心脏泵功能的测量方法
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38
舒张相相关环节或分子
•动作电位平台期 •LTCC失活特性 •Na-Ca exchanger特性 •细胞膜Ca2+-ATP酶活性 •SERCA活性 •肌原纤维对Ca2+的敏感性
39
谢 谢！
40
31
E
90 80
Per cent rod-shaped cells
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
** **
#
F resh cells W ith calcium
A fter 4 h
A fter stim ulating
分离心肌细胞
32
33
34
Time from peak to 75% relaxation (ms)
心脏泵功能的 测量方法
1
1)有哪些方法，为什么需要采用这些方法？
2)有哪些参数，这些参数的生理学意义是什么？
3)功能的研究如何提示机制的改变？
2
心功能测量方法
In vivo 1. 超声法 2. 超声+导管法 In vitro 1. Langendorff mode 2. Working heart mode 3. Papillary muscle 4. Skinned fibers 5. Single cardiomyocyte
3
Cardiac output CO=HR×SV
Nerve Humoral factors
SV=LVEDV-LVESV
Preload Contractility Afterload
Cardiac contractility is the intrinsic ability of heart muscle to generate force and to shorten, independently of changes in the 4 preload or afterload with fixed heart rates.
13
3. Langendorff mode －主动脉逆行灌注法
14
15
实验条件
灌流压－60 mmHg 前负荷－水囊内压7 mmHg Pacing at 6 Hz (360 beats/min)
16
心收缩功能参数
(1)Left ventricle end-systolic pressure (LVESP)-mmHg (2)LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (3)Left ventricle developed pressure (LVDP or LVDevP= LVESP-LVEDP) (4)Heart Rate (HR)-beats per minute (5)Rate Pressure Product (RPP)= LVDP x HR-mmHg/sec (6) dP/dtmin and dP/dtmax-mmHg/msec (7) Coronary Flow (ml/min)
21
Millar压力导管
22
LVESP
TPT
TR75
23
主动脉压力 左心室内压
(Millar导管)
左心室射血时间 每搏输出量 每搏功
24
心收缩功能参数
(1)Cardiac output (2)Coronary flow (3)Pressure in aorta and left atrium (4)LVESP (5)LVEDP (6)Heart rate (7)Oxygen consumption (8)Heart work (Power)(J/min/g)=cardiac output (ml/min/g)×aortic pressure(mmHg)×1.33×10-4 (j/mmHg/ml)
The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR)
11
Load-independent parameters of contractility (1)Ees : slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume
68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42
Time to peak shortening (ms)
CON 2wk T4 4wk T4
80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 1 2
CON 2wk T4 4wk T4
** ** ## **
##
** ** ** ** ## ** ## ** ##
relationship
(2)Slope of dP/dtmax-EDV relation (3)PRSW(preload-recruitable stroke work)
Slope of cardiac stroke work (pressure×volume)-EDV relation
12
Millar压力-容积导管
8
射血相指标 Peak VCF dV/dt dD/dt EF/ET 等容舒张相指标 －dP/dtmax TR1/2 or TR75
9
Pressure-volume loop
D, mitral valve opening A, end-diastole B, aortic valve opening and the beginning of ejection C, aortic valve closure 10
LVEDV = (5/6)π(LVDd/2)2×Ld LVESV＝(5/6)π(LVDs/2)2×Ls
LV mass＝1.05({(5/6)π[(LVDd＋IVSd＋PWd)/
(Ld＋WTad)}－[(5/6)π(LVDd/2)2×
7
2. 超声+导管法
