高中英语代词

句子成分

句子有两个最重要的成分，那就是主语和谓语。主语表明这句话说的是谁或什么的情况，谓语说明主语的情况（动作或状态）。

e.g. China is adva ncing中国在前进。

主语一般由名词或起名词作用的其他词类，短语或从句担任，谓语主要由动

词担任，有时也可由一个系动词加一个形容词或名词担任， e.g. He is a boy. She is pretty.

在后一种情况中，用来与系动词合成谓语的成分，称为表语。（回头看）

除了主语和谓语，句子有时还有其他成分，如宾语，定语和状语。

宾语一般用在及物动词后面：We love our country.宾语一般由名词或与之相当的其他词类，短语，从句担任。

定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词。Chi na is agreat cou ntry.

状语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。

e.g. They are work in ghard.

He works very hard.

The situation is excelle nt in deed.状语主要由副词或与之相当的其他词类，短语或从句担当。

代词

代词可以分为下列九类

1 人称代词(personal pronouns : I You She

2 物主代词(Possessive Pronoun)s : My, His

3 自身代词(self pronouns : myself

4. 相互代词(reciprocal pronouns) : one another, each other

5. 指示代词(dem on strative Pronouns :this, that, those, these

6. 疑问代词 (interrogative pronouns : who, whom, whose, what, which用来构成特殊问句的。

7. 关系代词(relative pronouns) : who, whom, whose, that, which 等引导定语从

句的。

8. 连接代词(conjunctive pronouns):疑问代词都可以用作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。

9 不定代词(indefinite pronouns) : all, each, both等

一人称代词

英语中主要有以下这些人称代词:

人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。

在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：

Who is knocking at the door? --- It 'me.

但在强调结构中却常用主格：

It was he who did it.

It is she who wants this clothes.

在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：

1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。

e.g. I think En gla nd will do what she promised to do.

2）在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。

e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.

3）第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。

He and she still dontagree to the pla n.

二物主代词

英语中主要有下列这些物主代词：

1. 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，如my brother名词性的物主代词可以作: 1）表语

Whose dictionary is this? ----it'smine.

2）主语

Ours is a big family.

3）宾语

Let'sclea n their room first an d ours later.

2. of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语

That car of hers is always break ing dow n.

=Her car is .......

自（反）身代词

1. 这些词可用来：

1）作宾语

I can 'express myself in En glish.

2）作表语

I am not quite myself these days.我近来身体不大舒服。

3）作主语或宾语的同位语

The theory itself is all right.

在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”

They must make inv estigatio n themselves. 他们必须亲自作调查。

与by on eself较难区分

By o neself译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）”

They made the machi ne all by themselves这机器完全是他们自己制造的。

2 •自身代词常和某些动词连用

Enjoy on eself, behave on eself使自己举止良好），help yourself to sth.请吃点。。。Come to on eself苏醒

3 •常与某些介词连用

By on eself 一个人做（不要别人帮助）

For on eself替自己，自己

He has a right to decide for himself.他有权自己决定。

In on eself 本身

This is not a bad idea in itself.这主意本身并不错。

To on eself供自己用

She had a room to hersel她自己住一间房。

四相互代词

One an other与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。We can help one ano ther （each other）.

We are eager to lear n from each othe我们都急欲向彼此学习。

五指示代词

有this, that, these, those.

1 •前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that （或those）表示，而汉语中却常用“表示。” e.g. We have no time to do it. Thafsour trouble.我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。

2. 指下面要谈到的事物时，常用this,例如

I want to know this: has Joh n bee n here?

3 those在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现，表示人们或东西（后面多有一定定语修饰）Those who wish to go to the con cert may sig n up here. He was among those who attended it.他是至U会人之一。

六疑问代词

有who, whom, whose, what, which都是来构成特殊问句的。Who通常做主语和表语，whom做宾语。

1 what, who

一般来说，what问的是职业或地位，who问的是姓名。

----What was her husba nd?

----He was a lawyer. 比较----who was her husband?

---- H e was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.

2 which, what

Which用于已知情况的选择，其后可以跟of,而what用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of. What fruit do you like best?

Which do you like better, oranges or apples?

3 在以这类代词做主语时，后面的动词可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式，要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。