现在分词化的形容词与过去分词化的形容词用法的区别

现在分词化的形容词与过去分词化的形容词用法的区别
一、具有情绪色彩的现在分词和过去分词转化成形容词作表语、宾语和主语补足语及定语的区别
1.作表语时的区别：
一般说来，现在分词化的形容词作表语时，句子的主语是物，而过去分词化的形容词作表语时，主语是人。

The book which I gave you last year was very interesting.
interesting是具有情绪色彩的现在分词化的形容词，在句中作表语，此句的主语是物，主语the book,本身不感兴趣，感兴趣的是我们。

I am interested in English, which is widely used all over the world.
interested是具有感情色彩的过去分词化的形容词,作表语，此句的主语是人I,感兴趣的正是主语本人I。

The news that the best student in our class cheated in the mid-term exam was shocking.
shocking 是具有情绪色彩的现在分词化形容词，在句中作表语，句子的主语news 是物。

主语the news 不会震惊，震惊的是知道消息的人。

I was shocked at the news that he failed in the college entrance examination shocked 是具有情绪色彩的过去分词化的形容词，在句中充当表语，主语是人I,很显然，这里感到震惊的正是主语I。

2.作宾语补足语和主语补足语时的区别
现在分词化的形容词作宾语补足语时，宾语是物，作主语补足语时，主语也是物，而过去分词化的形容词作宾语补足语时，宾语是人，作主语补足语时，主语也是人。

I found the book so boring that I didn’t want to read it.
boring 是具有情绪色彩的现在分词化的形容词，在句中作宾语补足语，表示“令人厌烦的”，句子的宾语the book是物。

I found him bored when he lisened to the lecture given by the famous professor. bored是具有情绪色彩的过去分词化的形容词，作宾语him 的补足语，宾语him 是人。

The film which we saw last week was found amusing.
amusing 是具有情绪色彩的现在分词化的形容词，作主语the film的补足语，表示“引人发笑的”，主语the film是物。

The professor who taught us chemistry was found amused .
amused是具有情绪色彩的过去分词化的形容词，在句中充当主语补足语，表示“好笑的”，主语the professor是人。

3.作定语时的区别
现在分词化的形容词作定语时，往往表示“令人…的”，即引起别人某种情绪的，它所修饰的名词是物，而过去分词化的形容词作定语时，表示“自身…的”，即自己感到某种情绪的，它所修饰的名词是人或有情绪的动物或人格化的东西，而不是物。

What encouraging news it is to be admitted to a key university！
encouraging是具有情绪色彩的现在分词化的形容词，作定语，表示“令人鼓舞
的”，它所修饰的名词news 是物，故我们不能说encouraged news。

The frightened bird flew away at the sight of the hunter.
frightened是具有情绪色彩的过去分词化的形容词，作定语，表示“（鸟）自身感到恐惧的”，它所修饰的名词bird是有情绪的动物。

the frightened bird“（自己）感到恐惧的鸟”。

He told us a frightening story which made us stay indoors all the time.
frightening 是具有情绪色彩的现在分词化的形容词，在句中作定语，表示“令人恐惧的”，它所修饰的名词story是物，故我们不能说a frightened story。

He looked at the result of the English exam,with a surprised look on his face. surprised 是具有情绪色彩的过去分词化的形容词，在句中作定语，表示“（自身）吃惊的”，它所修饰的名词look是人格化的东西。

二、非情绪类的现在分词和过去分词转化成形容词作定语时的区别
1.作定语时时态的区别
现在分词化的形容词作定语，往往具有实行时态的意义，而过去分词化的形容词作定语往往具有完成时态的意义，表示动作已发生。

You can’t drink the boiling water,for it is too hot.
boiling是非情绪类的现在分词化的形容词，作定语具有实行时态的意义。

The boiling water=the water that is boiling 正在沸腾的水
The boiled water is in the bottle and you can drink some.
boiled是非情绪类的过去分词化的形容词，作定语，具有完成时态的意义。

the boiled water=the water that has boiled 煮开过的水。

When we entered the forest, we saw a falling tree.
falling是非情绪类的现在分词化的形容词，作定语，具有实行时态的意义。

a falling tree=a tree that is falling一颗正在倒下的树。

On the roadside lay a fallen tree,so many cars couldn’t go ahead.
fallen是非情绪类的过去分词化的形容词作定语，具有完成时态的意义，表示动作已发生。

a fallen tree=a tree that had fallen一颗已经倒下的树。

2.作定语时语态的区别
现在分词化的形容词作定语，修饰名词，一般表示主动语态，而及物动词的过去分词化的形容词则具有被动语态的意义。

China is a developing country,which has a long way to go.
developing是非情绪类的现在分词化的形容词，作定语，表示主动语态，具有实行时态的意义。

a developing country=a country which is developing发展中的国家。

He found his stolen car left behind the big building.
stolen是非情绪类的过去分词化的形容词作定语，表示被动和动作已完成。

his stolen car=his car which had been/was stolen他的被偷的小汽车。

Mao Anying was trapped in the burning house,but nobody could save him.
burning是非情绪类的现在分词化的形容词作定语，表示主动语态，具有实行时态的意义，the burning house=the house which was burning燃烧着的房子。

After the big fire, there were many burned house left in the area.
burned是非情绪类的过去分词化的形容词作定语，表示被动语态和动作的完成many burned house=many house that were burned很多被烧毁掉的房子。

【巩固练习】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能够填入空白处的最佳答案
1.In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (NMET2010 福建卷)
A.sticking
B.stuck
C.to be stuck
D.to have stuck
2.Though to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.(NMET2010全国卷Ⅱ)
A.surprising
B.was surprised
C.surprised
D.being surprised
3. and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (NMET2009 浙江卷)
A.To be tired
B.Tired
C.Tiring
D.Being tired
4.A big earthquake happened in Japan. We all heard the news.
A.astonishing
B.astonished
C.astonish
D.astonishingly
5.He was with his wife because the dinner was badly cooked.
A.annoyed
B.annoying
C.annoied
D.annoy
6.The news that China offered help to the victims in the Japanese earthquake was
A.encouraged
B.to be encouraged
C.encouraging
D.being encouraged
7.The teacher was given a gold medal for having completed sixty years of teaching.
A. retire
B.retired
C.retiring
D.retiredly
8.When the child was found again, his parents burst into tears.
A.losing
B.lost
C.missed
D.lose
9.The children were found by all the toys in the shop windows.
A.fascinate
B.fascinating
C.fascinatingly
D.fascinated
10.The water got him seriously, so he had to see a doctor at once.
A.boiled;burned
B.boiled;burning
C.boiling;burning
D. boiling;burned
【参考答案】
1 B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10 D。