3简单句的基本句型

三、简单句五种基本结构

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）

二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）

三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有：act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:

It is raining now. (ＳＶ)

We've worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)

The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)

Time flies. (ＳＶ)

分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种

1)Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )

2)Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )

3)He is smiling all over his face. ( )

4)I did well in English. ( )

5)He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )

基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）

系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词在有些时候也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。

常见的半系动词有：

（1）表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；（2）表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；

（3）表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。

系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语

He is a student. (ＳＶＰ)

Your idea sounds great. (ＳＶＰ)

分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种, 并写出该句的系动词。

1)His advice proved right. ( )

2)The shop stays op en till 8 o’clock. ( )

3)The machine went wrong. ( )

4)All these efforts seem in vain. ( )

5)These words sound reasonable. ( )

6)The room soon became crowded. ( )

7)The days are getting longer and longer. ( )

8)He fell ill yesterday. ( )

9)Trees turn green in spring. ( )

10)W hat you said sounds great. ( )

基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如，

She likes English.

We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.

分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种

1.My brother hasn't done his homework.. ( )

2.People all over the world speak English. ( )

3.Jim cannot dress himself. ( )

4.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. ( )

5.He did not know what to say. ( )

基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。

如：He give me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ)

强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：

Show this house to Mr. Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。

如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说Bring me it, please。)

常跟双宾语的及物动词有：

（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, do(带来）, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等

（需借助for 的）bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等

He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.

= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.

She gave John a book．= She bought a book for me.

分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1. She ordered herself a new dress. ( )

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. ( )

3. He brought you a dictionary. ( )

4. He denies her nothing. ( )