关系
1972年，Nixon总统访华，签署上海公报Shanghai Communique。1979年，中美建交。
美国宪法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文宪法。共有7个articles。
Articla I，the Legislative Article立法
只有国会有权立法，two-chamber system，包括senate参议院，house of representatives众议院。参议院100人，每个州来两人，众议院基于每个州的人口比例设立席位。
自1583年开始，英国在新大陆Newfoundland开始殖民统治，1900日不落帝国形成， “on which the sun never set”
君主政体
英国是君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。Head of the commonwealth 是女王，现在是伊丽莎白二世。
国教established chruches：在英国church of england，在苏格兰church of scotland
非国教 unestablished churches：英国圣公会anglican chruches，自由教free churches，天主教roman catholic church
1861-1865，打了四年，北方胜利，北方为联邦军union army，南方为邦联军confederate army。
林肯有名的葛底斯堡演说gettysburg address“that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”
1776年，汤玛斯•杰佛逊起草独立宣言
1783年，巴黎条约签署treaty of paris，英国承认美国独立。
1812年战争，the war of 1812
美国和英国间的最后一场战争，对美国影响很深，人们意识到强大的政府的重要性，加强了统一感和爱国感
美国内战the civil war
The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。
议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。
工会和工党 Trade Unions and Labor Party
工人意识到联合的重要性，于是工会出现，Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立，是全国的ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้公会，后来Trade Union Congress 开始。
殖民扩张Colonial Expansion
因为越南战争，美国国力下降，社会分歧，形象下降。
水门事件（Watergate scandal，或译水门丑闻）是美国历史上最不光彩的政治丑闻之一，其对美国本国历史以及整个国际新闻界都有着长远的影响，在1972年的总统大选中，为了取得民主党内部竞选策略的情报，1972年6月17日，以美国共和党尼克松Nixon竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯•麦科德（James W. McCord, Jr.）为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室，在安装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时，当场被捕。由于此事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布将于次日辞职，从而成为美国历史上首位辞职的总统。
前十条宪法修正案称为bill of rights权利和自由法案
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司法特点：no single legal system, no complete code,法律的来源包括：statutes法令，大量的common law，equity law衡平法，european community law。
二战后英国经济的发展
50s-60s稳定发展阶段，70s经济萧条，80s经济恢复：撒切尔夫人Mrs. Thatcher当选总理，推行中期财政计划Medium-term Financial Strategy
Article II，Executive Article执法
总统任期4年
Article III，Judicial Article 司法
Supreme Court是国家的最高法院，以下是联邦法院federal court，最高法院和联邦法院的法官是总统任命，法官是终身职位。唯有最高法院有权解释宪法。
文艺复兴运动 The English Renaissance
文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。
英国内战 The Civil Wars
是国王和议会间的战争，Norttingham King Charles和议会开战，国王军是Cavaliers(骑士)，议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)，因为他们短发。查尔斯战败，克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命，因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度，甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度，被认为是世界现代史的开端。
英格兰面积最大
苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府
威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府
北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府
伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。