巨噬细胞表面的主要模式识别受体研究进展

族与疾病的相关性;它不但可以被应用于疾病的生物学治疗,还可以用于疾病的早期诊断、风险性评价、预防和治疗等方面。

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(收稿日期:2004-12-18)

巨噬细胞表面的主要模式识别受体研究进展

侯丽娜

摘要　巨噬细胞表面表达一系列受体分子,这些受体分子基本上都属于模式识别受体。它们能够与相应的病原体相关分子模式结合,介导巨噬细胞识别各种内源和外源抗原分子,是巨噬细胞发挥黏附,吞噬,调理,清除,杀伤和递呈功能,参与机先天性和获得性免疫应答的关键性环节。

关键词　病原体相关分子模式;模式识别受体;巨噬细胞

文章编号　1001-103X (2005)04-0249-04 中图分类号　R392.12 文献标识码　A

基金项目:浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(302031)

作者单位:310006杭州,浙江大学医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室(硕士研究生)

审校者:浙江大学医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室　赵鲁杭

病原体表面表达自身特定的分子结构,称为病原体相关分子模式(pathogen 2ass ociated m olecular pat 2tern ,PAMP ),最具代表性的PAMP 莫过于细菌的脂多糖(LPS )、脂蛋白(BLP )、肽聚糖(PG N )、脂磷壁酸

(LT A )、未甲基化的C p G DNA 、分枝杆菌的脂阿拉伯

甘露聚糖(LAM )、酵母菌的甘露聚糖[1]

。与之相应

的,在天然免疫中识别PAMP 的受体,即被称为模式

识别受体(pattern recognition receptor ,PRR )[2]

。巨噬细胞是机体先天免疫的重要执行者,是所谓的专职性组织吞噬细胞。在它的表面表达了一系列PRR ,这些PRR 介导巨噬细胞识别那些微生物表面保守的,而在宿主中不存在的PAMP ,通过下游的信号途径,调节各种免疫反应基因的表达从而清除病原体。