鲁迅：中国“温和”的尼采
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resigned in 1879 due to
health problems
Work
The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense (1873) Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks (1873) Untimely Meditations (1876) Human, All Too Human (1878)
1881-1885 1887-1888
1889.11900.8.24 1900.8.25
suffered a mental breakdown
Death
The Dawn (1881) The Gay Science (1882)
Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883)
On the Genealogy of Morality (1887) The Case of Wagner (1888) Twilight of the Idols (1888) The Antichrist (1888) Ecce Homo (1888; first published in 1908) Nietzsche contra Wagner (1888)
1907
1908 1909 1912
1918 1919 1920
Back to China From Nanjing
to Beijing
Beijing
1921 1925 1927
Shanghai
Watching Japanese-Russian War educational film
Dropping out of school
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Lu Xun mentioned Nietzsche many times in his dairy or prefaces of his book. He had thought very highly of Nietzsche’s work.
In the preface of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Lu Xun said Nietzsche’s article is “Very Good”.
Time 1844.10.1
5 1864.10 1865.10 1868.11.8
1870 1873-1876
1878 1879
Place
Universität Bonn
Universität Leipzig
University of Basel
Event Birth Studying Studying Teaching
The style The Wild Grass is very similar to Thus Spoke Zarathustra. In a word, Nietzsche has great influences on Lu xun’s thoughts and
works.
Nietzsche and Lu xun
Lu xun: The “mild” Nietzsche in Chinalogy 2 Heroes: Nietzsche and Lu xun 5 Questions
• Who are Nietzsche and Lu xun? • Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in China? • What is Nietzsche’s philosophy? • Why Nietzsche? • What are Nietzsche’s influences on Lu xun’s
Superman (Overman)（超人） (The Theory of Spiritual Evolution)
Eternal Return（永恒循环）
Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883)
Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883) The Gay Science (1882)
Germany
Japan
Time 1881
1898 1902 1904
Place Shaoxing, Zhejiang Nanjing Tokyo, Japan Sendai, Japan
Event Birth
Studying Studying Studying
Work
1906 Sendai, Japan
The conclusion must base on specific historical materials.
Method 1. Impression: life experience abroad (study, work, etc.)
2. Dictating: Allegory, ballad, epic, story
3. Writing
Subject
Individual: One book to another Game of Throne VS Lord of the rings
Group: One writer to many foreign writers Lu Xun VS Nietzsche, Gogol, Chekhov
The Logic of Nietzsche's Philosophy
What is the meaning of life?
The Will to Power (权力意志) Apollo(日神)and Dionysus(酒神)
Work The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
Master Morality and Slave Morality（主人道德与奴隶 道德）
A group of people who held a critical attitude towards the society, morals, religions, cultures and so on. Many of them were writers, and artists. They had different believes but they were all inspired by Nietzsche’s theory and after personality liberation.
The “tough” group:
A group of people who also held a critical attitude towards the current situation, but they admiring violence, and extreme power. They twisted Nietzsche’s theory, making it tools to seek for their interests, regardless of the poor people. Most of them were racists, anti-semite(反犹太主义者）and Fascist. (finally became the core theory of NAZI)
(The Will to Power)
Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in China
• Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in China
Crane Brinton 克林·布林顿 (1898-1968)
God is
DEAD!
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
a German philosopher, cultur al critic, composer, poet
Apollonian and Dionysian(art)
Death of God and nihilism
Will to power
1 Topic: Crenology 2 Heroes: Nietzsche and Lu xun 5 Questions
• Who are Nietzsche and Lu xun? • Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in
China? • What is Nietzsche’s philosophy? • Why Nietzsche? • What are Nietzsche’s influences on Lu xun’s
Before WWII
The followers of Nietzsche
The “mild” group
The “tough” group
The speech of Georg Brandes 1888
勃兰兑斯 Denmark
Main stream(before WWII)
The “mild” group:
thoughts and works?
Who is Nietzsche?
Friedrich Nietzsche
a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history.
thoughts and works?
Crenology 渊源学
It mainly studies the origin of some literary phenomena whose starting point is not clear. The purpose of this research is to explore the foreign sources of a certain literary phenomenon with specific historical materials and to restore the real state of historical facts between them.
(Christianity)
Human, All Too Human (1878)
Beyond Good and Evil
On the Genealogy of Morals （1887）
Solution
Revaluation Of All Values （重估一切价值）
Based On The Standard Of The Will To Power
Apollo(日神) Moderate
Beauty (outside)
Dionysus(酒神) excessive
Truth(inside)
The Will to Power (权力意志)
The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
What is Nietzsche’s philosophy?
Question Theory
Problem &
Analysis
1930 1936
The leader of League of Leftist Writers Death
What is Nietzsche’s philosophy?
What is Nietzsche’s philosophy?
