中国古典园林的和谐美

广西师范大学

硕士学位论文

中国古典园林的和谐美

姓名：靳莹

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：美学

指导教师：王朝元

20080401

中文摘要

在我国的文化传统中，“和谐”的思想源远流长，和谐的美学思想很早就被我国古代哲人称为最高意义的美。从最早音乐形式的和谐，到内容的和谐，再到形式和内容辨证的和谐，和谐这一美学观念在艺术实践中不断的发展完善。和谐美也成为各门艺术的审美准则和审美标准。中国古典园林作为融多种艺术形式为一体的一门综合艺术，更是把和谐美作为造园准则，处处体现一种和谐之美。其次，中国古代哲人认为，大自然和社会按其本性来说就是和谐的。中国古典园林的创建就是为了补偿人与大自然的隔离，并因此而被人们称为“第二自然”。在这样一个有限的空间内，就不仅要求艺术地再现大自然、超越大自然，更要体现与大自然的和谐。再者，我国的传统哲学思想一直都把追求人与自然的和谐作为理想的生存环境，以达到天人合一的境界，这一点与中国古典园林是契合相通的，也是园林所要追求和体现的。中国园林艺术一开始便以大自然为审美对象，通过人与景有机的联系，园林内部各要素之间、园林与自然、人与园林、人与自然之间处处呈现着一种和谐共生之美。天、地、人融为一体，从而将有限的园林景观寓于无限的宇宙天地之中，体现了和谐而永恒的宇宙观。

本文正是从园林的和谐美这一角度，从三个大的方面探讨了园林、自然与人之间的和谐统一。首先，形式的和谐是园林和谐的前提，因此这一部分主要用形式美的法则分析了园林内部的和谐统一。第二部分论述了园林与人的美善统一，根据古代不同时期的审美意识从比德到畅神、隐逸三个方面来阐述园林与人的关系。第三部分即从园林有若自然与胜似自然两个方面来探讨园林与自然的和谐统一。最后结语部分则是对前面三个部分内容的总结，针对当前人与自然的谐和关系问题作了深入研究，分析了中国古典园林对整个生态系统和谐的重要意义。

总之，本文从“和谐”这一基点出发，以哲学、美学为理论根基，以辨证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导，围绕中国古典园林的和谐美这一研究主题，将理论阐释与个案分析相结合，将古代与现代相结合，将西方与东方作以比较分析，力图阐释中国古典园林中所体现的真、善、美的和谐统一，揭示了中国古典园林的和谐美给建构现代和谐社会以及整个生态系统的和谐提供了精神文化资源，并为人们诗意地栖居以启悟和深思。

关键词：中国古典园林；和谐；文化意蕴

Chinese classical gardens of harmonious beauty

Graduate: Jin Ying Tutor: Prof.Wang Chaoyuan Specialty:Aesthetics Research direction: Aesthetics Grade: 2005

Abstract

In our country's cultural tradition, “harmonious” the thought is well-established, the harmonious esthetics thought was very early ancient times the philosopher is been called by our country the highest significance US. From the earliest music form's harmony, to the content harmony, arrives at the form and the content dialectical harmony again, harmonious this esthetics idea in artistic practice unceasing development consummation. With graceful and friendly also becomes various artistic the esthetic criterion and the esthetic standard. The Chinese historic garden achievement melts many kinds of artistic forms is a body's synthesis art, is and the graceful and friendly achievement landscape gardening criterion, everywhere manifests beauty one kind of harmony. Next, China ancient times the philosopher believed that the nature and the society according to its natural disposition are harmonious. The Chinese historic garden's foundation is to compensate the person and the nature isolation, therefore and is called by the people “the second nature”. Not only in this kind of limited space, request art reappears the nature, to surmount the nature, must manifest with the nature harmony. Furthermore, our country's tradition philosophic thinking has pursued the person and the natural harmonious achievement ideal living environment, achieves the boundary which the beauty unites, this point and the Chinese historic garden is the conjunction is interlinked, is also the botanical garden must pursue and manifest. China landscape art from the very beginning then take the nature as the esthetic object, through the human and the scenery organic relation, between botanical garden interior various essential factors, the botanical garden and the nature, the human and the botanical garden, the human and the nature everywhere is presenting beauty one kind of harmonious paragenesis. The day, the human merges into one organic whole, thus the limited botanical garden landscape will lie within in the infinite universe world, has manifested harmonious and the eternal worldview.