秦咸阳历史文物陈列大纲

秦咸阳历史文物陈列

前言

咸阳是历史上著名的古都。秦孝公十二年（前350），筑城咸阳，开始了秦定都咸阳之后140余年的历史。在长达一个多世纪的时间里，秦励精图治，东取河西（魏属黄河以西地区），南夺巴蜀（今四川盆地），跻身战国七雄，于秦王政二十六年（前221）剪灭六国，建立了中国历史上第一个统一的中央集权制帝国。咸阳成为秦帝国政治、经济、文化的中心。

秦帝国仅存15年而亡，秦都咸阳的帝王宫殿也被项羽纵火焚烧，化为焦土。但帝国留下的文物典章制度，却对后世产生了深远的影响。它的声名——秦（chin），甚至远播昔日的希腊和罗马，成为今天英语及其他非汉语国家china（中国）同源名称的原型。

20世纪50年代末至90年代中期，考古工作者在咸阳市渭水以北西起塔尔坡东至柏家咀的广阔区域内，发现并发掘了大面积的秦宫殿遗址、手工业作坊遗址和秦人墓地。正是近40年的考古工作，我们才能凭借这些大地留下的丰厚的文化遗存，去构想秦咸阳当年壮阔的景象。

PREFACE

Xianyang was a famous historical capital.The king,Qin Xiao Gong built the city of Xianyang in 350BC,which had been the capital for over 140 years.During more than one century,the state Qin intruded on Hexi in the east(belonging to the state of Wei in the west of Yellow River) and conquered Bashu in the south (the Sichuan basin).Then,it became one of the seven powerful states in the Warring States Period.In221BC,the king, Yingzhen eliminated the other six states and founded the first united and centralized empire in chinese history.Xianyang turned into the centre of politics,economy and culture of the Qin empire.

The Qin empire was destroyed 15 years later,the Qin palace in Xianyang was burned down by Xiangyu,but its relics and regulations remained and exerted significant influence on the following dynasties.

From the end of 1950s till the middle of 1990s,the archaeological staff discovered and excavated a large numbers of sites of the Qin palaces,handicraft workshops,and tombs in Xianyang.Based on the 40-year-archaeology-research and the rich cultural remains,we can figure out the splendid prospect of Xianyang in the Qin Dynasty.

一展厅

辅助展版（一）

一展厅总说明

秦人信史始于非子。公元前897年，非子居犬丘（今甘肃天水一带），为周王室养马汧渭。公元前770年，周平王东迁，秦封诸侯，始立国。公元前350年，建城咸阳，次年徙都。公元前349 —前338年，商鞅继续实行变法，国力日强。公元前221年，嬴正统一六国，称始皇帝，结束了春秋战国（前770—前221）五个半世纪分封割据的局面。

Fei zi (who was a chieftain of Qin people in history) lived in Quanqiu(in Gansu province) ,and raised horses for the royal family of the western Zhou Dynasty along the Qian and Wei River in 897BC. In 770BC,the state Qin was founded. In 350BC,the city of Xianyang was built and became the capital next year. From 349BC to 338BC,Shangyang ( a politician) kept his reforms,so its national strength became much stronger day by day. In 221BC,the king,Yingzhen united the whole land,which called him the first emperor,and so he ended the separate situation lasted for five and a half century from 770BC to 221BC.

展品：

石鼓（2件）1、高65厘米底径73厘米

2、高56厘米宽75厘米

展品说明牌：

石鼓及铭文

20世纪70年代北京故宫博物院复制

咸阳博物馆藏

石鼓文刻于秦襄公时期（前777——前766），是中国现存最早的石刻文字。因镌于十个鼓形石腹壁而得名。每鼓铭刻记述秦国君游猎四言诗一首。石鼓唐初发现于陕西陈仓（今宝鸡石鼓山）原石现藏北京故宫博物院。

Stone Drum with Inscription

Copied by Beijing Palace Museum in 1970s

Collected in Xianyang Museum

Inscriptions on drum-shaped stone blocks formed in the period of Qin Xiang Gong,and it were the earliest writings which remained on stone blocks in china. On each drum,there was a piece of poem about hunting of the Qin kings.They were discovered in Chengcang in Shannxi province at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty.The geniune ones were collected in Beijing Palace Museum.

展品：