《国际商务英语》名词解释

国际商务英语——词汇部分
1
1. Budget—预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.
2. Return—回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.
3. Portfolio—证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling
4. Royalty—专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.
5. Expertise—专门知识expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how.
6. Licensor—认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.
7. Patent—专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.
8. Non-tariff barrier—非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.
9. Turnkey contract—one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.
10. Franchise—经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.


2
1. Purchasing power—购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.
2. Assess—估价to judge an amount or value.
3. spur—to urge or encourage
4. average—of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount
5. Productive—producing in high efficiency or in large quantity
6. tap—to take what is needed from, to exploit
7. Infrastructure—large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce.
8. recipient—a person or an organization etc. that receives something
9. consumerism—considerable desire to make purchase for consumption
10. PPP—purchasing power parity


3
1 liberalization—of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports
2 integration—combining into the whole
3 tariff—tax levied by the customs
4 barriers to trade—any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.
5 mobility—capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.
6 detour—绕道route that avoids a blocked road; deviation
7 banknote—纸币printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the country’s central bank.
8 erode—侵蚀wear away, eat into
9 envisage—picture(an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine
10 v

eto—否决权right to reject or forbid something


4
1 affiliate—a subsidiary company controlled by another
2 assets—total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.
3 world company—a multinational whose national identity has been blurred
4 facilities—something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service
5 revenue—收益the total annual income of state
6 decentralize— 使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area
7 nationalize—to bring under the control or ownership of a nation\
8 welfare—well-being
9 framework—organization structure
10 input—something that is put in business operation


5
1 service—something done to help or benefit others
2 abundant—plentiful, more than enough
3 specialization—to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields
4 primary commodities—those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials
5 incentive—that which incites, rouses or encourages a person
6 alternative—that may be had, used etc. in place of sth. else
7 intuitive—relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study
8 efficient—producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well
9 endowment—a natural gift or ability
10 exploit—to develop the use of, make the best use of


6
1 drawback—退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported
2 highlight—to make prominent; to draw special attention
3 bulky—taking a lot of space, and often of a shape difficult to handle
4 perishable—easily to go bad
5 tariff—duties imposed on goods imported and exported
6 specific duties—duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods
7 ad valorem duties—duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods
8 unilaterally—单方面地done by one side or party only
9 maritime—connected with the sea or navigation
10 remittance—汇款money sent by post


7
1 law suit—legal prosecution
2 dispute—argument or controversy
3 remedy—method of putting right something that is wrong
4 amendment—修正changes made to something
5 Incoterms—a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms
6 present—submit
7 premise—a tract of land including its buildings
8 heading—category
9 classification—the arrangement of things by groups
10 carriage—the price or cost of transportation


8
1 business line—goods dealt in by a company
2 voluntary offer—an offer made on the initiative of the offerer
3 contract—an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties
4 indispensable—absolutely necessary
5 contract proper—the main body of a contract
6 contracting parties—signatories of an agreement
7 force majeure—[不可抗力] social or natural calamities t

hat take place beyond the control of a contracting party
8 purchase contract—a contract made by the buyer
9 firm offer—an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer
10 offeree—受要约人the party to whom an offer is made


9
1. popular—liked and admired
2. hyperinflation—恶性通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control
3. inflation—通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.
4. protectionism—贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports
5. bilateral—双边的of two sides
6. bundling—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together
7. expertise—expert skill or knowledge
8. creditors—a person to whom one owns money
9. transferable—possible to be handed over
10. verified data—authentic materials

10
1. debtor—a person who owes money
2. default—fail to carry out an obligation
3. dubious—doubtful, uncertain, questionable
4. draft—an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money
5. remittance—the sending of money or the money sent
6. fluctuation—irregular movement of (prices, exchange rates etc.)
7. drawer—the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter
8. sound—financially satisfactory
9. ban—prohibit, forbid
10. drawee—付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn

11
1. credit-worthiness—being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment
2. substantial—large, great, considerable
3. constitute—make up; amount to; form
4. applicant of an L/C—the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C
5. beneficiary—受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export
6. discrepancy—difference; absence of agreement
7. confirming bank—the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C
8. bill of exchange—written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment
9. underlying—forming the basis of
10. reimburse—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent

