英语国家社会与文化入门期末论文

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英语国家社会与文化入门期末论文

The comparison of political system between The United Kingdom and the United States摘要英国、美国都是典型的西方民主制国家，但两国政治制度中的政体设计却各有不同，分形成了议会制、总统制。

但他们都创制了两院制的立法机构，承担所有成文法律的制定与修改。

英国将议会分为上院与下院，美国将议会分为参议院和众议院。

关键字：政治制度、两院制、立法机构I IntroductionAs we all know,once the United kingdom was called the empire which sun never down.After it went through World War I and World War II,thus Britain was then in an apparently strong economic position,a position it clearly no longer occupies,which indicates some sort of decline.In the meantime,America rouse abruptly.In 1783,the treaty of Paris was sighed and Britain had to recognize the independence of the United States.A new American nation was thus born.At present,it becomes the superpower nation.Why do the two nation so develop so fast?I think one of the most important reason is their advanced and progressive political system.II the comparison of the political system betweenBy learning their political systems,it can deepen our understanding about political civilization and we can learn its advantageous part and improve our own political system.So,I will make a comparison of the two nations’ basic political system.I The Constitution’s comparisonBritish governance today is bases upon the terms and conditions of the constitution.But it has no written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.Instead of having one particular document which lists out the basic principles of how a country should be governed,the foundations of the British state are laid out instatue law,the common laws and conventions.So its constitutional system is so complicated.On the contrary,America has its own written constitutions which is formed the first in the whole world.The constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government.A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts,with some rights reserved to each.II Political parties’ comparisonThe political parties play an important role in the western political system and have ultimate connections among the election,parliament,cabinet and so on.Therefore,it is very important to clearly realize them.Today,The United States has two major political parties.One is the Democratic Party whose symbol is the donkey.The other is the Republic Party whose symbol is the elephant.When the constituency is elected as president.he will become the representative of that party.Then,the governing party has the executive power without legislative power.Because America carries out the separation of power.For the United Kingdom,there is the party in power and shadow party.The leader of the party in power has the executive power and legislative power and can organize the cabinet.And the shadow partymake enough comparison for the next election.III The legislation’s comparisonI n America,the legislative institute is Congress.Its members are made up of elected representatives from all of the states and this is the only legislation branch that can make federal laws,levy federal taxes,declare war or put foreign treaties into effect.It consists of a Congress that is divided into two house:the house of Representative and the Senate.The house of Representatives’ lawmakers can serve two-year terms.After 2 years,it is necessary to elect the lawmakers again. The Senate’s lawmakers can serve six-year terms.The term of the senators are staggered,so that only one -third of the Senate is elected every two years.Each house member represents a district in his or her home state.What is more,the status and right of the two houses is equal.Also,the legislative right is exerted by two houses.In Britain,Parliament can pass laws and is supreme because it alone has the power to change the terms of the constitution.It consists of two houses:House of Lords and House of Commons.Lords,who were summoned “by name”,are not elected and are not considered to represent anyone besides themselves.The House of Commons’ member of Parliament is elected by General Elections.It is held every five years.In the General Election,the party which gets the majority vote becomes the party in power.The leader of this party is appointed as the prime ministerby queen or king.To ensure good relations between Crown and Parliament,the king or queen met regularly with a group of important Parliamentarians,a group which became known as the Cabinet.IV the institute of government’s comparisonThe oldest institute of government is the Monarchy which is used in Britain.At the beginning,the power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of the “divine right of kings”.So the king has the absolute and infinite rights.Through evolving many years later,the executive right has been transferred into the Cabinet’shands.Afterwards,the mutual relations among the parliament,cabinet and the king or queen finally arm confirmed.America is a federal country.It has the following features: First,the president governs the chief executive of the UnitedStates.Also,his power are formidable,but not withoutlimitations.Second,the executive branch and the legislative branch is separate and affect each other.This system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.To sum up,the two countries have their own national historical trace.There are some similarities.Both countries have multi-party system in the political parties.Everyone has the election right.Considering the two countries’ different conditions and history,there exists distinct difference in the political systems.参考文献。

英语国家社会与文化入门

加拿大法国人, 英国人, 第一民族 P268 the days of AngloSaxon dominance are gone
Canada
French Foundations Convert to English administration Loyalist English arrive after American Revolution p245
Ties to the mother country into the age of railroads. More peaceful in the 19th century
Page 241
And what does an English speaking wheat farmer in rural Saskatchewan have in common with a French-speaking corporate lawyer in the sophisticated city of Montreal
Seven Years War, p 245 七年战争
Acadia became English in 1710, Quebec in 1763 加拿大开始法语国家, 在七年战争变英语国家
France and England
法国和英国,
在欧洲和美洲
在美洲新法国是英国的
Seven Years War, p 248,240 七年战争
Lots of Hong Kong Chinese
British Columbia
British Columbia
Vancouver is a center of film production. van Coeverden became the name of a British sea Captain, Vancouver 30% Chinese—Taiwan, Hong Kong 52% have a first language other than English

英语国家社会与文化论文Howis...

英语国家社会与文化论文Howis...How the Power of the US President isChecked and BalancedThe separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers is a democratic political system which is adopted by many democratic countries in the world. As we all know, the purpose of the separation of powers is to avoid the existence of dictators.Montesquieu’s theory of “separation of powers”was highly respected by American leaders, and its essence has been written into the U.S constitution. Thus the United States is the most typical country. Marx and Engels once called the USA “the most perfect example of the modern state”.According to the Federal Constitution in 1787, legislative power is controlled by the congress, executive power is exercised by the President of the United States, and judicial power belongs to the supreme and inferior courts. Under the trend of executive power constantly expanding in many modern countries, how to well control it becomes a key issue. Our topic will be focused on the checks and balances of the legislative and judicial powers on the executive power.1、The checks and balances of the legislative power on theexecutive powerIn the first place, the President can nominate officials. However, hecan’t appoint officials until the Congress agrees. For example, in 1987, Senate finally vetoed President Reagan’s nomination of Leo.Secondly, the President does have the right to make treatieswith foreign countries, but not until 2/3 of the members of the Senate agreed, will the treaties take effect. For instance, after the end of the First World War, in June 1919, the U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signed the “V ersailles Peace Treaty” on behalf the United States. The Senate voted twice, but still the treaty was not approved.What’s more, the President can veto the bill passed by Congress. Nevertheless, if 2/3 of the members of both houses of Congress again pass the bill, this bill can take effect without the sign of the President. According to the record, President Ford formally used the right of veto 44 times, and 12 of them were overturned by Congress at last.Besides, in accordance with the Constitution, the House of Representatives has the right to impeach the President, and the Senate can inquest the case. Though this right is seldom used, in 1998, President Clinton was impeached by Congress because of his sex scandal.Last but not least, the Congress has the power to determine whether the President has the normal ability to fulfill his mandate and to take the responsibilities.2、The checks and balances of the judicial power on the executivepowerHamilton and Montesquieu’s theory on the judicial power has greatly influenced the U.S. Constitution. Now, let’s have a close look at this aspect.The judges of the Federal Supreme Court are appointed by the President, but once appointed, unless they commit a crime, they will be on the position for the whole life. That is to say, the President does not have the right to remove the judges fromoffice. Consequently, without the control and threaten from the President, the judges can make judgments relatively fairly.In addition, the Supreme Court can declare that the executive order issued by the President is unconstitutional so that the order will not take effect. For instance, in May 1935, U.S. Supreme Court announced that the “National Industrial Recovery Act”signed by President Roosevelt was unconstitutional.What I’d like to point out is that the separation of the three powers in America is not divided by the characteristic or functioning field of power，and does not mean the division of powers among the administration，legislature and court．Under American system of the separation of three powers，the power of each part of the federal government does not maintain unchanged from the start to the end，butread just and change incessantly．In the real political life，the American system of the separation of powers bears both the harm of power partition an d power sharing．It tends to lead the political deadlock，and it also hampers the effective implementation of governmental function．As a matter of fact，such system is just a tool to protect the whole ruling interest of the bourgeois．。

