专题一 句子成分及简单句型结构

专题一句子成分及简单句型结构

要点归纳：

一、句子成分：

组成句子的各个部分叫作________。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：______，_______，_______，________，_______，________，_________。

二、简单句的基本句型1.____________________

2.____________________

3.___________________

4.____________________

5.___________________

精讲点拨：

一、句子成分

1、主语——表明句子说明的人或事物，主语常用名词、代词，数词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:

Lily likes her new bike.(名词)

He gets up early every day.(代词)

Seeing is believing .（动名词短语）

What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

2、谓语——说明说明主语的动作、状态和特征。英语中谓语只能用动词

．．充当。例如：

We work hard.

The boy caught a bird.

He is my father.

They all look fine.

谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：

I am reading. You are reading.

He\She is reading. We are reading.

3、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名词）

I saw him yesterday. （代词）。

He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）

直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：He gave me some ink .

间接宾语直接宾语

Our teacher told us an interesting story.

间接宾语直接宾语

4、表语——系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：

My sister is a nurse.（名词）

They were at home.（介词短语）

She got angry. （形容词）

Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。

The question is whether they will come.(从句)

5、定语——修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

例如：

This is a green cup.（形容词）

Are these students your classmates? （代词）

Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语）

I have something important to tell you.（不定式）

The people here are very friendly.（副词）

You should do everything that I do.（从句）

注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。

6、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如：

You are quite right .（副词）你非常正确。

Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike.(介词短语)

She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介词短语）

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.（从句）

7、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：

We call her Xiao L i.

宾语宾语补足语

You must keep the room clean and tidy.

宾语宾语补足语

John asked me to help him with his Chinese.

宾语宾语补足语

I will have my hair cut tomorrow.

宾语宾语补足语

We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just n ow.

宾语宾语补足语

句子成分巧记歌诀

主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。

句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。

定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。

主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。

巩固练习

Exercises:

指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。

1．We all study hard at English.

A. 主语

B. 谓语

C. 宾语

D.表语2．Betty likes her new bike very much.

A. 主语

B.谓语

C.宾语

D.表语

3．My brother is a policeman.

A. 主语

B.谓语

C.宾语

D.表语

4．Were you at home last night?

A.定语

B.状语

C.宾补

D.表语5．Winter is the coldest season of the year.

A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语

6．He often walks in the park.

A.定语

B.状语

C.宾语

D.表语7．Mary asked me to help her yesterday.

A.定语

B.状语

C.宾补

D.表语8．He bought me a nice present last week.

A.宾语

B.直接宾语

C.间接宾语

D.宾补9．His parents are doctors.

A.宾语

B.表语

C.谓语

D.定语10．I’ll get you some tea now.

A.宾语

B.直接宾语

C.间接宾语

D.宾补11．My mother told us an interesting story last night.

A.表语

B.直接宾语

C.间接宾语

D.宾补12．He has read the book twice.

A.主语

B.谓语

C.表语

D.宾语13．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.

A.表语

B.谓语

C.宾语

D.定语

14．Do you have something to eat ?

A.状语

B.定语

C.宾语

D.宾补

15．We made him our monitor.

A.宾语

B.定语

C. 状语

D.宾补

二、简单句的基本句型：