一般指标 •SP/DP/MAP •LVESP/LVEDP •HR 等容收缩相指标 •dP/dtmax •t-dP/dtmax •dP/dtmax/LVEDP •dP/dt40 or dP/dt50 •dP/dt50/LVEDVI
17
(7)Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2)
氧电极测肺动脉中冠脉流出液的氧含量 MVO2 = (% O2 perfusate - % O2 pulmonary artery )× Coronary Flow×Atmospheric Pressure / 760 x O2 Solubility×O2 Density O2 solubility=23.9 μl/ml O2 density=0.03933 μmol/μl at 37℃
(8)Cardiac efficiency (%)=RPP/MVO2
18
4.Working heart mode
19
20
Parameters in mouse heart
Body weight(g) 25-35 140-180 Heart weight(mg) In vivo Heart rate(bpm) 600-655 Blood pressure(mmHg) 135/106 In vitro Heart rate(bpm) 250-480 Perfusion pressure(mmHg) 50-60 3.0-12.0 Cardiac output (ml/min) Coronary flow(ml/min) 1.6-3.2 14.0 Stroke volume (µl) Cardiac work(mmHg . ml/min ) 150-600
1. 超声法
5
1. 左室舒张末期内径(LVDd) 2. 左室收缩末期内径(LVDs) 3. 左室短轴缩短率(FS) 4. 左室舒张末期室间隔厚度(LVSd) 5. 左室收缩末期室间隔厚度(LVSs) 6. 左室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWd) 7. 左室收缩末期后壁厚度(LVPWs)
6
左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV) 左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)
Biblioteka Baidu
45
A
CON T4
* *
Cardiac output (ml/min)
40
35
30
*
25
20 0 5 10 15
Preload (mmHg)
27
28
5. Skinned fibers
29
Skinned fibers—张力-pCa曲线
30
6. Papillary muscle and single cardiomyocyte
25
(9)Contractility (dP/dtmax), relaxation (-dP/dtmin) (10)Time to peak pressure, half time of relaxation 处理条件 (1)Response to pharmacological stimulation (2)Response to electrical stimulation (3)Change in ion composition (4)responses to work load (Starling relationship) 数据分析 (1)5-15 heart beats (2)Time required to process data from one experiment is approximately 10-20 min 26 (3)Using a double-blinded method
Frequency (Hz)
3 4
**
** ** ##
1
2
3
4
Frequency (Hz)
35
36
兴奋-收缩耦联与机制研究
37
收缩相相关环节或分子
•细胞膜Na-K ATP酶活性—静息电位 •动作电位平台期 •LTCC激活特性 •Na-Ca exchanger特性 •RyR开放特性 •肌原纤维对Ca2+的敏感性
舒张相相关环节或分子
•动作电位平台期 •LTCC失活特性 •Na-Ca exchanger特性 •细胞膜Ca2+-ATP酶活性 •SERCA活性 •肌原纤维对Ca2+的敏感性
39
谢 谢！
40
31
E
90 80
Per cent rod-shaped cells
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
** **
#
F resh cells W ith calcium
A fter 4 h
A fter stim ulating
分离心肌细胞
32
33
34
Time from peak to 75% relaxation (ms)
心脏泵功能的 测量方法
1
1)有哪些方法，为什么需要采用这些方法？
2)有哪些参数，这些参数的生理学意义是什么？
3)功能的研究如何提示机制的改变？
2
心功能测量方法
In vivo 1. 超声法 2. 超声+导管法 In vitro 1. Langendorff mode 2. Working heart mode 3. Papillary muscle 4. Skinned fibers 5. Single cardiomyocyte
3
Cardiac output CO=HR×SV
Nerve Humoral factors
SV=LVEDV-LVESV
Preload Contractility Afterload
Cardiac contractility is the intrinsic ability of heart muscle to generate force and to shorten, independently of changes in the 4 preload or afterload with fixed heart rates.