英语国家社会与文化课程结课英文论文

英语国家社会与文化课程结课英文论文My feeling for this courseNever have I known so much about society and culture of English-speaking countries before I took up this course.Through the process,I got pleasure,companionship,experience and instruction.Actually I was so looking forward to having the lesson at the first time that I had got the syllabus.Now I know,it’s definitely worthwhile.Our teacher once told us,“Reading is the most effective way for one who could not go through the country but still eager to learn about their culture.”I can’t agree more with it.Maybe the past will step out from the stage of history,nevertheless,books have the ability to record the fact that exactly happened in the history.I proved it on my own experience,believe it or not.For example,Animal Farm is a political fable style novel.The story describes an "animal" revolution brewing,rising up and final transformation.Suffered enough oppression,the animals in the Manor Farm rebelled against humans under the guidance of pigs,drove the planter,Mr. Jones.The animals achieved their ambition of "self-determination" and changed its name to "Animal Farm",pursuing that "all animals are equal".But soon the leading pigs had contravention.Since then,it turned out that one pig,Napoleon had more and more power and special treatment,gradually moving away from other animals,and eventually became an exploiter exactly the same as a human being.Thus,the name,animal farm,was also abandoned.This book is analyzed by critics that it’s strikingly similar to the history of the Soviet union,even the international communist movement in the whole 20th century.We can see the similarshadow in many communist party ruling or did rule countries of animal farm.The author,George Orwell,his predication on the fate of the communist movement in the future by changes of the development of animal farm in the book,confirmed totally by history that the Soviet union took apart and the upheaval of eastern Europe in 1991 and afterwards incidents,which really took place at that time.But the meaning of Animal Farm is more than just the historical prophecy.This allegorical novel pointed out in literary language that owing to the fundamental interests of the leading group who possessed the division right was to hold their dominant position,regardless of the form having what kind of appeal,the ultimate result would be contrary to maintain the basic demands of social fairness.Professor Xia Zhiqing once said: "In western literature,since the Aesop's Fables, each dynasty has fables and fairy tales focusing on animals.However,for readers in the late 20th century,this kind of work is not a more accurate representation of the human condition today than" Animal Farm "."While t he novel Being There tells us a story about a man named Chance, a gardener. Chance once lived in the townhouse of an old, wealthy man in Washington, D.C.watching TV all day until the man was dead.Then he was forced to face the world.He met Benjamin Rand,a wealthy businessman.While being asked what his name was, instead of "Chance the Gardener" (which was what he said),was interpreted to be "Chauncey Gardiner."His simplistic, serious-sounding utterances,which mostly concern the garden,were interpreted as allegorical statements of deep wisdom and knowledge regarding business matters and the current state of the economy in America.After Rand was dead,Chauncey even voted as the replacement for the Presidentin the next term of office.Chance always told the truth.It was this very ingenuousness that caught others off-guard,especially in a society where certain falsehood(white lies,instances of tactfulness) are accepted,which is an obvious contrast between truth and falsehood.There are many contrasts like this in this novel,exposing the leak in the America media.Apart from those,Charles Dickens’novels also continue to strike a powerful chord for his wonderful way with language,his intense characterization and his ability to create the atmosphere.He wanted to hold a mirror up to the world to show people what it looked like.It is a testament to his talent and integrity that so many are still prepared to look into that mirror,despite what they see there.I have to say absolutely I have learned a lot from this curriculum.。

英美社会与文化课英语作文

英美社会与文化课英语作文The United States and the United Kingdom, two of the most influential countries in the world, have long been known for their rich cultural heritage and diverse societies. As neighboring nations with a shared history and language, the two countries have developed distinct social and cultural identities that have significantly impacted the global landscape. In this essay, we will explore the intricacies of English and American society and culture, examining the similarities and differences that make these nations unique.One of the most striking aspects of both English and American society is the emphasis placed on individualism and personal freedom. In both countries, the notion of the individual as the fundamental unit of society is deeply ingrained, with a strong emphasis on personal rights, self-expression, and the pursuit of personal goals. This individualistic ethos has shaped the social and political landscapes of both nations, leading to the development of robust democratic institutions and a vibrant civil society.However, the expression of this individualism can take differentforms in the two countries. In the United Kingdom, the concept of the "stiff upper lip" and a more reserved, formal approach to social interactions are often seen as hallmarks of English culture. Britons are often perceived as more polite, reserved, and deferential to authority, with a strong sense of tradition and social hierarchy. In contrast, American society is often characterized by a more casual, outgoing, and egalitarian approach to social interactions, with a greater emphasis on informality and self-expression.These cultural differences are reflected in the educational systems of the two countries as well. The English education system is often seen as more rigorous and academically focused, with a strong emphasis on traditional academic subjects and a more structured, hierarchical approach to learning. In contrast, the American education system is often more diverse and flexible, with a greater emphasis on practical, hands-on learning and a more individualized approach to student development.Another key aspect of both English and American society is the role of religion and spirituality. In the United Kingdom, the Church of England, the official state church, has played a significant role in shaping the country's cultural and social landscape. While religious observance has declined in recent decades, the influence of the Anglican church can still be felt in many aspects of English life, from the architecture of historic cathedrals to the observance of religiousholidays.In the United States, the religious landscape is much more diverse, with a wide range of Christian denominations, as well as significant populations of adherents to other faiths, such as Judaism, Islam, and Hinduism. The separation of church and state enshrined in the US Constitution has led to a more pluralistic religious environment, where individuals are free to practice their faith without state interference.Despite these differences, both England and the United States share a deep appreciation for the arts and cultural expression. From the literary masterpieces of Shakespeare and Hemingway to the iconic works of art in the National Gallery and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the two countries have made invaluable contributions to the global cultural landscape.In the realm of popular culture, the influence of both nations is equally profound. The music, film, and television industries of the UK and the US have captivated audiences around the world, with iconic artists, actors, and directors shaping the cultural zeitgeist. From the Beatles to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the cultural exchange between the two countries has been a two-way street, with each nation's creative output influencing and inspiring the other.Despite these shared cultural ties, there are also significant differences between English and American society that are worth exploring. One of the most notable is the role of government and the relationship between the individual and the state. In the United Kingdom, the monarchical system and the tradition of parliamentary democracy have led to a more centralized and hierarchical approach to governance, with a stronger emphasis on social welfare and collective responsibility.In contrast, the United States has a more decentralized, federalist system of government, with a stronger emphasis on individual rights and a more limited role for the federal government. This difference in political philosophy has shaped the social and economic landscapes of the two countries, leading to divergent approaches to issues such as healthcare, education, and social welfare.Another key difference between English and American society is the role of class and social stratification. In the UK, the legacy of the aristocratic system and the enduring influence of the upper classes have led to a more rigid social hierarchy, with a stronger emphasis on tradition, privilege, and social status. In the US, the notion of a classless society and the "American Dream" of social mobility have led to a more fluid and dynamic social structure, with a greater emphasis on individual achievement and entrepreneurship.Despite these differences, however, both England and the United States share a deep commitment to democratic values and a belief in the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. From the Magna Carta to the US Constitution, the two countries have played a pivotal role in shaping the global discourse on human rights, civil liberties, and the rule of law.In conclusion, the societies and cultures of England and the United States are complex and multifaceted, shaped by a rich history, diverse populations, and a shared commitment to democratic ideals. While the two nations may differ in their specific cultural expressions and social structures, they are united by a common language, a deep appreciation for the arts and creativity, and a shared belief in the power of the individual to shape the world around them. As the world continues to evolve and change, the enduring influence of English and American society and culture will undoubtedly continue to shape the global landscape for generations to come.。

