狭水道中助航标志导航

大连海事大学

毕业论文Array

二○一二年六月

谈狭水道中利用助航标志导航

----学汇百川德济四海

专业班级：航海技术08-9班

姓名：桑洪根

指导教师：于家根

航海学院

姓名：董少华

学号：2220070924

班级：航海07级8班

中文摘要

狭水道航行是航海航行中的一个重要方面，然而狭水道航行有其特殊性，它较一般海上航行有着更多的困难，比如航道狭窄，水深有限，船只密集航道曲折，存在浅滩等等。这些因素使驾驶员在狭水道航行时更应谨慎。据IMO统计，全球每年约有80%的船舶事故是人为原因引起的，而这些事故中有60%的事故是在狭水道或者是狭水道端口出发生的，如果这些事故可以最大程度的避免，那么国际海上运输将事故减少很大一部分。正因为狭水道航行存在很多困难，同时为了保证国际海上运输的安全性，世界各国都在本国沿海及内河设置很多助航标志，狭水道内数量更多，这些助航标志设立的目的是对驾驶员安全航行给予最大程度的帮助，驾驶员可以使用助航标志进行各种导航方法和转向方法，常见的如导标导航和叠标导航就是驾驶员利用助航标志形成的方法，既可以使航行变得容易，又可以提高航行的安全。

关键词：狭水道航行；助航标志；导航；浮标

Abstract

Narrow channel is one part of marine navigation.And narrow channel navigation has its charecters.It has more difficulties, for example, narrow fairways, water depth is limited, intensive vessel waterway twists and turns, there is so shallow. These factors make the driver when navigating in narrow waterways should be cautious. According to statistics of IMO, about 80% of the ship accident causes are man-made, and these incidents 60% of accidents in the narrow waterway ends or the occurrence of narrow waterways, and if these incidents can be avoided maximum, the international maritime transport will reduce a significant portion of the incident. It is precisely because of narrow waterways, there are many difficulties in navigation, at the same time in order to ensure the safety of international maritime traffic, and in all countries in the world set up their own a lot of coastal and river navigation marks, the number of more narrow internal waterway, which marks the establishment of aids to navigation is aimed at drivers Members of the safe navigation of the greatest measure of assistance, the driver can use a variety of aids to navigation marks and steering methods of navigation method, we can make navigation easier, but also can improve the safety of navigation.

Key word: narrow channel navigation; aids to navigation ;navigation;buoy

目录

0 绪论 (1)

1狭水道的相关定义及其特点 (1)

1.1狭水道的相关定义 (1)

1.2狭水道的特点 (1)

1.2.1 航道一般较狭窄，水深限制较大 (1)

1.2.2 航道内灯浮、障碍物较多 (1)

1.2.3 航道多弯曲，航区内复杂多变 (1)

1.2.4 岸吸与船吸明显 (2)

1.2.5 船舶航行密度大，风流影响显著 (2)

2.助航标志概念，分类，作用及查阅 (3)

2.1助航标志的概念 (3)

2.2助航标志的作用 (3)

2.3助航标志的分类 (3)

2.3.1 按设置地点分类 (3)

2.3.2按技术装置分类 (4)

2.4我国狭水道主要助航标志 (4)

2.5有关助航标志的航海图书资料 (5)

2.5.1中国沿海《航标表》 (5)

2.5.2中国沿海《航标表》的查阅 (5)

2.5.3英版《灯标和雾号表》 (5)

2.5.4英版《灯标和雾号表》的查阅 (6)

3常用导航方法 (7)

3.1.浮标导航 (7)

3.2叠标导航 (8)

4本船实际应用 (10)

5结论 (14)

参考文献 (15)

致谢 (16)