2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习微专题(13)被动语态知识点整理总结

2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习微专题（013）

被动语态知识点整理总结

一、定义

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

二、构成

英语被动语态基本构成公式： be + 实义动词的过去分词

Δ提示：只有实义动词中的及物动词才有被动语态的构成形式，不及物动词没有被动语态的构成形式

三、常见被动语态

1.一般现在时的被动 am/is/are + done

例如：The flowers are watered every week. 每周都浇花。

2.一般过去时的被动 was/were + done

例如：The house was built 100 years ago. 这所房子建于100年前。

Δ提示：表示出生（born)用一般过去时的被动，即was/were born.

3.现在进行时的被动 am/is/are + being + done

例如：my car is being repaired. 我的车正在被修理。

4.过去进行时的被动 was/were + being done

5.一般将来时的被动 will/shall + be + done

例如：These homework will be finished in ten minutes. 这些家庭作业会在十分钟内完成。

6.过去将来时的被动语态：would /should+ be + done

7.现在完成时的被动 have/has + been + done

例如：The door has been painted. 门已经上漆了。

8.过去完成时的被动 had + been + done.

9.情态动词的被动情态动词+ be动词+ done

例如：Your teeth must be brushed. 你必须刷牙。

10.不定式的被动 to be done

例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.

确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。

四、注意事项

1.不及物动词无被动语态。

例如：The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。这类动词有许多，如: write, break, sell等。

例如：This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。感官动词有smell,sound,taste,fell等。使役动词有let,make,have,help,hear,see,watch,notice,look,listen.

例如：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

6.一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态。如：have, belong to 等。

各种时态的被动语态试题

第一部分习题

1.Hundreds of jobs ______ （lose）if the factory closes.

2.The construction of the two new railway lines __________(complete) by tomorrow.

3.His new book______(publish) yesterday.

4.The sports meet ___ (hold) until next week.

5.It is said that the early European playing-cards______ (design) for entertainment and education.

6.Visitors ____(request) not to touch the exhibits .

7.This English song______ (often sing) by the girls after class.

8.The hero’s story _____ ( report) differently in the newspapers now.

9.The People's Republic of China ___ (found) on October 1, 1949.

10.The old bridge in my hometown___ ( rebuild) next month.

11. -- I don't suppose the police know who did it.

-- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________(question) now.

12.I have to go to work by taxi because my car ______ (repair) at the garage.

13. Who was the book______(write) by?

14.This climate is ideal for growing roses, so Portland ____(call) “ the city of roses”.

15.Where _______ ( be) these boxes made?

16.English ________ (speak) in Canada.

17. This kind of car ___（make） in Japan.

18.More space explorations _______(make) in the future by the Chinese people.

19.New computers ___ (use) all over the world.

20.Rainforests _______ （cut）and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.