英美国家社会与文化论文

The British Educational SystemAs far as we know, there are pre-primary schools, primary schools, secondary schools and university or college. Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools. And many of them are private. The emphasis of pre-primary schools is on group work, creative activity and guided play.Two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain: 1. State Schools: 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16), we can know that there is comprehensive school (84%), grammar school (3%) or secondary modern school (7%) from the state primary school. 2. Public schools/Independent schools: there is an only 7% public (independent) school from prep school.What are the main differences between the two? We can find four points. 1. School Funding. In state schools, state funding from central government; supplemented by local finance. And in public schools, funding from tuition fees; endowments or donations from society (esp. alumni to their ammeters). 2. Attendance. There are 93% in state schools, only 7% in the public schools. 3. Teaching Staff and Facilities. Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities. 4. Graduates. Students from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, etc.Compulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland. Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants schools have equal to the first schools (for 2 years from 5). Junior schools (for 4 years to 11). There’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years.Compulsory education ends at age 16. At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job. Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (GeneralNational V ocational Qualification).In my opinion, about the entrance procedures, in the third term of Year 12, students prepare their applications to university. Applications are then made in the first term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service). Students can apply to a maximum of 6 universities/institutions. Admission-selection on basis of A level results & an interview.In teaching methods, we can see, the UK educational system encourages self-study, discussions and practical work. The students may have time-tabled classes or might be encouraged to do more of independent work for a substantial amount of time depending on the course.Most of the courses would include the following teaching methods: lectures, seminars, tutorials, independent workand coursework.There are two famous universities in Britain. They are the Cambridge and Oxford. Cambridge University was founded in 1209 by students fleeing from Oxford after one of the many episodes of violence between the university and the town of Oxford. Cambridge is one of the world’s great universities, and has the ability to transform lives. If you study here, you will experience that quality at first hand. Day to day, you will work with academic staff who are leaders in their fields, and who are also committed to see you succeed, and to help you develop your ideas, knowledge and understanding.Legend has it that Oxford University was founded by King Alfred in 872 to encourage education and establish schools throughout his territory. Like a grammar school, it was just a place for teaching Latin grammar at that time. The University actually began in the 12th century as gatherings of students around popular masters. The university consisted of people, not buildings. The buildings came later as a recognition of something that already existed. In a way, Oxford was never founded; it grew.Oxford is one of the greatest universities in the world. It has played a distinguished part in the history of our country and our continent, and has much to contribute to our success and our well-being as a civilized community in the future.The Boat Race between Oxford & Cambridge started June 10, 1829.The event is now a British national institution, and is televised live each year. The race has beenwon by Cambridge 79 times and Oxford 73 so far. The race is currently run over a four mile and 374 yard (6.8 km) stretch of the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake in London.Oxford wear dark blue and Cambridge light blue.In Chinese higher education, we can find five dilemmas. There is enrollment expansion, elite education vs mass education, intense competition in the job market, resources are straining and education quality is suffering.There are five defects of Chinese higher education. Defect 1: Blind Enrollment Expansion. Universities seem to have enrolled more than they can accommodate! Limited facilities & space, insufficient resources, shabby dorms (slum)…Expansion means a lot more! Fierce competition in the job market. Defect 2: Awkward Teaching Method. Teachers tend to spoon-feed their students who are in turn spoon-fed and force-fed!More trust, freedom, interactions and responsibilities for the students! Teachers should serve as advisors & assistants!Defect 3: Prescribed / Designated Textbooks. A lack of flexibility (few alternative choices), Outdated contents (keep pace with), The prescribed textbooks can be replaced by …Defect 4: Unreasonable Curriculum. Many outdated courses should be abolished! More utilitarian courses are welcome! (Computer Science, Business, Finance, Accounting and Law)One shouldn’t be confined to one’s specific field.Moral education is in urgent demand! (campus violence, suicide, theft, murder) Defect 5:Unfair Assessment System. Exam-oriented style! (Scores talk!)Students: exams of lottery(memory test / work overtime shortly before the test)How can we improve it? I will show my answer. It’s a time-consuming & systematic project.Never wait for the improvement! Get a move now! You and me are part of Chinese higher education! Try to make the best and most of the current situation! Stop complaining and try to make a difference from now on.。

国学期末作文模板英语

国学期末作文模板英语英文回答：Throughout the course of the semester, I have been exposed to a diverse range of topics related to Chinese culture, history, and language. I have gained a deeper understanding of the complexities and richness of Chinese civilization and its profound impact on the world.Chinese Language:I have significantly enhanced my Chinese language skills through regular classes, homework assignments, and immersion activities. My vocabulary has expanded exponentially, and I am now able to construct more complex sentences and communicate effectively in a variety of situations.I have developed a strong foundation in Chinese grammar and syntax, which enables me to understand thenuances and subtleties of the language. I can now identify different sentence structures, verb forms, and particles, and use them appropriately.My pronunciation has also improved significantly. I have learned proper tones and articulation, which has increased my confidence in speaking Chinese.Chinese Culture:I have gained invaluable insights into Chinese history, philosophy, and traditional arts. I have studiedinfluential figures, major dynasties, and the developmentof Chinese society over thousands of years.I have explored the diverse regions of China, eachwith its unique customs, cuisines, and dialects. I have learned about the importance of festivals, traditions, and family values in Chinese culture.I have developed a deep appreciation for Chinese art forms, such as calligraphy, painting, and music. I havelearned the techniques, styles, and symbolism associated with these art forms.Cross-Cultural Comparison:I have had the opportunity to compare and contrast Chinese culture with my own culture. This has helped me identify similarities and differences, and has fostered a greater understanding and appreciation for cultural diversity.I have learned to navigate cross-cultural communication challenges and have developed strategies for effective communication in multicultural settings.Personal Growth:This course has not only enhanced my academic knowledge but has also contributed significantly to my personal growth. I have become more confident in my intercultural communication skills.I have developed a greater curiosity and openness to learning about different cultures. I have realized the importance of lifelong learning and the value of exploring new perspectives.中文回答：在本学期中，我接触到了许多关于中国文化、历史和语言的主题。

