大学英语翻译 PPT

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英语的从句前必须根据其语法功能用when, where, who,that, an等表示关联词将其与主句衔接起来. 这也是汉语语法隐含性(covertness)的一种表现. 而英语的语法呈外显性(overtness),体现了英 美人重个体,重分析的思维方式.
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钱先生周岁时 “抓周”,抓了一本书,因此得名 “钟 书”. When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu (=book lover).
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Every spring hundreds of thousands of domestic and foreign businessmen swarm into Shanghai to attend the annual East China Export Commodity Trade Fair. Here, all kinds of goods from Shanghai compete with the goods from other places in China. The advantage of Shanghai lies in its advanced scientific and technological strength, therefore the export of high-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai s foreign trade and export. Professor Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, once said, “The high-tech battlefield is the main and the last battlefield for China to overtake the developed countries.”It is not only indispensable in history, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-indispensable in history, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-indispensable in history, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-tech trade.
“龙凤呈祥”(Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Prosperity)
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3) 词义空缺(semantic zero) 词语意义的空缺是文化现象空缺的结果.翻译是
需要用音译,意译或其他方式表示其义. 糖葫芦 Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交
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• 科技实力 • scientific and technological strength • 排头兵 • take the lead in
高科技战场 • The high-tech battlefield • 超越 • overtake
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• 高科技贸易 • high-tech trade • 必然 • indispensable
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• 著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战 场是中国超越发达国家的主战场，也是最 后的战场。
• Professor Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, once said, “The high-tech battlefield is the main and the last battlefield for China to overtake the developed countries.”
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• 中外客商 • domestic and foreign businessmen • 云集申城 • swarm into Shanghai • 华东出口品交易会 • East China Export Commodity Trade Fair • 一比短长 • compete
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大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
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• 每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城， 参加一年一度的华东出口品交易会。
• Every spring hundreds of thousands of domestic and foreign businessmen swarm into Shanghai to attend the annual East China Export Commodity Trade Fair.
• The advantage of Shanghai lies in its advanced scientific and technological strength, therefore the export of high-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai s foreign trade and export.
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• 汉英句法对比
汉语句子特点是“以意统形”.因而汉语的句法 特征是意合(parataxis),强调逻辑关联与意义关 联而不在意词语之间和句际之间的形式衔接. 英语句子的特点是强调形式和功能,因而英 语的句法特点是形合(hypotaxis).句子成分之 间的关系要求用形式标记表明. 请看下例:
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每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城， 参加一年一度的华东出口品交易会。上海 各类商品在这里与全国各地一比短长。上 海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产口 的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的排头 兵”。 著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战 场是中国超越发达国家的主战场，也是最 后的战场。”走发展高科技贸易之路，是 历史的必然，也是末来的需要。
1)我常见许多青年的朋友,2)聪明用功,3)成绩优异,4)而 语文程度不足以达意,5)甚至写一封信亦难得通顺,6) 问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面.
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倘若完全按原文的句法特征将其译成英文,可能是: 1)I have come across a great many young friends,
2)Bright and diligent, 3)Do exceedingly well in studies, 4)but they are rather weak in Chinese, 5)even can’t write a smooth Chinese letter. 6)When asked why, they’ll say they are not interested in Chinese.
Translation
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• 汉英词义对比
• 英汉词汇意义的对应程度，大致有以下三种情况 • 1）词义相符(semantic correspondence)
如: 山(mountain), 学生(student), 环境保护(environmental protection)
在寻找语义相符的对应语时,易犯逐词翻译的毛病, 找到假对应词,如:
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I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language.
学习知识 to learn knowledge (to acquire knowledge)
盐水 salt water (salt solution)
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2)二.词义相异(semantic non-correspondence) 词义相异有两种情况.第一种是指称意义相符,蕴涵 意义相异. 松、梅、竹（岁寒三友，蕴含不畏唁函，傲然 风雪的品德）然而，英语中pine trees, plum blossoms,bamboo不具备上述蕴含意义。 “羊”在古汉语中就是吉祥的意思.如“三羊开 泰”(Three Rams Bring Bliss) ram 在英语中除表 示 “公羊”外，还表示“撞击装置”。
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第二种情况是指称意义和蕴涵意义相异. phoenix(凤凰): mythical bird of the Arabian
desert, said to live for several hundred years before burning itself and then rising born again from its ashes
stick which is a kind of children’s faFra Baidu bibliotekorite food in winter
特困生 the most needy students 乌纱帽 an official post 站票 standing-room-only tickets
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钱先生周岁时 “抓周”,抓了一本书,因此得名 “钟 书”. When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu (=book lover).
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• ”走发展高科技贸易之路，是历史的必然， 也是末来的需要。
• It is not only indispensable in history, but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-tech trade.
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• 上海各类商品在这里与全国各地一比短长。 • Here, all kinds of goods from Shanghai
compete with the goods from other places in China.
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• 上海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产 口的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的排头 兵”。