湖南省蓝山二中高二英语同步教案：M7 Unit 2 Reading (1)(牛津译林版选修7)[ 高考]

●Reading--- Two life-saving medicines
3) to make a space larger or less enclosed:
We're going to open up our kitchen by knocking down a couple of walls.
4) to open the lock on the door of a building:
The caretaker opens up the school every morning at seven
5) to do a medical operation on someone to see inside their body:
When they opened her up, they couldn't find anything wrong with her.
6) to start to talk more about yourself and your feelings:
I've never opened up to anyone like I do to you.
probability
n.[C or U]the likelihood of sth. happening or being true:
What is the probability of winning?
The probability of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten.
There's a high/strong probability (that)(= It is very likely that) she'll be here.
Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but now it has become a real probability(= it is likely that it will happen).
probable
adj.likely to be true or likely to happen:
The probable cause of death was heart failure.
[+ that]It is probable that share prices will fall still further.
dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. (P18) 但事实上,早在3,500年前就有一些药方建议人们饮用一种由特殊植物的干叶制成的茶来减轻身体的病痛。

recommend
v.[T]to suggest that someone or sth. would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done:
I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious.
She has been recommended for promotion.
The headmistress agreed to recommend the teachers' proposals to the school governors.
[+ (that)] The doctor recommended(that) I take more exercise.
[+ ing form of verb] I recommend writ ing your feelings down on paper.
recommended
adj.
It is dangerous to take more than the recommended dose of this medicine.
She is a highly recommended architect.
recommendation
n.1) [C or U]a suggestion that sth. is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job:
I bought this computer on John's recommendation(= because John told me that it was good).
I got the job on Sam's recommendation(= because she told her employers that I was suitable for the job).
2) [C]advice telling someone what the best thing to do is:
[+ that] The report makes the recommendation that no more prisons should be built. make…from…
to produce sth., often using a particular substance or material:
began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. (P18) 1899年, 该药品第一次进行实验, 当时, 霍夫曼供职的公司开始将该药以粉末形式提供给医师, 让他们用于病人。

trial
n.[C or U]1)a test, usually over a limited period of time, to discover how effective or suitable sth. or someone is:
They're doing clinical trials on a new drug.
They've employed her for a six-month trial (period).
MAINLY UK You can buy any of their garden equipment on trial/US USUALLY on a trial basis, and if you don't like it you can give it back.
2) the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a court of law to judge whether a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter:
Trial by jury is a fundamental right.
It was a very complicated trial that went on for months.
She's going on/standing trial for fraud.
trial and error
n.a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you make:
There's no instant way of finding a cure - it's just a process of trial and error.
take place:to happen:
in…form=in the form of…
The lawn was laid out in the form of the figure eight.
in any shape or form
of any type:
I'm opposed to war in any shape or form.
4. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500 milligrams of ASA. (P18)一年以后，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售，每片含有200毫克的乙酰水杨酸。

contain
v.[T not continuous]
to have sth. inside or include sth. as a part:
How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?
I've lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
The allegations contained in this report are very serious.
注意比较:
include
v.[T]to contain sth. as a part of sth. else, or to make sth. part of sth. else:
The book contains 40 maps, including a map of China.
The bill includes tax and service.
Tax and service are included in the bill.
5. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood. (P18) 美国的一位医生劳伦斯·克雷文发表了好几篇报告，其中1953年的一篇报告提出了阿司匹林可以稀释血液。

thin
adj. (thinner, thinnest)having a small distance between two opposite sides:
a thin book
thin black lines
a thin jacket
adj. (thinner, thinnest) (of the body) with little flesh on the bones:
Did you notice how thin her wrists were?
Thin, hungry dogs roamed the streets.
Adj.(thinner, thinnest)(of a liquid) flowing easily:
a thin soup
v.[T]to make a substance less thick, often by adding a liquid to it:
Thin the sauce down with a little stock.
6. … and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. (P18) 1977年，美国的一项研究证明，阿司匹林中的化学物质乙酰水杨酸能预防中风。