13
3. Langendorff mode －主动脉逆行灌注法
14
15
实验条件
灌流压－60 mmHg 前负荷－水囊内压7 mmHg Pacing at 6 Hz (360 beats/min)
16
心收缩功能参数
(1)Left ventricle end-systolic pressure (LVESP)-mmHg (2)LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (3)Left ventricle developed pressure (LVDP or LVDevP= LVESP-LVEDP) (4)Heart Rate (HR)-beats per minute (5)Rate Pressure Product (RPP)= LVDP x HR-mmHg/sec (6) dP/dtmin and dP/dtmax-mmHg/msec (7) Coronary Flow (ml/min)
21
Millar压力导管
22
LVESP
TPT
TR75
23
主动脉压力 左心室内压
(Millar导管)
左心室射血时间 每搏输出量 每搏功
24
心收缩功能参数
(1)Cardiac output (2)Coronary flow (3)Pressure in aorta and left atrium (4)LVESP (5)LVEDP (6)Heart rate (7)Oxygen consumption (8)Heart work (Power)(J/min/g)=cardiac output (ml/min/g)×aortic pressure(mmHg)×1.33×10-4 (j/mmHg/ml)
The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR)
11
Load-independent parameters of contractility (1)Ees : slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume
68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42
Time to peak shortening (ms)
CON 2wk T4 4wk T4
80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 1 2
CON 2wk T4 4wk T4
** ** ## **
##
** ** ** ** ## ** ## ** ##
relationship
(2)Slope of dP/dtmax-EDV relation (3)PRSW(preload-recruitable stroke work)
Slope of cardiac stroke work (pressure×volume)-EDV relation
12
Millar压力-容积导管
8
射血相指标 Peak VCF dV/dt dD/dt EF/ET 等容舒张相指标 －dP/dtmax TR1/2 or TR75
9
Pressure-volume loop
D, mitral valve opening A, end-diastole B, aortic valve opening and the beginning of ejection C, aortic valve closure 10
LVEDV = (5/6)π(LVDd/2)2×Ld LVESV＝(5/6)π(LVDs/2)2×Ls
LV mass＝1.05({(5/6)π[(LVDd＋IVSd＋PWd)/
(Ld＋WTad)}－[(5/6)π(LVDd/2)2×
7
2. 超声+导管法
一般指标 •SP/DP/MAP •LVESP/LVEDP •HR 等容收缩相指标 •dP/dtmax •t-dP/dtmax •dP/dtmax/LVEDP •dP/dt40 or dP/dt50 •dP/dt50/LVEDVI
17
(7)Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2)
氧电极测肺动脉中冠脉流出液的氧含量 MVO2 = (% O2 perfusate - % O2 pulmonary artery )× Coronary Flow×Atmospheric Pressure / 760 x O2 Solubility×O2 Density O2 solubility=23.9 μl/ml O2 density=0.03933 μmol/μl at 37℃
(8)Cardiac efficiency (%)=RPP/MVO2
18
4.Working heart mode
19
20
Parameters in mouse heart
Body weight(g) 25-35 140-180 Heart weight(mg) In vivo Heart rate(bpm) 600-655 Blood pressure(mmHg) 135/106 In vitro Heart rate(bpm) 250-480 Perfusion pressure(mmHg) 50-60 3.0-12.0 Cardiac output (ml/min) Coronary flow(ml/min) 1.6-3.2 14.0 Stroke volume (µl) Cardiac work(mmHg . ml/min ) 150-600
1. 超声法
5
1. 左室舒张末期内径(LVDd) 2. 左室收缩末期内径(LVDs) 3. 左室短轴缩短率(FS) 4. 左室舒张末期室间隔厚度(LVSd) 5. 左室收缩末期室间隔厚度(LVSs) 6. 左室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWd) 7. 左室收缩末期后壁厚度(LVPWs)
6
左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV) 左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)
Biblioteka Baidu
45
A
CON T4
* *
Cardiac output (ml/min)
40
35
30
*
25
20 0 5 10 15
Preload (mmHg)
27
28
5. Skinned fibers
29
Skinned fibers—张力-pCa曲线
30
6. Papillary muscle and single cardiomyocyte
25
(9)Contractility (dP/dtmax), relaxation (-dP/dtmin) (10)Time to peak pressure, half time of relaxation 处理条件 (1)Response to pharmacological stimulation (2)Response to electrical stimulation (3)Change in ion composition (4)responses to work load (Starling relationship) 数据分析 (1)5-15 heart beats (2)Time required to process data from one experiment is approximately 10-20 min 26 (3)Using a double-blinded method
Frequency (Hz)
3 4
**
** ** ##
1
2
3
4
Frequency (Hz)
35
36
兴奋-收缩耦联与机制研究
37
收缩相相关环节或分子
•细胞膜Na-K ATP酶活性—静息电位 •动作电位平台期 •LTCC激活特性 •Na-Ca exchanger特性 •RyR开放特性 •肌原纤维对Ca2+的敏感性