考点一 语法一致原则

考点一语法一致原则

主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。

1．由and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(若连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式)。如：

Tom and Mike are good friends．汤姆和迈克是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students．露西和莉莉都是学生。

Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop．店里出售咖啡和啤酒。

2．用one，every one，each one，any one，each，either，neither等+of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Every one of the students is studying hard．每个学生都在用功读书。

Neither of the girls is pretty．这两个女孩都不漂亮。

例Neither of the two brothers_______ with their parents．

A．the B．are living C．like to live D．lives

[解析] neither of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

[答案] D

3．不定代词either，neither，each one，the other，another，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有什么毛病吗?

Everyone is ready for the sports meeting．大家都为运动会做好准备了。

例______ of the boys in Class 4 is playing games．

A．All B．Each C．The both D．Everyone

[解析] each用作代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。本句动词是第三人称单数形式，故选B。[答案] B

4．不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：

To teach is to learn．教学相长。

Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危险。

例Playing basketball________ Dale’s favourite sport．

A．is B．are C．be D．were

[解析] 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

[答案] A

5．在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。

together with

along with(或with)

besides(或but／except)

as well as

A+ including + B + 谓语动词+ ……

rather than

like

in addition to

如：

The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week．那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次搏物馆。The captain, as well as the other players, was tired．队长还有其他那些队员都感到累了。

Alice，together with her boy friend, goes fishing every Sunday．艾丽丝和她男朋友每个星期天都一起去钓鱼。

The wallet, with the ID card and money, was lost．钱包，包括钱和身份证，都丢了。

Nobody but Xiao Wang and Xiao Li was in the classroom．只有小王和小李(当时)在教室里。

例Everyone except Tom and John_____ there when the meeting began．

A．are B．is C．were D．was

[解析] 主语后跟有with，except等词连接的短语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与这些词前面的名词保持一致。因句中时态为过去时，故选D。

[答案] D

6．由“some(of)，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most(of)，the rest(of)，all(of)，half(of)，分数或百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果所修饰的是可数名词，则谓语动词用复数；如果所修饰的是不可效名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：

Most of the students in our class were for the plan．我们班多数学生赞成这个计划。

Most of the water in the lake has been polluted by the factory．大部分湖水被这个工厂污染了。

I want these blue ones．The rest belong to you．我想要这些蓝色的，其余的归你。

Let us drink the water first．The rest is going to be given to them．我们先喝，剩下的再送给他们。

Half of the apples have been rotten．一半的苹果都已腐烂。

Half of the apple has been rotten．半个苹果已腐烂。

7．a number of+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of trees are cut down．许多树木被砍伐了。

The number of students in our class is 32．我们班的学生人数是32。

8．none作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。如：

---Is there any milk in the cup? 杯子里有牛奶吗? ---No, there is none．没有，一点也没有。

None of them has／have arrived．他们当中还没有人到达。

9．表示成双成套的名词。如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

My glasses were broken．我的眼镜坏了。

His trousers are dirty．They need washing．他的裤子很脏，需要洗涤。

注意：如果这类词被a pair／two pairs修饰．谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。如：

This pair of compasses was made in Beijing．这副圆规是北京制造的。

Five pairs of shoes have been sold out in the morning．早晨卖出去了五双鞋。

10．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”或“名词+of this kind”，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如：

A kind of birds has been discovered by them．他们发现了一种鸟。

11．在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如：

There comes the bus．汽车过来了。

Such were his words. 这就是他的原话。

考点二：意义一致原则

意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。