英语社会与文化小作文

英语社会与文化小作文Title: The Impact of Social Media on Modern Society。

In today's interconnected world, social media has become an integral part of daily life for millions of people worldwide. From Facebook to Twitter, Instagram to TikTok, these platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, and interact with one another. However, while social media offers numerous benefits, it also brings about significant changes to our society and culture.Firstly, social media has transformed the way we communicate. In the past, communication was primarily face-to-face or through letters and phone calls. Today, social media platforms allow us to connect instantly with friends, family, and even strangers from around the globe. Whether it's sharing updates about our lives, sending messages, or engaging in group chats, social media has made communication faster, easier, and more convenient than everbefore.Moreover, social media has also changed the way we consume news and information. With the rise of platforms like Twitter and Reddit, people now have access to a constant stream of news updates and articles from various sources. While this provides a wealth of information at our fingertips, it also poses challenges such as the spread of misinformation and the echo-chamber effect, where people are only exposed to viewpoints that align with their own.Furthermore, social media has had a profound impact on our social interactions and relationships. While it allows us to stay connected with friends and family, it can also lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation, as people may spend more time interacting online than in person. Additionally, social media has changed the way we form and maintain relationships, with platforms like Tinder and Bumble revolutionizing the dating scene and allowing people to meet potential partners online.In addition to its impact on communication andrelationships, social media has also influenced ourcultural norms and values. Platforms like Instagram and YouTube have given rise to new forms of celebrity culture, where influencers and content creators amass millions of followers and wield significant influence over their audiences. This has led to a shift in the way we define success and fame, with many young people aspiring to become social media stars rather than pursuing traditional careers.Moreover, social media has also changed the way we express ourselves and share our creativity. Platforms like Pinterest and Tumblr have become hubs for sharing art, fashion, and DIY projects, allowing people to showcasetheir talents and connect with like-minded individuals. However, this constant exposure to curated images and lifestyles can also lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem, as people compare themselves to the idealized versions of others presented on social media.In conclusion, social media has had a profound impacton modern society and culture, revolutionizing the way we communicate, consume information, and interact with oneanother. While it offers numerous benefits, such as increased connectivity and access to information, it also poses challenges such as the spread of misinformation, feelings of loneliness and isolation, and changes in cultural norms and values. As social media continues to evolve, it is essential to critically examine its effects on society and work towards harnessing its potential for positive change.。

英语作文国家和文化

在全球化的浪潮中，国家和文化之间的交流变得日益频繁。

作为一名资深的英语老师，我有幸见证了这种文化交流的美妙过程，并亲身体验了不同文化的独特魅力。

以下是我对国家和文化的一些观察和思考。

首先，每个国家都有其独特的文化特征。

这些特征体现在语言、艺术、宗教、风俗习惯等多个方面。

例如，中国的春节、印度的排灯节、巴西的狂欢节等，都是各自国家文化的重要组成部分。

这些文化活动不仅丰富了人们的精神生活，也成为了各国人民相互了解和交流的桥梁。

其次，语言是了解和传播文化的重要工具。

作为英语老师，我深知英语在全球范围内的普及程度。

英语不仅是国际交流的通用语言，也是许多国家教育体系的重要组成部分。

通过学习英语，人们可以更深入地了解其他国家的文化，同时也能够更好地表达自己的文化特色。

然而，文化交流并非总是一帆风顺。

在不同文化背景下的人们交流时，可能会出现误解和冲突。

这就需要我们具备跨文化交际的能力，学会尊重和理解不同文化的差异。

例如，东方文化强调集体主义，而西方文化更注重个人主义。

在交流过程中，我们需要意识到这些差异，并采取适当的沟通策略。

此外，随着全球化的深入发展，文化交流也面临着一些挑战。

一方面，全球化带来了文化的同质化现象，一些地方文化面临着被边缘化的风险。

另一方面，全球化也加剧了文化冲突，一些国家和民族的文化认同感受到了威胁。

因此，如何在全球化背景下保护和传承本土文化，成为了一个亟待解决的问题。

在我看来，文化交流是一种双向的过程。

我们既要积极学习和借鉴其他国家的优秀文化，也要努力传播和展示自己的文化特色。

只有这样，才能实现文化的多样性和共融，促进不同国家和民族之间的相互理解和尊重。

总之，国家和文化是构成世界多样性的重要因素。

通过文化交流，我们可以拓宽视野，增进理解，促进合作。

作为一名英语老师，我将继续致力于培养学生的跨文化交际能力，帮助他们更好地融入这个多元化的世界。

同时，我也希望能够通过自己的努力，为推动文化交流和世界和平做出一份贡献。

英语社会文化类作文模板

英语社会文化类作文模板Title: The Impact of Social and Cultural Factors on English Society。

Introduction。

Social and cultural factors play a significant role in shaping the English society. These factors encompass a wide range of aspects such as traditions, customs, beliefs, values, and norms. They influence the way people interact, communicate, and behave in the society. In this essay, we will explore the impact of social and cultural factors on English society.Social Class。

One of the most prominent social factors in English society is social class. The English society has long been stratified into different social classes, including the upper class, middle class, and working class. Each class has its own distinct cultural practices, values, and lifestyle. The upper class is often associated with wealth, privilege, and high social status. They tend to uphold traditional customs and maintain a certain level of formality in their interactions. The middle class, on the other hand, is characterized by a strong work ethic, education, and aspirations for social mobility. They value education, career success, and financial stability. The working class, often associated with manual labor and lower income, has its own cultural practices and values, including a strong sense of community and solidarity. Social class influences various aspects of English society, including education, employment, housing, and social mobility.Religion。

英语国家文化期末作文

汉语国际教育1312284王阳英语国家文化期末作文British Culture and Its Influence on Commonwealth of Nations As a classic cultural symbol for the last hundreds years, British culture is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power, its Christian religious life, and its composition of four countries—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism. The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.British literature, music; cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy and architecture are influential and respected across the world. There is no doubt that British culture has gained worldwide influence and even today it still spare no effort to spread the influence of British culture in every corner of the world through the world language, English. Britain's old and comprehensive higher education system is still attracting the young people of different races to the United Kingdom to study. The UK has been described as a "cultural superpower", and London has been described as a world cultural capital.We all know the Britain is proud of its literature and art; it is also prominent in science and technology. Sport is an important part of British culture as well. Numerous sports originated in the country, including football.Generally speaking, what characteristics does British culture have?Firstly, mild constitutional monarchy is a very British political system. As a legacy of this system, the British aristocratic culture is world-renowned. As time goes by, r efined and courteous gentlemen, elegant ladies are still many people’s first impression about Britain. Today the British royal family has no real political power, but as Head of state of Britain and most Commonwealth of Nations and a symbol of the British glorious tradition, the Queen is still eye-catching.Secondly, liberalism plays a great part in Britain tradition.British aristocracy existed for a long time and the long existence required the balance between the nobility and the king. A single nobleman or a single house is too weak to balance, or uniform the king. So they concluded an equal relationship in order to free action and strength of nobility. When a king breaks law, the nobles can come together to compete with the king. Thus the kings shall enjoy the rights, but must fulfill their obligations; Civil obedience obligations, but with the freedom of the right to the premise.Thirdly, British people don’t adore change, tradition means everything to them. For most British people, the old is an asset, not a negative one, the ancient times may be the best of times. British people do not want the dramatic social changes to disturb their quiet life, threats to the superiority of their privileged position, forced to always do everything possible to change control in their acceptable range. Today, inmany of the ancient English system and concept still prevails, such as the royal family, aristocratic system, college and gentility.The Industrial Revolution, with its origins in the UK, had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world. As a result of the British Empire, significant British influence can be observed in the language, culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries, including Australia, Canada, India, Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations. These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere, and are among Britain's closest allies. Today the colony doesn’t exist anymore; most of them come together as a new organization, Commonwealth of Nations.The most obvious influence is language. The use of the English language in most member countries of the Commonwealth of Nations was inherited from British colonization. English is spoken as a first or second language in most of the Commonwealth. In a few countries, such as Cyprus and Malaysia, it does not have official status, but is widely used as a general language. Written English as used in the Commonwealth generally favors British as opposed to American spelling.Sports are another aspect the empire influenced Commonwealth significantly. As they conquered the world, British people also brought their favorite games to colonies and they became even more popular. For example, bowling and tennis court has been called the Games of Commonwealth. The cricket, a traditional English sport, now is the national game of India. The Commonwealth Games, first held in 1911, as a federal event in the Commonwealth, have made important contributions to the exchange of the Commonwealth.It is worth noting that the event is not just a sports event, but also portrayed as a family gathering.British democracy is also an important element of the Commonwealth's internal cultural similarity. The British Empire prior to the eventual withdrawal usually after several years of transition period, the support of local political elites and political parties to these colonies gained independence after the continue to maintain or adopt a British style democracy. The main elements of the western democracy such as the independence of the judiciary, the elected system and the main elements of the western democracy are becoming the standard of member state. Over the past few decades, Fiji, Nigeria, Pakistan and other countries were suspended membership because of the issue in the election and other democratic procedures.About the relationship between the British Empire and the Commonwealth, Carrington once said, "the Empire came and left. The Commonwealth is always there."This sentence contains the distinction between the country and the society that we neglect. The empire is more of the relationship between the state and the country (region), while the Commonwealth is deeply in the inner society, involving the cultural differences and similarities between different member countries.The change of relations between the countries can occur suddenly, while the changes between different societies will be quiet and slow. I believe that is why Commonwealth of Nations still exists: the radial force of culture is much more powerful than military and economic control.。