12
1. clean credit—a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment
2. cancel—not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon
3. leading bank—major bank, most important bank
4. impeccable—faultless
5. insolvent—无力偿还的unable to pay debts
6. sight credit—a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft
7. maturity—becoming due
8. after sight—after presentation of draft
9. middleman—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer
10. sustain—suffer

13
1. documentation—the presentation and use of shipping documents
2. consignee—the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped
3. shipping marks—what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation
4. di

screpancy—absence of agreement
5. liability—what one is responsible for according to law
6. apparent—according to appearance; seeming
7. insurance policy—a document used for covering possible risks
8. discount—amount of money that may be taken off the full amount
9. title—right to the possession of a position or property
10. invoice—a document for the general description of the goods and the price

14
1 alternative—a choice from two or more possibilities.
2 modes—different forms of transportation
3 fundamental—very important
4 ownership—legal right of possession
5 intermediate products—semi-manufactures
6 commercial intercourse—business dealings between individuals or firms
7 unload—getting goods off a carrier
8 package—combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit
9 distribution—the marketing, transporting, merchandising, and selling of any item
10 destination—the terminal to which goods are sent


15
1 insured—a person covered by an insurance policy
2 premium—the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract
3 potential loss—loss which is possible to incur
4 viability—ability to succeed in operation
5 claim—a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy
6 margin—amount above what is estimated as necessary
7 underwriter—a person who carries on insurance as a business
8 consumption—the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable advantage
9 compensation—something given or received as an equivalent for loss
10 pooling—a combination of funds formed for common advantage


16
1 field—a sphere of activity
2 incidence—occurrence
3 multi-modal transportation—transport that combines road, rail, sea and air
4 diminish—the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss
5 indemnity—compensation for loss
6 subrogate—to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person
7 legal action—an action taken against someone in accordance with the law
8 leader—an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business
9 deposit—money paid as part payment that is owned
10 compulsory—that must be done


17
1 peg—to keep fixed or unchanged
2 redeem—to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock
3 settlement—the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc
4 exchange rate—the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency
5 fluctuations—upward and downward movements in the economic system
6 gold reserves—the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard.
7 money circulation—money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services
8 devaluation—the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies
9 offset—to set one value against another or a

s equal to another
10 par—equal in value, on the same level


18
1 affiliate—a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern
2 institutions—an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object
3 productivity—power of being productive
4 loans—something lent on condition of being returned, especially a sum of money lent at interest
5 prerequisite—required as a condition for something else
6 cyclical—recurring in cycles
7 maturity—the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due
8 reserve—money held aside to meet future demand
9 investment—the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns
10 stringent—strict, that must be obeyed

19
1 quota—a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity
2 VER—an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country
3 acquisition—company expansion through the phrase of other business
4 synergy—benefits from combining different business, normally claimed by the promoters of mergers
5 rebate—reduce
6 intellectual property—certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right
7 tax holiday—a period of time during which tax is not levied
8 return—the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment
9 access—a way by which a place, esp. property, can be reached or entered or used
10 joint venture—a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms

20
1 market place—a place in which securities are sold and bought
2 securities—stocks and bonds
3 gilts—stocks issued by government
4 information—knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance
5 qualifications—competence
6 membership—the state of being a member of a certain organization
7 practitioner—a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation
8 cost-effective—producing optimum results for the expenditure
9 shortfall—deficiency
10 equities—company stocks

21
1 ratify—make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.
2 controversy—public argument about sth. which many people disagree with
3 biennial—happening every alternate year
4 clout—influence
5 anti-dumping—one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured
6 mandate—authority given to perform a duty
7 stillborn—(of a child) dead at birth; (of an idea or a plan) not developing further
8 contracting party—a country or firm that signs a legal agreement
9 akin to—similar, related to
10 optimal—best or most favorable

22
1 terms of trade—the r

elation of export and import prices
2 preference—a practical advantage given to one over others
3 export earnings—money earned on the sales of goods to other countries
4 provisions—a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded
5 tariffs—customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports
6 invisible—trade in services
7 board—an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm
8 permanent—lasting
9 counterpart—a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function
10 forum—an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group