高中英语-动名词的用法(完美版)
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高中英语语法之动名词
一、含义
动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词的时态和语态的基本形式:(以write为例)
注意:动名词的否定形式是:not writing
二、动名词的基本用法
1.用作主语---常表抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作。
Smoking is bad for your health.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
注意:
①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别:
不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、一次性
.......动作,而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit.
To get up early this morning made me sleepy.
②动名词作主语,有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用);
It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣);
It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。
例如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收)
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。
2. 作宾语
①作某些及物动词的宾语
常见的动词有:advise,avoid,delay,escape,excuse,enjoy,consider,finish,deny,fancy,keep,mind(在乎)postpone,pardon,practise,suggest,imagine等。
need,want,require后接动名词,表示被动意义。
如:Would you mind opening the door?请你把门打开好吗?
Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。
②作介词的宾语
He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。
On arriving at the airport,I saw my mother standing in the crowd,waving to me.
一到机场,我就看见我母亲站在人群中,向我招手。
③作某些词组的宾语
常见的词组有:
give up,go on,put off,can't help,can't stand,be worth,be devoted to,be accustomed to,be used to,object to;insist on,look forward to,be sure of,be keen on,be fond of,be good at,be tired of,be interested in,be afraid of, cannot help 情不自禁be tired of 厌烦做某事insist on 坚持depend on/upon 指望,依赖set about着手做get down to着手做feel like 想要lead to 导致等。pay attention to
例:I'm looking forward to having the summer holiday in Kun-ming.
我盼望去昆明度暑假。
He gave up smoking several months ago. 几个月前,他戒烟了。
④某些词组后接动名词作宾语时,可省略词组中的介词。常见的词组如下:
He spends hours(in)reading newspapers everyday. 他每天花数小时阅读报纸。
We mustn't waste time(in)arguing.我们不能浪费时间争论。
The young doctor lacks experience(in)doing such kind of operation.
那年轻的医生在动这种手术上缺乏经验。
We must stop/prevent the teens (from) smoking.
我们必须阻止这些十多岁的孩子吸烟。
We had a hard time (in )finding jobs. 我们一度找工作找得很苦。
They earn a living (by )doing housework for other families.
他们为别的家庭做家务来谋生计。
English.speaking difficulty (in)trouble (no)have They ⎩
⎨⎧ 他们讲英语(没)有困难。
注意:
⑤ 不定式也可以做宾语
I want to study English.
I hope to have a chance to go abroad.
⑥ 有些动词后即可加动名词也可加不定式,区别不大
★在begin ,start ,continue 后接动名词和不定式都可以,一般情况下意义相同。 如:⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧year.
last basketball play to st basketball playing started They 去年他们开始打篮球。 但如果碰到以下情况,begin 和start 后须用动词不定式:
(a )主语是物:
The milk began to boil. 牛奶开始煮沸了。
(b )后接心理活动或状态的动词:
They began to know the danger ahead of them. 他们开始意识到他们有危险。
(c )begin 和start 用于进行时态:
They were starting to have dinner when 1 went in. 我进去时他们刚要吃饭。
(d )后接被动式:
The TV tower started to be built several years ago. 电视塔是在几年前开始建造的。 ★ 在need ,want ,require 后接动名词和动词不定式的被动式,意义相同,都表示被动,
表示需要被……的意思。如:
⎪⎩
⎪⎨⎧.repaired be to .repairing needs set TV The 这电视机需要修理。