高三英语 学案 语法-虚拟语气

虚拟语气学案及重点(Subjunctive Mood)

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。

were式虚拟（时态发生变化）

一、if条件从句

二、as if (或as though 好象) 的状语从句，表示与事实相反：

1. He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.

（用过去式表示与现在事实相反）

2. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.

(用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反)

3. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.

(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)

注意：在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。

三、虚拟语气在even if/even though引导的让步状语从句中。用法同上。

四、If only引出感叹句，意思是“要是…..多好”，表示一种愿望。用法同上。

例：If only he didn’t drive so fast! (与现在事实相反)

If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)

Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If only I had followed your advice(与过去事实相反)

五、在wish后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气(可省略它的that)：

1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. （与现在事实相反）

2. I wish you had called earlier. （与过去事实相反）

3. You wished she would arrive the next day. （与将来事实相反）

Should式虚拟（从句用should ）

一、在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，道歉，怀疑等语气的动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,用should +动词原形。“should”常被省略。

常用的此类动词有：

表示“同意，坚持”的：insist

表示“决定，命令”的：command, order

表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.

表示“要求”的：desire, demand, request, require, urge, ask,

1. 以上这些动词后的宾语从句

I suggest that all the students (should) stay here for 3 days.

2. 以上这些动词的名词和其它某些名词所在的同位语从句和表语从句。

It is the teacher’s demand that all the students （should ）hand in the homework now. 同位语从句

The teacher’s demand is that all the students（should）hand in the homework now. 表语从句* demand (要求), desire (请求),requirement (要求)

* advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议), proposal (计划)

* order (命令)，pity（遗憾）, shame (遗憾) necessity (必要地),

3. 以上这些动词的被动后的主语从句

* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)

* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)，ordered (命令)

It is required that all the books (should )be sent back now. 主语从句（it是形式主语）

4. 以上这些动词的形容词变形和其它某些形容词。

I don’t think it advisable that tom (should) be assigned to the job since he has no experience.

It is desirable that all of us (should) be taken around the school now.

常适用这种情况的其它形容词：

* natural (自然的), necessary (必须的), important (重要的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的),

strange（奇怪的）

注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，不适用虚拟语气。

某些固定句型

1. would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事

would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人做过某事

2. It is (about/high) time +that sb did sth 到某人做某事的时候了

It is (about/high) time +that sb should do sth 都某人做某事的时候了

3. 用had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。

其宾语从句的谓语要用"would + 动词原形"：

I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。

4. 表示祝愿语气：

May you be successful. 祝你成功。（注意区分：Wish you success.）