专升本考试定语从句的翻译

• The car whose engine was out of order has been repaired. • 发动机出故障的那辆车已经修好了。
• In the room where the electronic is kept, there must be no dust at all. • 在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有 一点儿灰尘。 • 多用于简短的限定性定语从句，少数 简短的非限定性定语从句
• 7.Electronic computers，which have many advantages，cannot carry out creative work and replace man.
• 尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性工 作，也不能代替人。
• 8.We have to oil the machine，the friction （摩擦）of which may be greatly reduced.
• There was something original， independent，about the plan that pleased all of them. • 这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，因 此他们都很喜欢。 （表示结果）
• He insisted on buying another house， which he had no use for. • 他坚持要再买一幢房子，尽管他并无此需 要。（表让步） • She wants to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. • 她想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这个 事的关注。（表目的）
• A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. • 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能 够燃烧并放出热量。 • 译成并列结构，视情况可译出关系 词所指代的内容
Leabharlann Baidu
• 多用于非限制性定语从句中 • This type of meter（仪表） is called a multimeter，which is used to measure electricity. • 这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电。
• 我们必须给机器加润滑油，以使摩擦大大减少。
III 补充
• • • • • • • • • • 一些后置定语的翻译 1.现在分词 On the day following father got up very early. 第二天父亲很早就起床了。 The man sitting at the desk is my uncle. 坐在书桌旁边的那个男人是我的叔叔。 The man who is sitting at the desk is my uncle. That building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那座楼是我们的图书馆。 That building which is being repaired is our library.
• 3.融合法
• There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. • 楼下有人要见你。 • 用于限定性定语从句，突出从句的意 义 •
• 4.译成状语从句
• 注意句子间的逻辑关系：因果、让步、 目的、条件 • You must grasp the concept of “work” （功） which is very important in physics. • 你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物 理学中很重要。（表示原因）
• 限制性定语从句--修饰限定 • Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. • 非限制性定语从句--补充解释 • Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
先行词和关系词的关系 1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
• • • • •
2.过去分词 I am interested in everything found. 我对发现的一切都很感兴趣。 I am interested in everything that I found. Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun? • 你看过鲁迅写的短篇小说吗? • Have you read any short stories that were written by Lu Xun?
Exercises
• 1. This is the place where the workers’ and peasants’ Red Army made the crossing in 1934. • 这就是工农红军1934年渡江的地方。 • 2.The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity. • 使一切东西落向地面的力称为重力。 • 3.This is a college of vocational，the students of which are trained to be engineers in construction. • 这是一所职业学院，该校学生将被培养建筑工程 师。
• Last week I saw Modern Times with Charles Chaplin playing the leading role, which I think one of the most amusing films. • ( and I think it…) • 上周我看了Charles Chaplin 主演的 《摩登时代》， 我认为这是最有趣的 影片之一。
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
4.The school where I study is far from my home.
in the school = where 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
II 定语从句的翻译
• 1.前置法
• The points which professor Smith stressed in his speech are worth paying attention to. • 史密斯教授在发言中强调的那几点值得特 别注意。 • 常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字， 放在被修饰词之前
• • • • • • • •
3.不定式 He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来的。 The nurse had a lot of patients to look after. 那位护士有许多病人要照顾。 There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. 有许多困难要我们去克服。 不定式作后置定语较特殊，翻译的时候，一般定 语是放在中心语后面 • Are you going to the ball to be held tonight? • 你打算参加今晚举行的舞会吗?
the machine = that
2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose
• 6.Rubber(橡胶) is a light, elastic（有弹性的）, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important.
• 橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用和防水的材料，因 此橡胶工业很重要。
• 4.After dinner，the four key negotiators resumed their talks，which continued well into the night. • 饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈 到深夜。 • 5.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays（光线）than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. • 我们知道，猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚， 因为猫的 眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线。
定语从句的翻译
I 英汉对比
• This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
• 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建 的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 • 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃 了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。
• Yesterday I saw a very good movie, which was about American Independent.
• 昨天我看了一部关于美国独立战争的 好影片。
• 2.后置法
• They are striving for the ideal which is cherished by every Chinese. • 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个 理想是每个中国人所珍视的。
VI 汉英翻译
• 定语的位置： • 英语中，单词，短语，从句等都可 作为定语。一般来说，单词放在所 修饰的名词前，短语与从句放其后。
• 一位和蔼的人 • a kind man
Exercises
• 1. This is the place where the workers’ and peasants’ Red Army made the crossing in 1934. • 2.The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity. • 3.This is a college of vocational，the students of which are trained to be engineers in construction. • 4.After dinner，the four key negotiators resumed their talks，which continued well into the night. • 5.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays（光线）than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. • 6.Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important. • 7.Electronic computers，which have many advantages， cannot carry out creative work and replace man. • 8.We have to oil the machine，the friction（摩擦）of which may be greatly reduced.