现在分词做状语的几个问题

使用现在分词作状语时应该注意的几个问题

1、问: "Cann’t you read?" Mary said, to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

答案是A。碰到这一类型的题,不知道从哪个角度考虑,请解释一下好吗?

答:这道考查了现在分词作伴随状语的用法。分词的此种用法,一般可用and连接的并列谓语动词来互换。因此C项缺少连接并列谓语动词的and;B、D属于动词时态的错误。要将动词变成过去式,才能构成谓语。如:

She stood there waiting for the bus.= She stood there and waited for the bus.

They sat in the garden talking about the days they spent together. = They sat in the garden and talked about the days they spent together.

注意:①如果分词作状语表方式时,通常不能改为and连接的并列谓语动词,但可用by+动名词来改写。如:

They eat using the fingers of their right hands. (分词using短语表方式)

= They eat by using the fingers of their right hands.

②现在分词作伴随状语和不定式作目的状语的区别:

The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the

president. (NMET94)

A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing

答案是B。如果将逗号改为and,则选C,即并列谓语动词;如果没有逗号,则A、B都对,A 项不定式作目的状语,B项作伴随状语。又如:

He sent me an E-mail, to get further information. (2000上海)

A. hoped

B. hoping

C. to hope

D. hope

答案是B。可改写为He sent me an E-mail and hoped to get further information. 或可改写为目的状语He sent me an E-mail to get further information.

③分词表示的动作一般和谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生的。如果分词的动作先发生,则要用分词的完成式。如:

Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio.

Having been there more than once, the old professor did not show us around the lab.

如果两个动作之间,发生在前的一个用谓语动词来表示了,那么发生在后的动作就不能用分词, 而只能采用并列的谓语动词来表示。如:

She set out soon after dark home an hour later.(NMET94)

A. arriving

B. to arrive

C. having arrived

D. and arrived

答案是D。

2、问: your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A. Having checked

B. Check

C. If you check

D. To check

答案是C。为什么不能选A,请解释一下好吗?

答:这里涉及了现在分词的逻辑主语问题。一般来说,句子的主语应是分词的逻辑主语,不然,就会出现不一致的情况。如:

①误: Looking out of the window, several children were playing about in the garden.

正: Looking out of the window, I found several children playing about in the garden.

正: When I looked out of the window, several children were playing about in the garden.

②误: Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.

正: Hearing the news, she burst into tears.

正: When she heard the news, tears came to her eyes.

所以,该题如果要选A,应将题改为:

Having checked your composition carefully, you can avoid some spelling mistakes.

不过,英语中也有一些分词,其逻辑主语不是句子的主语,它们已变成固定词组,表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度。如:

Strickly speaking, his answer is wrong.

Judging from / by his accent, he is from America.

Supposing (=Suppose) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do ?

Considering the absence of the chairman, we decided to delay the meeting.

Talking of Jim, have you heard that he''''s getting married?

完成式，还是一般式？—现在分词作状语用法一例看句子：

（听到这个消息），they jumped up and down with great joy.

这道题的答案是Hearing the news, 其中的现在分词用的是一般式。细心的学生一定会问，hear这个动词的动作显然发生在jump之前，为什么不用完成式Having heard而用一般式Hearing呢？

不错，在讲分词的用法时明确指出：“现在分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行，而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。”我们不妨多看几个例句：

Having stayed there for a month, we moved to another place.

Having bought three tickets, I invited them to the play.

Having been asked to stay, they couldn’t possibly leave right away.

他们已被要求留下来，所以不能马上走。