英语国家社会与文化入门——The_government_of_the_united_kingdom

Text英国可以说是世界上最古老的代表的民主国家，可以在1000年追查根源。

其他国家也有长期的政治历史，但这些历史是由突发期显着，而经常是暴力，改变。

虽然英国也拥有了政治不稳定的时期相比，说，法国，美国，还是中国的国家建设进程一直是一个进化，而不是革命。

这种长期，不间断的历史仍然十分明显，在英国目前的政治体制和政治文化。

The Monarchy政府机构，是最古老的君主（由国王规则）。

这可以追溯到撒克逊人谁的，直到1066年诺曼征服公元5世纪的统治。

本女王伊丽莎白二世，是国王的直系后裔埃格伯特，谁团结在他的829统治英格兰。

君主的权力，主要是来自国王的“神权古代学说”。

有人认为，主权来自他从上帝的权威，不能从他的臣民。

由于这种神圣的权利，尽管有不同的家庭之间，有时谁坚持战斗，他们以合法的王位继承人，君主制的实际存在，很少受到质疑。

对于1000年英国有世袭的国王或女王作为国家元首，但有一个短暂的例外。

在17世纪有一个在英格兰与共和党的“圆颅内战”（即所谓的，因为男人不顾流行时尚和头顶的头发很短）由奥利弗克伦威尔，谁想要废除君主制，并要求领导保皇党谁它继续。

在罢黜国王查理一世在1642年，成功地圆颅党和公正十八年前的君主统治恢复。

虽然在理论上国王对他的球队的上帝在实践中，即使在中世纪，人们认为他不应该行使绝对的权力。

相反，主权应该愿意接受著名男性的意见。

国王是否愿意做领导之间的国王和教会一样强大，拥有土地的封建贵族，其他强大的集团的许多战役。

这是一个封建贵族和教会的反对约翰王（1199年至1216年的一些帮派）的政策。

这种反对如此强烈，国王最终给予了他们的自由和政治权利宪章，但其中世纪的大宪章拉丁名称命名。

大宪章放在国王的能力，他的皇室权力滥用的一些限制。

这仍然被视为英国的官方对公民权利的重要体现。

The Parliament这个词的“议会”的动词“来到往下谈”，即，讨论或交谈。

这个词是第一次使用在1236年正式描述封建贵族和县和偶尔的国王召见城镇代表聚会，如果他想筹集资金。

英语社会与文化小作文初一

英语社会与文化小作文初一Title: Exploring English Society and Culture。

English society and culture are rich and diverse, offering a fascinating tapestry of traditions, customs, and values. In this essay, we will delve into various aspects of English society and culture, exploring its history, language, literature, customs, and more.Firstly, let's consider the historical roots of English society. England has a long and complex history, shaped by various influences including Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman invasions. These historical layers have contributed to the unique blend of traditions and institutions that characterize modern English society. From the establishment of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to the Norman Conquest in 1066, England's history is marked bysignificant events that have shaped its cultural landscape.One of the most prominent aspects of English culture isits language. English is a West Germanic language that has evolved over centuries, absorbing vocabulary and linguistic elements from various sources. Today, it is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, serving as a global lingua franca in fields such as business, science, and diplomacy. The richness and flexibility of the English language have contributed to its enduring popularity and influence.Literature is another cornerstone of English culture, with a rich tradition spanning centuries. From the epic poems of Beowulf and the Arthurian legends to the works of Shakespeare, Dickens, Austen, and beyond, Englishliterature reflects the complexities of human experience and the evolution of society. The literary canon encompasses a diverse range of genres, styles, and voices, offering insights into different periods and perspectives.Customs and traditions play a significant role in shaping English society, fostering a sense of community and continuity. From the ritual of afternoon tea to the celebration of Bonfire Night, England is home to a myriadof customs that reflect its cultural heritage. These traditions serve as a link to the past, connecting individuals across generations and reinforcing a sense of identity and belonging.Religion has also played a vital role in shaping English society, with Christianity exerting a significant influence throughout history. From the establishment of the Church of England during the Reformation to the rise of nonconformist movements, religion has shaped moral values, social norms, and political institutions in England. While the country has become increasingly secular in recent decades, religious traditions continue to inform cultural practices and attitudes.In addition to its rich cultural heritage, English society is characterized by its diverse population and multiculturalism. Immigration has played a key role in shaping modern England, bringing a wealth of cultural influences from around the world. From Indian curry houses to Caribbean carnivals, multiculturalism has enriched the fabric of English society, contributing to its vibrancy anddynamism.In conclusion, English society and culture are multifaceted and dynamic, shaped by a rich tapestry of history, language, literature, customs, and traditions. From its historical roots to its multicultural present, England continues to evolve while retaining a deep sense of tradition and identity. By exploring the various facets of English society and culture, we gain a deeper understanding of its complexities and significance on the global stage.。

