(完整版)油气储运专业英语(英汉互译)

Chapter 1 Oil and Gas Fields

第1章油气田

1.1 An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production

1.1石油和天然气生产的介绍

The complex nature of wellstreams is responsible for the complex processing of the produced fluids (gas, oil，water, and solids). The hydrocarbon portion must be separated into products that can be stored and/or transported. The nonhydrocarbon contaminants must be removed as much as feasible to meet storage, transport, reinjection, and disposal specifications. Ultimate disposal of the various waste streams depends on factors such as the location of the field and the applicable environmental regulations. The overriding criterion for product selection, construction, and operation decisions is economics.

油气井井流的复杂性质，决定了所产流体(气、油、水和固体)的加工十分复杂。必须分出井流中的烃类，使之成为能储存和/或能输送的各种产品;必须尽可能地脱除井流中的非烃杂质，以满足储存、输送、回注和排放的规范。各类废弃物的最终处置取决于各种因素，如油气田所处地域和所采用的环保规定等。经济性是决定油气田产品设计、建筑和操作决策的最重要准则。

Fig. 1-1 is a comprehensive picture of the individual unit operations carried out in field processing. All the various modules shown will not all be present in every system. Furthermore, the modules used in a given application may not be arranged in the exact sequence shown, although the sequence is，in general, correct. The selection and sequencing of modules is determined during the design phase of field development.

图1-1表示在矿场进行的各种单元操作的综合图。在各系统内不一定有图1-- }所示的全部操作模块。尽管图中所示的加工顺序通常是正确的，但在某一特定使用情况下，模块的布置可能会与图中所示的顺序不同。在油气田开发设计阶段确定模块的选择和排列顺序。

As shown in Fig. 1-1，the individual phases (gas，liquid hydrocarbon, liquid water, and solids) should be separated from each other as early as practical. Individual streams can then be treated with less technical difficulty and more economically. Hartley and Bin Jadid (1989) illustrate how lab and field tests performed before construction can identify and minimize future production and processing problems such as scaling, foaming, emulsion formation, wax deposition, and hydrate formation. Processing of the separated streams is now reviewed briefly because many of the individual unit operations are discussed in detail in subsequent chapters.

如图1-1所示，应尽早将各股流体(气、液态烃、液态水和固体)分离。这样，单独处理各股流体时，技术难度较小，也较经济。Hartley和Bin Jadid (19$9阐明了在建设前进行的室内和现场试验可以发现并减少将来在生产和加工中可能出现的问题，如结垢、发泡、形成乳状液、结蜡以及生成水合物等,现在简要介绍被分离的各股流体的加工，在后续章节中将详细讨论其中的许多单元操作。

1 .1 .1 Gas Processing

1 .1 .1气体加工

As shown in Fig. 1-1，gas processing begins with treating, if necessary, to remove the acid gases- hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Both gases are very corrosive when liquid water is present and hydrogen sulfide is most toxic. Environmental regulations almost always prohibit the release of significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide to the surroundings. Conversion to elemental sulfur is becoming increasingly necessary.

如图1-Z所示，气体加工(若需要)从脱除酸气(H2S和CO2)开始。当存在液态水时，这两种气体有极强的腐蚀性,而且H2S极具毒性。环保法规几乎都禁止向周围环境排放大量H2S，而且正愈来愈多地要求将H2S转变为元素硫。