四六级中国文化翻译复习参考

翻译练习

1．春节是是中国的农历新年。在中国的传统节日中，这是一个最重要、最热闹的节日。中国人过春节有很多传统习俗。除夕之夜，是家人团聚的时候。一家人围坐在一起，吃一顿丰盛的年夜饭(New Year’s Eve dinner)，说说笑笑，直到天亮，这叫守岁（staying up to see the year out）。除夕零点的钟声一响，人们还要吃饺子。从初一开始，人们要走亲戚、看朋友，互相拜年（greet each other）。拜年，是春节的重要习俗。放爆竹（set off firecrackers）是春节期间孩子们最喜欢的活动。传说燃放爆竹可以驱妖除魔（drive off evil spirits）。

Spring Festival is the New Year in Chinese lunar calendar. Among the traditional Chinese festivals, this is the most important and the most bustling festival. Chinese have many traditional customs relating to the Spring Festival. New Year’s Eve is the time for a happy reunion of all the family members, when they sit around the table to have a bumper New Year’s Eve dinner, talking and laughing, until daybreak, which is called “staying up to see the year out”. When the bell tolls midnight on New Year’s Eve, people eat dumplings. From the first day of the lunar year, people visit relatives and friends, to greet each other, which is an important custom for the Spring Festival. Setting off firecrackers is the favorite activity of children in the Spring Festival, which could drive off evil spirits according to legend.

2．农历八月十五（the 15th day of the eighth lunar month），是中国的传统节日中秋节（Mid-Autumn Festival）。这天晚上，天上的月亮又圆又亮。人们把圆月看作团圆美满的象征，所以中秋节又被称为“团圆节”( Festival for Reunion)。按照传统习惯，中国人要一边赏月(admire the moon) 一边品尝月饼。因为月饼是圆的，象征着团圆，所以有的地方叫它“团圆饼”。秋天，人们一年的劳动有了收获。中秋节的晚上，全家人坐在一起赏月、吃月饼，心里充满了丰收(bumper harvest) 的喜悦和团聚的欢乐。这时，远离家乡的人们也会仰望明月，思念故乡和亲人。

The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is Chinese traditional Mid-Autumn Festival. On the night of the day, the moon seems full and particularly bright. Since people consider the full moon as the symbol of reunion and completeness, the festival is also called the Festival for Reunion. On that day, the Chinese have the custom of admiring the moon and eating moon cakes. As the moon cake is round, symbolizing reunion, it is sometimes called “reunion cake”. In autumn, people reap the harvests of their year’s labor. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the whole family filled with happiness for the bumper harvest and a family reunion will sit together to admire the moon and eat moon cakes. At that time, people far away from hometown will also look up at (to) the moon and miss their home town and family.

3．英语中的“china”一词有两个意义，一个是中国，一个是瓷（porcelain）。西方人很早就把中国与瓷器联

系在一起，这是因为瓷器是中国人发明的。瓷器是从陶器(pottery) 发展来的，如果从生产原始瓷器的商代（Shang Dynasty）算起，中国的瓷器大约有三千多年的历史了。江西景德镇被称为中国的“瓷都”(the Capital of Porcelain）。中国瓷器不仅是精美的日用品，也是珍贵的艺术品。自汉唐（Han and Tang dynasties）以来，中国瓷器就大量销往国外，中国的制瓷技术也逐渐传遍世界各地。

“China”in English has two meanings: China as a country and china as porcelain. Westerners have linked the country of China with porcelain since a long time ago, because the technique of manufacturing porcelain was originally invented in China. Porcelain was developed on the basis of pottery. If calculated from the appearance of the primitive porcelain in the Shang Dynasty, it has a history of about 3000 years. Jingdezhen, a city in Jiangxi Province was known as the Capital of Porcelain. Chinese porcelain wares are not only fine daily necessities, but also precious arts and crafts. From the Han and Tang dynasties, Chinese porcelain wares and their manufacturing techniques gradually spread all over the world.

4．中国茶历史悠久，是中国文化的一部分。中国茶种类很多，深受外国友人的喜爱。中国人喜欢喝茶，也常常用茶来招待朋友和客人。茶树原产于中国。中国古人发现茶树后，起初是把茶叶作为药用，后来才当做饮料。中国茶叶按照制作方法分为绿茶、红茶（black tea）、乌龙茶（oolong tea）、花茶（scented tea）、等几大类，各种茶又包括许多品种。喝茶不但可以止渴，还能消除疲劳，帮助消化，预防一些疾病。长期饮茶，对人的身体健康很有益处。

Tea has a long history in China and it is part of Chinese culture. There are a variety of good tea which attract many foreigners. The Chinese people like drinking tea, and often entertain friends and guests with it. China is the homeland of tea. The ancient Chinese first used it for medicinal purposes before developing tea as a drink. As regards the method of making tea, the Chinese tea variety can be classified into green tea, black tea, oolong tea, scented tea, each consisting of many types. Drinking tea can satisfy one’s thirst, dispel fatigue, help digestion and prevent some diseases. The constant drinking of tea is quite beneficial for people’s health.

5．京剧（Beijing Opera）是中国流行最广、影响最大的一个剧种，有近200年的历史。京剧在形成过程中吸收了许多地方戏的精华，又受到北京方言和风俗习惯的影响。京剧是一种唱(Chang)、念(Nian)、做(Zuo)、打(Da)并重的艺术。京剧演员分生（Sheng）、旦(Dan)、净(Jing)、丑(Chou)四个行当。京剧作为中国民族戏曲的精华，在国内外都有很大的影响。许多外国人专门到中国来学唱京剧。许多京剧表演艺术家也曾到世界各地访问演出，受到各国人民的喜爱。

Beijing Opera is the most popular and influential opera in China with a history of almost 200 years. In the course of its formation, it assimilated the best from many other local operas and was affected by Beijing local