科技英语中被动句的译法

科技英语中使用大量的被动语态

Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。

(1) It has been calculated that only 1/10, 000 part of the energy radiated annually form the sun is taken up by plants. 据计算,太阳每年辐射(到地球上)的能量只有0.01%被植物吸收。(植物)

( 2) It was found that one of the culture dishes in which colonies of the bacteria (细菌群体) were growing had been contaminated by a colony of another organism, a mould of penicillin. 结果发现在一个培养液中正在生长的细菌菌落受到另一种菌落的感染,这种菌落就是青霉菌。青霉菌菌落感染了一个正在培养液中生长的细菌菌落。(微生物)

(3) The surface of a metal is attacked by various gases in the atmosphere. 金属的表面受到大气中各种气体的侵蚀。(自然现象)

(4) Each of the body systems is regulated in some way by some part of the endocrine system(内分泌系统). 人体的每个系统都在某一方面由内分泌的某一腺体进行调节。(生理现象)

( 5 ) Large quantities of fuel are required by modern industry. 现代工业需要大量的燃料。

(6) Nationalized in 1951 by a Labor government,

the British steel industry was denationalized by the Conservatives

in 1953, then renationalized by Labor in 1967. 1953年,工党政府把英国钢铁工业收为国有。1953年,保守党政府把它退归私营。然后1967年,工党政府又把它国有化。

( 7 ) The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. (人们)用发电机,可以将机械能再转变成电能。

( 8 ) A vapour is distinguished from a gas by the property that it can be liquified merely by compressing it, while a gas cannot be liquified without cooling it below a certain critical temperature. 蒸气有别于气体是因为性质不同, 即蒸气仅通过压缩就能液化,而气体则必须冷到一定的临界温度一下才能液化。

(9) The existence of organic chemistry is further justified by the importance of carbon compounds or mixtures in our lives. 有机化学的存在之所以必要,还因为碳的化合物和混合物在我们日常生活中非常重要。

(10) The filament is heated by the application of a voltage. 灯丝因通上电流而发热。

( 11) Condensation is caused by the passage of a particle through the vapour. 只有微粒通过时,水蒸气才会凝结。

(12) A common desert phenomenon is the mirage, an optical illusion caused when lights waves are bent or refracted by layers of air that are different in density. 海市蜃楼是沙漠里一种常见现象。它是光波在遇到不同密度的空气层而发生折射时引起的一种光幻象。

三、被动语态的翻译准则和方法

在对科技英语进行翻译时要注意其特点，它不像翻译文学作品，要求译出原作者的风格、笔调，保持原作的艺术形象。翻译时应遵循“忠实”和“通顺”两个准则。“忠实”即译文应忠实于原文，准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容，译者不得任意对原文内容加以歪曲、增删、遗漏和篡改，不做主观渲染，不用带感情色彩的词汇。“通顺”是说译文应当符合中文的语法要求，使读者看起来通俗易懂。在科技翻译中。要达到融会贯通，必须了解相关的科技知识，掌握同一事物的中英文表达方式。单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息．但运用语言的灵活性特别是选词的准确性会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题．翻译人员就要积极主动地熟悉这个科技领域的相关知识。

我们在了解科技英语中被动语态的特点和翻译准则之后可以采取以下翻译方法：

1-译成汉语主动句。

(1 用“人们”、“大家”、“有人”、“我们”等含有泛指意义的词作主

语，从而使汉语译文呈“兼语式”句式。

The mechanism of fever production is not completely understood．人们还不完全清楚发烧的产生机理。

Sun is known to rise in the east．我们都知道．太阳从东方升起。

He Was seen to have turned off the current．有人看见他把电流断开了。

(2)由it引导的主语从句，译成无人称或不定人称句。

It is said that the production of transistor radios Was increased six times from 1970 to 1974．

据说从1970年至1974年间．晶体管收音机的产量增长了五倍。

It is demonstrated that the conductivity of silver is higher than that of copper．

已经证明银的导电率比铜的导电率高。

这类句型还有：

It is reported／supposed／must be admitted／pointed out that 据报道，据推测，必须承认，必须指出

It is believed／generally considered／well—known that 有人相信，大家认为，众所周知

(3)当被动语态中的主语为无生命的名词或由under、in、on等少数几个介词短语构成时，译成主动句。

That computer is under repair．那台计算机正在修理。

A new design method is on trial. 这种新的设计方法正在试用。

This kind of electronic equipment is in great demand．这种电子设备需求量很大。

The plan is being carried out．计划正在实施。

(4)当need、want、require等动词后接主动形式的动名词，表示被动意义时，译成主动句。This device needs repairing．这套设备需要修理。

This phenomenon is worth mentioning、这一现象值得一提。

2．译成汉语被动句。

(1)译成明显的“被”字句，通常带有“bv+动作发出者”或“be called”。

The number of TTL devices that one TTL output will drive is called fanout．

一个TTL输出所能驱动的TTL装置的数量被称为输出能力。