语法规则-动词不定式

(一)

动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结

1.作目的状语:

I came here to see you.

To stop the train, pull the lever downwards.

目的状语还可以用如下表达法：

肯定：

to

in order to + 动词原形

so as to

I come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come so as to see her.

that

so that + 主语+ may/might + 动词原形

in order that

I come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may see her.

否定：

not to

in order not to + 动词原形

so as not to

that

so that + 主语+ may/might + not + 动词原形

in order that

He went away not to see me.

= He went away in order not to see me.

= He went away so as not to see me.

= He went away in order that he might not see me.

= He went away that he might not see me.

= He went away so that he might not see me.

in order to, in order that和so as to, so that的区别

in order to可以用在句首或句末，但so as to只能用在句末。如：

He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.

In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early.（此时不能用so as to）

so as to 和in order to的汉语意思应该是一样的“为的是，为了”。它们的英语功能也是一样的，都可以用来引导目的状语。它们的不同之处就在于so as to 不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用in order to.另外，

1.in order to 一般用in order that加从句来替换；而so as to 一般用so that加从句来替

换。in order that 可以在句首，so that和so as to 一样不能在句首。

2.当这两个短语后的不定式动词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，“in order to , so as to

+不定式”可以简化为“不定式”

In order to get to school on time, he got up earlier.这个句子可以表达为下列几种方式：In order that he could get to school on time, he got up earlier.

He got up earlier in order to get to school on time.

He got up earlier in order that he could get to school on time.

He got up earlier so as to get to school on time.

He got up earlier so that he could get to school on time.

To get to school on time, he got up earlier. （这种不定式有时可以表示目的以外的状语）

注意：不定式本身有自己的主语时，可用“for…to”来表示。如：

My father bought a new book for me to read.

2.作结果状语:

He hurried to the school to find nobody there.

What have I done to offend you?

结果状语还可以用如下表达法：

as to + 动词原形

+ (表示正面的结果，解释为

that + 主语+ can/could + 动词原形

adj

= + enough to + 动词原形(表示正面的结果，解释为“如此...以至于”) adv

He studied so hard as to pass the examination.

= He studied so hard that he could pass the examination.

= He studied hard enough to pass the examination

注意：enough与形容词或副词连用时，要置于形容词或副词之后。

The water is warm enough for us to swim.

I wish you’d write clearly enough for us to read it.

enough可置于名词前做修饰语，在正式语体中有时可以放在名词后。

Have you got enough room/room enough to seat all of us?

adj adj

too + + to …= so + + that + 主语+cannot + 动词原形adv adv

adj

= not + + enough to + 动词原形(表示反面的结果，解释为“太...以至不能”) adv

You are too young to learn to drive.

= You are so young that you can’t learn to drive.

= You are not old enough to learn to drive.

such as to ... 和such...as to及such that…和such…that…的区别

1. such 有两种词性：名词性的不定代词和形容词。正是由于词性不同，所以在表示“如

此...以致于” 这种意思时就出现了两种不同的结构。

such as to ... 中的such 属于不定代词，指代上文提到过的人或事物，意思是“这样的人/如此的事物”，如：

The case has been such as to prove true. 情况已经如此，以致于证明是真实的。

Their anxiety was such as for them not to be able to sleep. 他们如此焦虑，以致于难以入睡。

2. such ... as to ... 中的such 属于形容词，需要放在名词前作定语，意思是“这样的/如此

的...”，如：

We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们不是那样的蠢人, 以致于能够相信他。

She had such a fright as to faint. 她如此吃惊以致于吓得昏了过去。

Such as to 和such...as to 中，如果把不定式加上主语改为结果状语从句，就变成了such that ... 和such ... that ...。以下就是上面句子改写成的从句：