跨文化交际与翻译真题

一、案例分析 (答题说明：每题10分，合计分。

)1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college.Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doingTony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues.Bill: Oh, have a good timeTony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened Bill: WhatTony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put them away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them. I must say I felt a bit m iffed after all the trouble I’d taken.参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West三、跨文化单选 (答题说明：每题1分，合计分。

)C22. Cathy is talking to her friends Bill and Tod outside the cinema.Cathy: Well, what did you think of the film, thenBill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn’t you think so Tod:A) Well, maybe.B) No, I don’t like it.C) Yes, in a way. But I’ve seen better.D) Yes. I dare say you’re right. But I’ve seen better.D23. At Samantha’s flat, Ruth has just told Sandy that she is really fed up with her present job.Sandy: Well, Ruth, maybe you ought to try and get another one. It shouldn’t be too hard for someone like you.Ruth:Yes, I could do that, I suppose. Well, I can think about it anyway.Sandy:A) Yes, you do that.B) That’s the spirit.C) That’s your way out.D) Good.D24. Beth is talking to her friend, Brenda.Beth: I wonder if you’d mind posting this letter for me on your way home, BrendaBrenda:A) You’re welcome.B) I don’t care.C) I don’t mind.D) Sure.A25. Situation: Xiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr Yoder, talks to him.Yoder: Your English is quite fluent.Ma:A) Thank you. It’s kind of you to say so.B) No, no, my English is poor.C) No, not at all.D) Oh, no. Far from that, I still have a long way to go.B26. Betty is a foreign student in China. She has met Zheng Yu. Betty: I was told that you won the 100-meter race in the all city track meet this morning. Congratulations!Zheng Yu:A) Just lucky.B) Thank you.C) I can’t say I did well this mo rning.D) I could have done better if it hadn’t been so cold.B27. Your friend’s mother, Mrs Yoder, asked if you would like something to eat. What would you say to refuse politelyA) Not for the moment, thank you, Mrs Yoder. I’m full.B) No, thanks, I’ve just had lunch.C) Oh, no, Mrs Yoder. I haven’t long had lunch.D) I’m full and have no room for any more.A28. Mr Timms has arrived for a meeting which, unfortunately, has been cancelled.Mrs Banks: I’m terribly sorry about not letting you know soo ner,Mr Timmes, but unfortunately it was cancelled at the last minute and there simply wasn’t enough time to inform everyone.Mr Timms:A) Oh, don’t let it worry you, Mrs Banks. I quite understand.B) Oh, that’s OK, Mrs Banks. I understand.C) Oh, it d oesn’t matter, Mrs Banks.D) Oh, don’t worry about it, Mrs Banks.B29. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask:A) Is he your…B) How are you relatedC) Who’s that womanD) What’s the relationship between you and that womanA30. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.Li:A) Good afternoon, Professor Blake.B) Are you going to the filmC) Where are you goingD) You’re going to the film, aren’t youA31. When introducing yourself to someone you don’t know at a party, what would you sayA) Hi, I’m …B) May I introduce myself to you and at the same time I make your acquaintance7C) Hi, I’d like to meet y ou.D) Hi, I’m … Do you know many people hereB32. Jack phones Xiao Song’s office.Jack: Hello, I’d like to speak to Song Hua, please. Song:A) I’m Song Hua.B) This is Song Hua speaking.C) This is me.D) It’s me here.D33. You’ve just been asked out to dinner but you don’t want to go with the person who invited you. You might say:A) I don’t think so. I already have plans.B) No, I really don’t enjoy being with you.C) I’m dieting so I mustn’t go out to eat.D) Thanks a lot but I’m busy tonig ht.B34. Lucy met his teacher, Mrs South, outside the library. Lucy: Good morning, Lucy. How are youMrs South: Very well, thank you, Lucy, and how are you Lucy:A) Oh, can’t complain.B) I’m very well, too, thank you.C) Same old thing.D) OK.B35. Mr Green’s secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr Barnes for her boss.What would Miss Kent say when she meet Mr BarnesA) Excuse me, would you be Mr BarnesB) Are you Mr BarnesC) Excuse me, would you please tell me if you are Mr BarnesD) You are Mr Barnes, aren’t youA36. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would she sayA) Would you mind if I said no, PatrickB) Can’t you stay without smokingC) It’s not OK.D) No, of course not.43-47 题共用题干：Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb throughtheir phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged. The world’s three top central bankers are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters, as are the world’s five richest men （Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht）.Can this merely be coincidenceOne theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and israrely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, and lists of conference speakers: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.A43. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA cars and Zodiac earsA） A kind of overlooked inequality.B） A type of conspicuous bias.C） A type of personal prejudice.D） A kind of brand discrimination.D44. What can we infer from the first three paragraphsA） In both East and West, names are essential to success.B） The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman. C）Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names. D） Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. C45. The 4th paragraph suggests that ______.A） questions are often put to the more intelligent students B） alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC） teachers should pay attention to all of their students D） students should be seated according to their eyesightB46. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” in Paragraph 5A） They are getting impatient.B） They are noisily dozing off.C） They are feeling humiliated.D） They are busy with word puzzles.D47. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text A）People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B） VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. C） The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D） Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.48-52 题共用题干：What the dream-phantasy does with the physical stimuli cannot be regarded as purposeful. The phantasy plays a tantalizing game with them, and represents the organic source of the stimuli of the dream in question by any sort of plastic symbolism. Indeed, Scherner holds that the dream-phantasy has a certain favorite symbol for the organism as a whole: namely, the house. Fortunately, however, for its representations, it does not seem to limit itself to this material; it may also employ a whole series of houses to designate a single organ; for example, very long streets of houses for the intestinal stimulus. In other dreams particular parts of the house may actually represent particular regions of the body, as in the headache-dream, when the ceiling of the room （which the dream sees covered with disgusting toad-like spiders） represents the head.Quite apart from the symbol of the house, any other suitable object may be employed to represent those parts of the body which excite the dream. Thus the breathing lungs find their symbol in the flaming stove with its windy roaring, the heart in hollow chests and baskets, the bladder in round, ball-shaped, or simply hollow objects. It is particularly noteworthy that at the end of such a physically stimulated dream the phantasy, as it were, unmasks itself by representing the exciting organ or its function unconcealed. Thus the “tooth-exci ted dream” usually ends with the dreamer taking a tooth out of his mouth. The dream-phantasy may, however, direct its attention not merely to the form of the exciting organ, but may even make the substance contained therein the object of symbolization. Thus, for example, the dream excited by the intestinal stimuli may lead us through muddy streets, the dream due to stimuli from the bladder to foaming water. Or the stimulus as such, the nature of its excitation, and the object which it covets, are represented symbolically. Or, again, the dream-ego enters into a concrete association with the symbolization of its own state; as, for example, when in the case of painful stimuli we struggle desperately with vicious dogs or raging bulls. Disregarding all the possible lengthiness of elaboration, a phantasticsymbolizing activity remains as the central force of every dream.B48. The dream-phantasy tends to represent the organism as a whole by ______.A） a symbol B） a house C） a street D） a symbolA49. According to the passage, which symbolization is probable in a dreamA） a ceiling covered with spiders represents a head.B） spiders represent a room.C） roaring wind represents a breathing lung.D） a ball represents a heart in chest.C50. According to the passage, at the end of a physically stimulated dream, ______.A） the dreamer dreams to take a tooth out of his mouthB） the dreamer dreams to take off his maskC） the phantasy usually reveals which organ excited the dreamD） the phantasy becomes very clear and excitingD51. What can we infer from the last paragraphA） Dreams can be excited by the intestinal stimuli.B） The dream-phantasy may not direct its attention to the exciting organ.C） Vicious dogs or raging bulls are commonly seen in bad dreams. D） When we dream of foaming water, we may be feeling unwell in bladder.A52. What does the passage mainly talk aboutA） The dream-phantasy, physical stimuli and symbolization. B） The dream-phantasy plays an interesting game with physical stimuli.C） Parts of the body excite the dream.D） Phantasy is the central force of dreams.53-57 题共用题干：In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of“mastery”—feeling important and worth-while, and the sources of what we call a sense “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable are not always identical. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You chose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—What’s all this about wanting a career” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other dimensions, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were not employed.A woman’s well-being is enhanced when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.D53. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______. A）for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”B） fo r women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”C）women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same timeD） a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both indispensable to womenB54. The au thor’s attitude towards women having a career is ______.A） critical B） positive C） neutral D） realisticD55. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ______.A） it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain B） she will be more successful in her careerC） her chances of getting promoted will be greaterD） her life will be richer and more meaningfulA56. Which of the following can be identified as a source of “pleasure” for womenA） Family life.B） Regular employment.C） Multiple roles in society.D） Freedom from anxiety.C57. The most appropriate title for the passage would be “______”.A） The Well-being of Career WomenB） Sources of Mastery and PleasureC）Two Aspects of Women’s Wel l-beingD） Freedom Roles Women in Society案例分析范围：gift giving，ethnicentrism ，self reliance，polite invitation，attitude toward compliment ，democracy，都在课件上或者课本上出现过。