英语国家社会与文化入门

英语国家社会与文化入门Introduction to Society and Culture in English-speaking CountriesEnglish-speaking countries, which include the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, have diverse and rich societies and cultures. These countries share a common language, English, but each has unique social, cultural, and historical characteristics. This article will provide an introduction to the society and culture of these English-speaking countries.1. Language: English is the primary language in these countries, but there are variations in vocabulary, accent, and colloquial expressions. Each country has its own distinct dialect and slang, which contributes to the diversity of the English language.2. Education System: Education plays a crucial role in these countries, and they boast prestigious universities and educational institutions. Access to quality education is considered a fundamental right, and the education systems focus on developing critical thinking, creativity, and independent learning.3. Social Etiquette: Social etiquette varies in each country but generally focuses on politeness, respect for personal boundaries, and punctuality. For example, in the United States, it is common to greet people with a firm handshake and maintain eye contact, while in the United Kingdom, a polite nod or handshake is more common.4. Family Values: Family values differ across these countries, butthe concept of nuclear family is prevalent. Family gatherings and celebrations are important, and family members maintain close relationships. However, there is an increasing trend towards more independent lifestyles and individualism, especially in urban areas.5. Cuisine: The cuisine in English-speaking countries reflects their historical influences and multicultural societies. In the United Kingdom, traditional dishes include fish and chips, roast beef, and afternoon tea. The United States is known for its fast food culture, barbecues, and diverse food options influenced by various cultures. Australia and New Zealand are famous for their seafood, meat pies, and barbecues, while Canada offers a mix of traditional British and French cuisine.6. Sports: Sports play a significant role in the cultures of these countries. Football (soccer), rugby, cricket, and basketball are popular in the United Kingdom. The United States is known for American football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey. Australia's passion lies in Australian rules football, cricket, and rugby, while Canada excels in ice hockey, lacrosse, and Canadian football.7. Arts and Entertainment: These countries have vibrant art scenes and are known for their contributions to literature, music, and film. British authors like William Shakespeare and Jane Austen have had a significant impact on English literature. Hollywood dominates the film industry, while the music scene in the United States has shaped popular music worldwide. Australia and New Zealand have produced internationally renowned actors, musicians, and writers.8. Festivals and Celebrations: Each country has its own national and cultural festivals and celebrations. In the United Kingdom, notable events include Bonfire Night, Christmas, and the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace. The United States celebrates Thanksgiving, Independence Day, and Halloween, among others. Australia and New Zealand celebrate ANZAC Day, Australia Day, Waitangi Day, and various multicultural festivals. Canada observes Canada Day and celebrates cultural festivities like the Calgary Stampede.These are just a few facets of the society and culture in English-speaking countries. Exploring these countries in depth would reveal even more fascinating aspects of their history, traditions, and contemporary influences.。

美国社会文化英文作文

美国社会文化英文作文American Social and Cultural Values。

The United States is a country that is known for its diverse population and rich cultural heritage. Over the years, the country has developed a set of social and cultural values that are deeply ingrained in the fabric of American society. These values have helped shape the country's identity and have played a significant role inits history.One of the most important social and cultural values in the United States is individualism. Americans believe in the importance of personal freedom and the ability to make choices for oneself. This value is reflected in thecountry's political system, which is based on the idea of individual rights and liberties. Americans are encouraged to pursue their own goals and ambitions, and to strive for success in their personal and professional lives.Another important value in American society is equality. Americans believe in the principle of equal opportunity, which means that everyone should have the chance to succeed regardless of their background or circumstances. This value is reflected in the country's civil rights laws, which prohibit discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or other factors.Family is also highly valued in American society. Americans believe in the importance of strong family ties and often prioritize their family relationships over other commitments. This value is reflected in the country's emphasis on family-friendly policies, such as paid parental leave and flexible work arrangements.In addition to these values, Americans also place ahigh value on hard work, self-reliance, and patriotism. Americans believe in the importance of working hard to achieve success, and they admire those who are self-reliant and independent. Patriotism is also an important value in American society, and Americans are proud of their country and its history.Overall, American social and cultural values reflect the country's unique history and diverse population. These values have helped shape the country's identity and have played a significant role in its success as a nation. While these values may vary from person to person, they are an important part of what makes America great.。

《英美社会与文化》课程论文

中南大学《英美社会与文化》课程论文题目：Views on the American Dream院（系）专业学生姓名成绩任课教师任秀2016年6月10日Views on the American Dream【Abstract】American dream is a common belief among many Americans. "All men are created equally, given to them by their creator some an inalienable rights, among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness ",more than two hundred years,It attracted more and more young people from all over the world, came to the United States to achieve their dreams and their own value,and a lot of stories seem to indicate that, as long as there iswisdom, there can be a success in American. At the beginning ,the American Dream just serve as pursuit of freedom, but when the time goes by, it followed the footsteps of times, enricheditselfconnotation.【Key Words】American Dream ; The pursuit of freedom; happiness; new;By looking at baidubakie,we can kown,there are broad sense and narrow sense about American Dream. The broad sense refers to the equality, freedom, democracy ,while the narrow sense is a kind of believe that as long as the American people work hard ,they will get a better life."Life is like a box of chocolate, you don't know which one will be selected." The person who watched Forrest Gump would be impressive about this sentence. This moive is a perfect interpretation of the American dream, Protagonist Agam is a men whose IQ is not high, but he insisted on running, joined the Vietnam War, witnessed the ping-pong diplomacy of China and the United States. Eventually, he became the embodiment of the American spirit,.There is no doubt that the film tell us a truth: if you work hard, you will succeed. When you watch American movies or American TV shows, this kind of thinking is always there.Nowadays, many people will say, American Dream has already become the chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival. Many people dream of getting rich. and they abandoned their homeland or immigrant or study or illegal immigrants, after arduous, came to this piece of land and no such as they expected, that gold is everywhere. In fact, from the beginning, we have a misunderstanding of the American dream, America is not heaven.the American Dream isn’t the pursuit of material.President Obama gives the American dream a new meaning , on November 7, 2012 ,in his Victory Speech, he said:” But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America's future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers —a country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation —with all of the good jobs and new businesses that follow……America, I believe we can build on the progress we've made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunities and new security for the middle class. I believe we can keep the promise of our founding, the idea that if you're willing to work hard, it doesn't matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love . It doesn't matter whether you're black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, abled, disabled, gay or straight. You can make it here in America if you're willing to try.”Equality of results and equality of opportunity is different , equality of opportunity is the core of American dream.References：[1].刘植荣，解读美国梦[2].鲍玲玲, Interpretation of the American dream[3].深圳商报2008年6月12日奥巴马诠释“美国梦”[4].中国新闻网“美国梦”真的破碎了吗？[5].The President Obama’s victory speech: to the American dream forever[6]Time: the rise and fall of the "American dream"学期感想本学期的课就这样结束了，不说英语水平有没有提高？提高的多与少？上课的愉快氛围我还是很喜欢的，上课的方式也是很新颖的，同学们轮流上去授课，可以增加同学们的参与感，也能提升同学们的综合能力。

