第三章 法律翻译基本原则

第三章法律翻译基本原则
教学目标：1、了解有关翻译基本原则；
2、清楚法律翻译基本原则。

教学要点：
一、普通翻译的基本原则
1、严复：信、达、雅；
2、林雨堂：忠实、通顺、美；
3、鲁迅：宁信而不顺；
4、钱中书：化境；
5、奈达：动态对等。

关于翻译的基本原则争论，实际上仍然围绕直译与意译展开。

二、法律翻译的基本原则
1、从准确性到精确性
例1、1）、董事会会议应有三分之二以上董事出席方能举行。

请比较：（1）、two-thirds or more；（2）、over two-thirds （3）above two-thirds 2）、中外合资经营企业投资总额在500万美圆以上至2000万美圆（含2000万美圆）的，其注册资本至少应占投资总额的五分之二。

请比较：（1）、Where the total investment of a Sino-foreign equity joint venture is between 5 million US dollars and 20 US dollars (30 Us dollars inclusive)，the registered capital thereof shall account for 40% of the total investment.
（2）、Where the total investment of a Sino-foreign equity joint venture is 5 million US dollars or more but 20 million US dollars or less (including 20 million US dollars)，the registered capital thereof shall account for 40% of the total investment.
3）、外国合营者如果故意以落后技术和设备进行欺骗，造成损失的，应赔偿损失。

参考译文：If the foreign joint venturer causes any losses by deception through the intentional use of backward technology and equipment, he shall pay compensation for the aforesaid losses.
4）、如遇任何一方的行为构成实质性违约，其他各方应当首先按本合同4.1.3约定程序发出敦促履约通知书。

如遇违约方在收到该通知书后30天内仍不履行本合同约定义务的，守约方有权要求违约方除支付因违约给守约方造成的直接经济损失外，有权另行要求违约方向守约方支付惩罚性违约金300，000美元。

2、一致性与同一性（即法律文字恪守译名同一律）
例2、The Customs supervising fees on the import goods granted with duty reduction or exemption and that on the goods in bond shall be collected in accordance with concerning regulations governing the collection of Customs Supervising Fees on Import Goods Granted with Duty Reduction or Exemption and the Bonded Goods.
同一性（consistency），是指同一词汇表达同一意义，；一致性（identity），是指在某一法律文本当中，坚持对同一概念坚持使用同一表达方式，就这个意
义而言，千篇一律就是美。

3、清晰原则（clarity）
例3、1）、The Seller shall notify the Purchaser of such application and the terms of extension granted within 30 days of each event.
参考译文：卖方须将申请与批准延期的条款分别于申请与申请获得批准的30天内通知买方。

请思考：译文有歧义吗？有无改进余地？
2）、Any income tax on income earned by consultant within the PRC pursuant to this contract and subject to taxation according to the Income Tax Law of the PRC Concerning Enterprises and other laws and regulations shall be paid by consultant.
4、简练原则（concision）
例4、
1）、Despites repeated requests and demands of our client, you failed and still fail to pay the aforesaid sum to our client.
译文：尽管委托人多次要求贵方还款，贵方未曾、至今仍然没有清缴上述款项。

设问：有改进余地吗？
课后作业：
一、英译汉
1、In order to acquire additional manufacturing capacity and maintain a higher
value of working capital for the expansion of operations of the Joint Venture Company, the parties have decided to increase the total investment of the Joint Venture Company.
2、The failure of either party at any time to require performance of any provision
hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.
3、The borrower shall not do or cause or suffer anything to be done whereby the
lender’s interest may be prejudiced.
4、The Respondent shall continue to pay for the child’s education unless and
until the child has reached the age of 18.
5、You are estopped from claiming any fees from me.。