汉英对比与翻译

汉英对比与翻译

正确确立单句的主干：

直接用原文的主语

1) 如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。

________________________________________________________________, causes air pollution in cities.

2) 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

___________________________________________________, sen tences are the “fundamental parts” of writings.

替换主语以符合英语表达

1) 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。

Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.

_________________________________________, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.

2) 胎又瘪了。

The tire turns flat again?

_______________________________________________.

3) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

______________________________________, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints.

______________________________________, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.

找出译文中合适的主语

1) 在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。

Because of the constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history, there have formed a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan-a city in central China.

2) 健康不佳就无法有效工作。（表示条件的主语用抽象的英语名词短语表达）

Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work.

3) 北京地区由于近些年加强了植树造林，在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类。

Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.

5) 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

At the turn of the century, China is most active in its diplomatic activities.

英语多用被动式

1) 成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。

______________________________________ along both the banks of the newly-renovated Funan River.

2) 公共场所禁止吸烟。

_____________________________________________________________________________.

3) 收音机的成本降低了80％。

______________________________________________________was reduced by 80%.

4) 可以预见，在一个不太长的时间内，中国必在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。

__________________________________________________that China will certainly catch up

with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.

无主句－增补主语

到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更具为有趣。

When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.

(一)谓语的确立

谓语只能由动词（系动词或实义动词）或动词短语担当。

1）北京很好玩。

___________________________________________________________________

2）北京外来人口逐年增多。

_________________________________from other places in Beijing increases year by year.

3）从北京乘火车到郑州要花十多个小时。

____________________________________________________________________, the capital city of Henan province near Beijing.

4）总统明天准备乘专机前往上海参观访问。

The president prepares to go to Shanghai ____________________________________________. 注意谓语动词的选择的准确性

1）中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。

The central government has never ______________________ in the affairs of the HKSAR.

2）中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

The economy of China will __________________ with that of the world.

3）新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。

The________________________ of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy.

采用倒装语序译出

1. 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。

2. 随着一声吼叫，呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎来。

3. 山里住着个虔诚的老和尚。

采用英语存在句there…be结构译出

1. 很多年以前，这个村子里住着六个盲人。

A long, long time ago,_______________________ six blind men in this village.

2. 剩下的时间不多了。

_________________________________________________________________.

3. 萝卜青菜，各有所好。

___________________________________________________________for taste.

4. 没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。

Without facility,___________________________________, without difficulty, ____________________________________________.

采用it作主语译出

1. 累得我走不动了。

________________________________so tired that I can’t walk any more.

2. 要解决问题，还必须做系统、周密的调查工作和研究工作。

In order to solve the problem________________________________ to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.