汉译英——主语的确定

三．所选主语必须符合英美人的思维视角.
1. 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.
2. 由于计划不周，他不仅浪费了时间，而且 浪费了所有的钱。 • Poor planning wasted all his money as well as his time.
7. 调查研究能解决这个难题。 • This problem can be solved through investigation. • Through investigation, this problem can be solved. • Investigation will enable this problem to be solved.
11. 从王教授那里能解决这个难题。 • We/ One /You can solve this problem with the help from Professor Wang. • This problem can be solved with the help from Professor Wang. • With Professor Wang’s help, this problem can be solved. • Professor Wang’s help means the solving of the problem. 12. 把技术人员的积极性调动起来能解决这个难题。 • This problem can be solved by bring into play the positive factor of the technical staff. • Bring into play the positive factor of the technical staff, and this problem can be solved. • The solution of this problem lies in bring into play the positive factor of the technical staff.
5. 那个地方能解决这个难题。 • This problem can be solved at that place. • A solution can be found to this problem at that place. • At that place this problem can be solved. • That place is where this problem can be solved. 6. 1000万元能解决这个难题。 • This problem can be solved with ten million yuan. • Ten million yuan will enable this problem to be solved.
汉语句子的主语（赵元任）
• • • • • • 1.名词性主语 2. 动词性主语 （不走也行） 3. 表时间处所条件的词语 4.介词引出动作者作主语（由主席召开会议） 5. 别的介词短语 6. 主谓主语
汉英翻译时主语的选择问题应ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ遵循的原则：
一.增补主语，可以使句子成为地道的英语句式。 1. 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友 好城市。 It is hoped / anticipated that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. 2. 改革开放胆子要大一些，要敢于试验 • We must be courageous enough to venture on experiences as far as reforms are concerned.
五．主语要依据上下行文的需要进行选择
• 柯灵，生于1909年，浙江省绍兴人。中国现代作家。 1926年发表第一篇作品---叙事诗《织布的妇人》。1930 年任《儿童时代》编辑。1949年以前一直在上海从事报 纸编辑工作，并积极投入电影、话剧运动。解放后，曾 任《文汇报》副总编辑。现任上海电影局顾问。 • Ke Ling was born in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province in 1909.he is a modern Chinese writer. His first writing, a narrative poem, The Woman Weaver, appeared in 1926.he was one of the editors of Children Times from 1930 onwards. Before 1949 he was all along engaged in editorial work in newspaper offices and took an active part in activities of film and modern drama in Shanghai. After liberation he filled the post of deputy editor-in-chief of Wenhuibao for a period. He is at present adviser of Shanghai Film Bureau.
主语的确定和信息重心的确立
1. 我们能解决这个难题。 • We can solve this problem. • We can come up with a solution to this problem. 2学电脑的能解决这个难题。 • Computer people can solve this problem.
四．所选主语必须符合英语的语言习惯， 逻辑和搭配习惯
1. 热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作， 建立和发展贸易关系。 • Customers from various countries and regions in the world are warmly welcome to promote cooperation and to establish and develop business contacts with us. 2. 任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。 • Any emerging thing is bound to experience difficulties and setbacks before it reaches maturity.
8. 快能解决这个难题。 • This problem can be solved if it is handled quickly. • Quick / Immediate action will render/ bring about a solution to this problem.
9. 这种方法能解决这个难题。 • We/ One can solve this problem (in) this way. • This problem can be solved (in) this way. • The adoption of this method/ approach will bring about/ result in a solution to this problem.
3. 两天时间能解决这个难题。 • We/ One can solve this problem in two days. • This problem can be solved in two days. • Two days’ time will guarantee a solution to this problem. 4. 明年五月以前能解决这个难题。 • Before/ prior to next May, this problem can be solved. • Before/ prior to next May, a solution to this problem can be found.
Exercises in class
1. 得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。
2．这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤,将被洪水 淹没的地区的百姓迁走. 3. 走廊的地毯厚厚的，我走在上面，一点脚步声也没有。 4. 读书可以增长知识。 5．我父亲狂热地追求绘画，绘画已成为他生活的一切， 要比母亲，比他的孩子，甚至比他自己都更为重要。
10. 巧干能解决这个难题。 • We/ One /You can solve this problem by working ingeniously. • This problem can be solved by working ingeniously. • To work ingeniously can bring about the solving of this problem. • Working ingeniously will enable this problem to be solved.
13. 如果运用科学的方法能解决这个难题。 • If a scientific method is adopted, this problem can be solved. • By adopting a scientific method, this problem can be solved. • The adoption of a scientific method can bring about the solution to this problem. 14. 人人都动手而不是坐而论道能解决这个难题。 • If everyone bears a hand instead of indulging himself in empty talk, this problem can be solved.
二． 要选择原文中的恰当成分充当主语，使得所选 主语反映出原文句子中突出的信息。
• 到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了100 余艘中小船舶的建造合同和协议。 • By the end of last year, contracts and agreements had been signed between us and some provinces and cities for the construction of more than 100 medium-andsmall size vessels.