英语国家社会与文化论文

Society and Culture of the English - speaking countriesWith the help of teacher,I learned the society and culture of English-speaking country. And I benefit a lot from it.Mostly,we learned about The United Kingdom of Great Britain and The Northern Ireland . Britain is located in the west part Europe. It consists of England, Scotlaand, Wales and Northern Ireland. London is the capital of Britain.And the population of UK is 60,441,457. English, welsh and Gaelic is UK’s offical language.Britain is the first country to undergoing the industrial revolution.Now,Britain is a country has a big impat such as world powers in political, economic, military, scientific, technological and cultural areas.Britain is one of the country which is richest and most econnmically advanced.The courage and courtesy, as " gentleman Road " form the core and essence of the spirit of Britain. White and red flag of England is Cross on behalf of England's patron saint St George's, White Cross of the cross on behalf of the patron saint ST Andrew of Scotland, the Red Cross guard the Holy Cross, the representative of Ireland, Patrick British flag, commonly known as " M - word flags ", officially called " the Union Flag ", and are often called " the Union Jack ".Jack is a naval term, refers to the flag flying in the bow. Union Flag is for " Union Flag ". The United Kingdom on behalf of England's patron saint St George's cross on theflag guard the sacred, the patron saint Andrew ofScotland, and Ireland, PatrickDesign of a nuclear arms, the UK nationalemblem Centre, on the surface of the upper - leftcorner and lower - right corner of the shield is redon the ground three Golden Lion, symbol of England ; the upper - right corner for gold half red lion standing on the ground, a symbol of Scotland ; the lower - left corner of the blue golden harp on the ground, a symbol of Northern Ireland.Arms, each represented by a head wearing a crown, Lion of England and one on behalf of the Scottish Unicorn holding. Around the arms, with a motto written in French, meaning " evil with evil " ; bottom of hanging Jared Medals, ribbons, it says " Oh my God there's a god, I have the right ".Arms, the top for a jeweled Gold Silver helmet, the imperial crown and the lion wearing a crown.The National Anthem of Britain is named God savethe Queen.As the reign of a male monarch, change thenational anthem " God save the King ". The God Savethe Queen is the national anthem of the Commonwealthcountries and the royal family carols.Their currency is the pound.And the national flower of Britain is rose.Its national bird is Red Beasted Pigeon.The main religion in the UK is Christian.And the main church is England church and Scotland church.Britain started in the industrial revolution.So The Britain has a unique status in the industry. What’s more ,Britain has strong cultural heritage.It is known to all that there are many famous colleges in Britain. For example,University of Oxford and University of Cambridge.The students graduted from these colleges are pretty excellent.And they are different from Chinese university graduate.In the UK, it’s always everywhere can feel the British cultural scene filled with rich atmosphere of Shakespeare, Shakespeare has been like nutrients into the blood of the British, has become not only the pride of Britain, has also become a symbol of British culture. Britain's respected also in actively explore Shakespeare, protection and construction of Shakespeare - related artifacts and buildings. A representative of the building is one of Shakespeare's Globe theatre.The first show of the creation of Shakespeare's plays are mostly held in the globe.There are many famous and historic architecture.For example,Sallo Paulo cathedral,British Museum,Buckingham Palace,Capitol and Big Ben,Tower of London bridge and Agile temple of west.Don’t forget a modern architecture,its name is London Bowl.They all reprensent the culture of the United Kingdom.Britain has a rich food culture.The British tend to enjoy cuisine : Stewed, grilled, fried and fried. Cooking of meat, seafood, and game are a special way.They also have a special preference for beef, such as roast beef. When eating not only with seasonal vegetables, baked potato, but also in steak with lots of mustard ; in seasoning, use the preferences cream and alcohol ; in spices are like fresh meat Cole, cinnamon spice. Scotch Whisky or gin these well-known wine come from the United Kingdom. In the UK local, there are many people who like to drink,mainly because the United Kingdom is also a wine - producing country.The British spent on alcohol spending more than any other.As far as I know,Bar culture, is absolutely essential part of British social life. Earlier we talked about gentleman culture.A gentleman is the essence of British culture, value orientation and direction are British. Among the cultural influence of English, such as in life, work, work both as a standard.Gentleman culture is a temperament and style. It allows image of the English gentleman is deeply engraved in people's minds.By watching the short films.I find that the British Life is a little fast.But they also have time to enjoy the sun.It seems that they have a leisurely life.Their life is filled with passion and energy.And They are enthusiastic to others every day.Their life is very significant I think.By learning Society and Culture of the English - speaking countries, I know many knowledge about English-speaking country.It makes me know that there are many differences between Western country and Eastern country.For Western countries, I am full of curiosity .If there is a chance,I am bound to go around the English-speaking countries.。

美国社会与文化论文英文

美国社会与文化论文英文After the study of American society and culture, I have a deeper and better understanding of the traditional values of traditional values of the United States. In general, the United States traditional values ,includes six aspects, namely: individual freedom, equality of opportunity, material wealth and self-reliance, competition, hard work. Among them, the first three aspects concentrated represent the people from all over the world to . immigration reasons, that we often speak of "American dream" contains the main content; Then three aspects is to achieve these dreams should pay a price. For the United States people, individual freedom and self-reliance, equality of opportunity and competition, material wealth and hard work is the one-to-one. Before you want to realize a dream, it must pay back the c o s t. Individual freedom , It originated in the tradition of the liberty of individuality ancestors of the us pursuing religious freedom. Including independent motivation, independent choices, self-reliance, and respect for others, the liberty of individuality, respect the privacy and other aspects. America's idea of "not only refers to exempt from the physical constraints, and refers to the individual has the right to sign a contract; has the right to engage in any kind of common career; has the right to make a living to obtain useful knowledge, has the right to get married, a family and raising children and by your conscience, and a general dominate worship god always considered the right to liberty and equality to the pursuit of happiness of those essential privilegeSelf-reliance. every life down there is free, but to really enjoy free will have to rely on yourself. This kind of idea embodied inthe language is in the United States and talk to people, they rarely by showing off their family or social relationship to drive up; If you want to do so can only let others feel that you are a child, not his life forever can is a child.The equality of opportunity. Americans always willing to listen to the opinions of others, give other people opportunities;A person on the one hand made a mistake, and does not take away his good rights in other ways. Americans believe that before in nature, and everyone has the right to live, so long as has the strength, the ability, who can get natural, who can make a fortune when millionaire; In politics, they contend that everyone is equal before the ballot box, that is, everyone has the right to vote; In education by, bourgeois progressive thinker advocate everyone has the opportunity to by education, public schools every person can go to school; The playground, Americans have their standards, so long as has the sports ability and technology can attend competition; In a social situation, the American people like equal to them, also like to be others treat one another as equals, put on AIRS, superior performance for people do not take; In the officers and soldiers on the relationship between the United States people think, between officers and men should be equal, not a qualification to the soldiers commander, cannot treat authority when treasure staff use; In religion, Americans believe that everyone has the right to religious freedom, as long as it is protestants, don't the clergy any for intermediaries, can be interlinked with god. Competition. consciousness competition is eternal, is also a person to prove his position in society the means, but at the same time he may want to colleagues and cooperation. But please note, the American people understand "competition" and not the victory "self-centered", but by others understand andrecognition; In addition, Americans in order to clear understanding of the victory can only show the past, tomorrow there will be a more challenges, to be optimistic face challenges, to participate in the competition.Material wealth. American ancestors come from mostly in the poor, the pursuit of wealth and improve the quality of life for the vast majority of immigrant dream. Today Americans now for wealth far beyond the understanding of their ancestors, time, health, and the power, and the information, etc, are beyond the value of paper money, money become a representative symbol. In short, in the American people, a personshould have the pursue, this is your personal motivation.Hard work. Most Americans would "work, progressive" as yourself for wealth and keep wealth. In the big us store, a "DIY" goods the most popular. Many people in the United States has to work, as a kind of the pleasure of life. Before in the competition, and only professional and keep making progress, to maintain our unbeaten in the competition. Here are some subclasses can help group we understand I mentioned the United States in front of traditional values.1, American business emphasizes the "free market", this and the United States has been since the beginning of the liberal values are closely linked.American value system is and economic reform related. Precisely, and "free market" produce relates in together, the free market in American life is the root of all kinds of basic contradiction: economic efficiency for service, political equality for services, cultural for self realization of the three standards service form the American society of three kinds of the most important restrict each other values.A century and a half since, these three different value orientation always happens between tension and conflict.2, the American public education in order to realize the equality of opportunity, the social mobility of social and economic justice aspects of equality as a goal.American education, self-reliance and responsibility spirit, is the starting point of the education for their children. Let the child learn to independenceThe moral education that the President of the United States in the establishment of a democratic country will up quite important role. Development education to help my fellow citizens aware of their moral responsibility, this no matter to guarantee the safety of their fellow citizens, or to establish a state of the normal order, is very necessary. Religion, morality and knowledge to the government are needed, they can human welfare services, and schools and legislative institution is should rely on the support of the country.3. The United States and the separation of isn't unique, because all European countries for religious freedom of the constitution provides a guarantee. The mainstream American religious really is unique because of the existence of free church. The world's religious freedom will soon from the belief systems, to fully liberalism, and in the United States, free the secularization of sectarian very slowly, of which a large degree is the liberalization of religion and a series of the compulsory religious worship combine together.4. The Americans to a person in the family background, parents position have little interest in this kind of thing, because a man can succeed in life, parents' name is not much help, and no one bought this bill.The son of a President can still to wipe the car, could come out on top in the individual's struggle to get. For example in the school, the students to get scholarships or other encouragement, premise condition is to strive to academic performance than the other students. University teachers promotion, pay conditions, except I writings, but must see the students to his teaching job evaluation. At the end of each learn, all the students have to fill out an to teacher teaching evaluation table, and the content includes: the teachers teach how ability; After school counseling if adequate; This professional knowledge is proficient in and so on. The result of the comparison to the school. Therefore, one who promotion salary isn't at school who long depends on the length of the time, but look at the above conditions. In this kind of environment, teachers' performance means and colleague's compare, also is a kind of competition. The small company staff, even if is a typing or filing documents of, also want to try to do better than colleagues well, you have hope a promotion or a raise.These reflect the United States six big traditional values, and the influence of American life.The last time we saw a movie called cold mountain, from the movie, inside tell him about the American civil war, black for their rights, fight for individual liberty. After the war the political positionof blacks have improved, participating in the number increases ceaselessly.The black economy may be improving. The life of the Negro than ever with improved, in law won and white equal rights, but as it is just a little bit a little bit better than before the war. Inman fled from the war on the way home, I met many difficulties, hunger, the temptation to pursue the defector the army, but hewas overcome these difficulties return to the home, it is also a kind of self-reliance. But in the film's most major or speak to individual freedom, one of the traditional values. Personal freedom is always Americans have been constantly seeking to realize the rights.Americans have been in constant innovation, but in the United States in the development of the traditional values plays a big part, the conventional stuff also is not necessarily bad, as long as reasonable use, not only will it not hinder it will promote development. American society and culture this course let I to the United States had a deeper understanding, although English level is not much, but something to me very pretty good.。

