简明英语语法教程共40页

复数的一些习惯用法
只以复数形式出现的词：trousers, jeans, scissors,glasses,等 往往和“a pair of ” 连用。
以s结尾的名词但非复数：mathematics, economics, physics politics(政治）, news, gymnastics
名词的规则复数形式
一般情况加s，如desks, books, girls, 以 s,x,sh,ch收尾的词，加es,如glasses,roses,brushes,churches 以f或fe结尾的词，则一般变为ves, 如:wife(wives),bookshelf(bookshelves),wolf(wolves),thief(thieves)
可数名词和不可数名词
个体名词和集体名词一般都是可数的，如：two computers a happy family, two football teams.
抽象名词和物质名词一般都是不可数的，如 Translation is an art. 翻译是一种艺术。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声的速度快。
everyone else’s opinion • 固定词组：at one’s wit’s end, a stone’s throw • 表示度量，时间，空间，如a week’s holiday, today’s post, • 表示某些国家，城市，天体等名称的，the earth’s surface,
某些外来词的特殊的变化: curriculum(curricula)课程， bacterium(bacteria)细菌，medium(media)媒体，crisis(crises)危机， basis(bases)基础
复合名词的复数形式
主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by, son(s)-in-law, commander(s)-in-chief,editor(s)-in- chief 等
名词的不规则复数形式
变内部元音：foot-feet, man-men, mouse-mice,tooth-teeth, woman-women, goose-geese,ox-oxen,child-children.
单复数同形：deer, sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, means,series,等
以辅音+y结尾的词，则变y为i，再加es, 如party(parties),city(cities) family(families), university(universities)
名词的规则复数形式
以辅音+o结尾的，一般加es,如hero(heroes),potato(potatoes),tomato (tomatoes), echo(echoes),但有一些外来词只加s，如piano(pianos), radio(radios),photo(photos),studio(studios). 有关字母，数字，缩写词以及引语的复数形式详见书本（略）
a ten-pound note, two 14-year-old girls, a four-week holiday a six-minute walk, five-foot tall(五英尺高）
Three years is a long time to be without a job. Six miles is too far for me to walk. I’m going to take a taxi.
可数与不可数名词间的转化
The trees are now in flower. 可数的个体名词转化为不可 There’s no school tomorrow. 数的物质名词
Long Jing is a well-known tea. Two coffees, please. We met with many difficulties. He’s had many odd experiences.
名词的所有格
’s 所有格的构成方法： • 单数名词在末尾加’s，the boy’s father • 以s结尾的复数形式名词，末尾仅加’,如the two boys’mother • 以s结尾的单数人名变为所有格时，一般加’s,Thomas’s brother • 几个词作为一个单位时,’s应加在最后一个词的末，
最末一个构成部分变为复数形式：film-goer(s), go-between(s), good-for-nothing(s), forget-me-not(s)勿忘我
两个构成部分都变为复数：man-doctor(men-doctors), man cook (men cooks), man-writer(men-writers),woman-doctor(women-doctors) woman cook(women cooks),woman writer(women writers).
Biblioteka Baidu
不可数的物质名词和抽 象名词转化为可数名词
不可数名词“一件”、“一个”的表 达法
补充：
a piece of news(work,information,furniture) a bar of chocolate, a block of ice, a burst of applause（一阵掌 声） a fit of anger(一顿脾气）, a loaf of bread, a slip of paper, a(large)sum of money.
简明英语语法教程
第一单元 名词
名词（Noun)
专有名词 London Mary the United Nations 个体名词 table, computer,gun
普通名词
集体名词 family, committee 物质名词 rain, fire, air
抽象名词 youth, success, beauty