Question Theory
Problem &
Analysis
abandon medicine for
literature 弃医从文
《文化偏至论》 《摩罗诗力说》
《破恶声论》
The May 4th Movement
Translating the Preface of Thus Spoke Zarathustra
into Chinese version
《伤逝》Sadness 《野草》Wild Grass
health problems
Work
The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense (1873) Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks (1873) Untimely Meditations (1876) Human, All Too Human (1878)
1881-1885 1887-1888
1889.11900.8.24 1900.8.25
suffered a mental breakdown
Death
The Dawn (1881) The Gay Science (1882)
Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883)
On the Genealogy of Morality (1887) The Case of Wagner (1888) Twilight of the Idols (1888) The Antichrist (1888) Ecce Homo (1888; first published in 1908) Nietzsche contra Wagner (1888)
1907
1908 1909 1912
1918 1919 1920
Back to China From Nanjing
to Beijing
Beijing
1921 1925 1927
Shanghai
Watching Japanese-Russian War educational film
Dropping out of school
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Lu Xun mentioned Nietzsche many times in his dairy or prefaces of his book. He had thought very highly of Nietzsche’s work.
In the preface of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Lu Xun said Nietzsche’s article is “Very Good”.
Time 1844.10.1
5 1864.10 1865.10 1868.11.8
1870 1873-1876
1878 1879
Place
Universität Bonn
Universität Leipzig
University of Basel
Event Birth Studying Studying Teaching
The style The Wild Grass is very similar to Thus Spoke Zarathustra. In a word, Nietzsche has great influences on Lu xun’s thoughts and
works.
Nietzsche and Lu xun
Lu xun: The “mild” Nietzsche in Chinalogy 2 Heroes: Nietzsche and Lu xun 5 Questions
• Who are Nietzsche and Lu xun? • Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in China? • What is Nietzsche’s philosophy? • Why Nietzsche? • What are Nietzsche’s influences on Lu xun’s
Superman (Overman)（超人） (The Theory of Spiritual Evolution)
Eternal Return（永恒循环）
Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883)
Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883) The Gay Science (1882)
Germany
Japan
Time 1881
1898 1902 1904
Place Shaoxing, Zhejiang Nanjing Tokyo, Japan Sendai, Japan
Event Birth
Studying Studying Studying
Work
1906 Sendai, Japan
The conclusion must base on specific historical materials.
Method 1. Impression: life experience abroad (study, work, etc.)
2. Dictating: Allegory, ballad, epic, story
3. Writing
Subject
Individual: One book to another Game of Throne VS Lord of the rings
Group: One writer to many foreign writers Lu Xun VS Nietzsche, Gogol, Chekhov
The Logic of Nietzsche's Philosophy
What is the meaning of life?
The Will to Power (权力意志) Apollo(日神)and Dionysus(酒神)
Work The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
Master Morality and Slave Morality（主人道德与奴隶 道德）
A group of people who held a critical attitude towards the society, morals, religions, cultures and so on. Many of them were writers, and artists. They had different believes but they were all inspired by Nietzsche’s theory and after personality liberation.
The “tough” group:
A group of people who also held a critical attitude towards the current situation, but they admiring violence, and extreme power. They twisted Nietzsche’s theory, making it tools to seek for their interests, regardless of the poor people. Most of them were racists, anti-semite(反犹太主义者）and Fascist. (finally became the core theory of NAZI)
(The Will to Power)
Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in China
• Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in China
Crane Brinton 克林·布林顿 (1898-1968)
God is
DEAD!
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
a German philosopher, cultur al critic, composer, poet
Apollonian and Dionysian(art)
Death of God and nihilism
Will to power
1 Topic: Crenology 2 Heroes: Nietzsche and Lu xun 5 Questions
• Who are Nietzsche and Lu xun? • Why is Lu xun called the “mild” Nietzsche in
China? • What is Nietzsche’s philosophy? • Why Nietzsche? • What are Nietzsche’s influences on Lu xun’s
Before WWII
The followers of Nietzsche
The “mild” group
The “tough” group
The speech of Georg Brandes 1888
勃兰兑斯 Denmark
Main stream(before WWII)
The “mild” group:
thoughts and works?
Who is Nietzsche?
Friedrich Nietzsche
a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history.
thoughts and works?
Crenology 渊源学
It mainly studies the origin of some literary phenomena whose starting point is not clear. The purpose of this research is to explore the foreign sources of a certain literary phenomenon with specific historical materials and to restore the real state of historical facts between them.
(Christianity)
Human, All Too Human (1878)
Beyond Good and Evil
On the Genealogy of Morals （1887）
Solution
Revaluation Of All Values （重估一切价值）
Based On The Standard Of The Will To Power
Apollo(日神) Moderate
Beauty (outside)
Dionysus(酒神) excessive
Truth(inside)
The Will to Power (权力意志)
The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
What is Nietzsche’s philosophy?
Question Theory
Problem &
Analysis
1930 1936
The leader of League of Leftist Writers Death
What is Nietzsche’s philosophy?
What is Nietzsche’s philosophy?
Question Theory
Problem &
Analysis
abandon medicine for
literature 弃医从文
《文化偏至论》 《摩罗诗力说》
《破恶声论》
The May 4th Movement
Translating the Preface of Thus Spoke Zarathustra
into Chinese version
《伤逝》Sadness 《野草》Wild Grass