英语国家社会与文化

The Society and Culture of Major EnglishSpeaking CountriesBook Report题目： Hollywood学生姓名：纪亚露学号： 17专业：英语班级：10英语（1）所在学院：外国语学院2012年 12 月 12 日HollywoodThe name of Hollywood was already existent long before it became synonymous to being a movie power house. The place was a small village just north of Los Angeles. The very first movie to be filmed there was in Old California. After rumors spread out that California was such a place to shoot movies, directors from all over America began to bring their projects out west into Hollywood. This is how the American Movie Industry was born.In most times,It is unlikely for you to see real superstars. Nevertheless, when you look down at your feet,you can see the kind of "star "Ray Davies sang about：the bronze star-plaques, embedded in pink & charcoal terrazzo squares on the world's most famous sidewalk : the Hollywood Walk of Fame( Liu,2010:172).These sidewalk "stars" honor not only movie actors, but radio,TV,and stage performers,directors, singers,songwriters, and other well-known show-biz personalities.Right below the name of each celebrity on the five-pointed stars is a small ,round emblem which illustrates the celebrity 's category ,with one of five symbols ：a motion picture camera (for movie stars & directors), a television set (for those in the television industry),a phonograph record(for singers, songwriters ,and recording artists),a radio microphone(for radio luminaries),and the twin theatrical masks of comedy and tragedy(for live stage performers). The celebrity with the most stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is Gene Autry, who earned five different stars ,one in each of the above categories(Liu,2010:174).The Hollywood Bowl is well known for its band shell,a distinctive set of concentric arches that has graced the site since 1929. adding to the atmosphere of the Bowl,the famous Hollywood Sign,several miles away,is visible from the Bowl site.To be frank, Hollywood Boulevard is one of the most popular tourist spots in all of Los Angeles, full of T-shirt and souvenir shops,the streets packed with gawping tourists snapping photos .It's also the home of the Walk of Fame.Hollywood is the land of stars to its visitors.the world famous Beverly Hill and Sunset Boulevard are just a few minutes away,as is the Hollywood Bowl .The world famous Rodeo Drive and Wilshire Boulevard shopping districts can be found not far away.Visitors to the area will be unable to miss the famous Hollywood Sign set in the Hollywood Hills .Grauman'sChinese Theatre is a must see attraction along Hollywood Boulevard . The theatre itself opened in 1927,the same year movie idols began leaving their hand and footprints outside the building .Hollywood is brimming with the faces of the stars, and murals can be found in all kinds of places. A short walk past Grauman's Chinese Theatre is the Hollywood Entertainment Museum where you can see how movies and TV shows are made or sit in Captain Kirk's chair on the Starship Enterprise (Liu,2010:174).If a new star want to make it onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame ,Each placement of a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame starts out by someone -----likely a fan ,a fan club or a star's manager---placing an application with the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce .There is ,as you might imagine ,an inundation of Walk of Fame star applications made to the Chamber of Commerce .What's more, it is not free. 25000 dollars fee must be paid by the sponsoring group. However ,the selection process is confusing because some major movie stars such as Mel Gibson,Jane Fonda and Clint Eastwood,still haven't been awarded "stars "on the boulevard( Liu,2010:172). So in my opinion, the success of actor or actress can not be measured in terms of this.Last but not least, it has been a tradition for fans to place flowers on the " stars" of a celebrity who has died. For example ,Beatles fans gather each year at John Lennon's star to commemorate the anniversary of his death.The Hollywood produced numerous classic films , such as Titanic , Gone With The Wind, Brave Heart, A Beautiful Mind , The Sound Of Music ,Forrest Gump. As far as I am concerned, these films tell us a lot about foreign culture and give us lots of suggestions about life and love.ReferencesRight below the name of each celebrity on the five-pointed stars is a small ,round emblem which illustrates the celebrity 's category ,with one of five symbols ：a motion picture camera (for movie stars & directors), a television set (for those in the television industry),a phonograph record(for singers, songwriters ,and recording artists),a radio microphone(for radio luminaries),and the twin theatrical masks of comedy and tragedy(for live stage performers). The celebrity with the most stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is Gene Autry, who earned five different stars ,one in each of the above categories.好莱坞圆形剧场是美国最大的露天圆形剧场，因它的壳形演奏台而闻名，里面有很多向心的拱门，建于1929年，而且好莱坞标志距离剧场不远，在好莱坞剧场可以看见好莱坞标志。

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但他们都创制了两院制的立法机构，承担所有成文法律的制定与修改。

英国将议会分为上院与下院，美国将议会分为参议院和众议院。