中风是由于大脑血管爆裂或梗塞而产生的一种突发疾病。

block
n.[C] 1) a solid straight-sided lump of hard material:
a block of wood/ice
2) a group of things bought, dealt with, or considered together:
a block of tickets/seats/shares
Corporate-hospitality firms make block bookings (= buy large numbers of seats) at big sporting events.
3) a large, usually tall building divided into separate parts for use as offices or homes by several different organizations or people:
an office block
4) the distance along a street from where one road crosses it to the place where the next road crosses it, or one part of a street like this, especially in a town or city:
The museum is just six block s away.
My friend and I live on the same block.
5) a square group of buildings or houses with roads on each side:
I took a walk around the block.
6)A block in (= An object blocking) the pipe was preventing the water from coming through.
v.[T]to prevent movement through sth., or to prevent sth. from happening or succeeding:
A fallen tree is blocking the road.
My view was blocked by a tall man in front of me.
She was very talented and I felt her parents were blocking her progress.
7. In 1999, aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help inc rease the length of people’s lives. (P19) 到1999年，阿司匹林已有100年的历史，然而关于它如何帮助延长人类寿命方面还有更多的发现。

length
n.1)[C or U]the measurement of sth. from end to end or along its longest side:
The boat is ten metres in length.
The length of the bay is approximately 200 miles.
She planted rose bushes (along) the length of the garden (= the whole distance along it).
2)[C]a piece of sth. such as string or pipe:
a length of rope
3)[C]the amount of time sth. takes:
the length of a film/speech/play
He is unable to concentrate on his work for any length of time (= for anything more than a short time).
keep sb. at arm's length
to not allow someone to become too friendly with you:
I always had the feeling she was keeping me at arm's length.
at length
1)for a long time:
George went on at great length about his various illnesses.
2)FORMAL If sth. happens at length, it happens after a long period of time:
At length, the authorities allowed her to go home.
8. He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. (P19) 他注意到，带有细菌的一种特殊的，透明的果子冻上长起了霉。

note
v.[T] SLIGHTL Y FORMAL1)to notice sth.:
They noted the consumers' growing demand for quicker service.
[+ (that)] Please note(that) we will be closed on Saturday.
[+ question word]Note how easy it is to release the catch quickly.
2)to give your attention to something by discussing it or making a written record of it: [+ that]He said the weather was beyond our control, noting that last summer was one of the hottest on record.
In the article, she notes several cases of medical incompetence.
n.[U]FORMAL
importance, or when sth. deserves attention:
There was nothing of note in the latest report.
noted
adj.known by many people, especially because of particular qualities:
Summerhill school is noted for its progressive policies.
She's not noted for her patience (= She is not a patient person).
9. It was not until World War II that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. (P19)直到二战另外两个科学家才设法使用新的化学方法来净化它。

It was not until that… 这是一个not… until…结构的强调句型。

强调句型的结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that…
medicine, but was unable to do that. (P19)他把霉里的化学物质命名为青霉素并尽力提纯该物质以便制药，但没能做成。

name
v.[T]1)to give someone or sth. a name:
[+ two objects] We named our dogs 'Shandy' and 'Belle'.
A man named Dennis answered the door.
2)to say what sth. or someone's name is:
In the first question you had to name three types of monkey.
He couldn't name his attacker.
n.[C]the word or words that a person, thing or place is known by:
"Hi, what's your name?" "My name's Diane."
Please write your full (= complete) name and address on the form.
What's the name of that mountain in the distance?
We finally agreed on the name Luca for our son.
The students were listed by name and by country of origin.
pure
adj.not mixed with anything else:
a pure cotton shirt
NOTE: The opposite is impure.
purify
v.[T]to remove bad substances from sth. to make it pure:
Plants help to purify the air.
One of the functions of the kidneys is to purify the blood.
unable
adj.be unable to do sth. to not be able to do sth.:
We were unable to contact him at the time.
11. They were able to produce it in large quantities. (P19) 他们能够大量地生产它。

able
adj.be able to do sth. to have the necessary physical strength, mental power, skill, time, money or opportunity to do sth.:
Will she be able to cope with the work?
He's never been able to admit to his mistakes.
I'm sorry that I wasn't able to phone you yesterday.
It's so wonderful being able to see the sea from my window.
ability (POWER)
n.[C or U]
the physical or mental power or skill needed to do sth.:
There's no doubting her ability.
[+ to infinitive] She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely.
n.[C or U]the amount or number of sth., especially that can be measured or is fixed: Police found a large/small quantity of drugs in his possession.
We consumed vast quantities of food and drink that night.
The (sheer) quantity(= large amount) of equipment needed for the trip is staggering.
even minor wounds. (P19) 如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于由细菌引起的疾病。

available
adj.able to be obtained, used, or reached:
Is this dress available in a larger size?
There's no money available for an office party this year.
It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas.
[+ to infinitive] I'm afraid I'm not available to help with the show on the 19th.
die
v.[I] (dying, died, died)to stop living or existing, either suddenly or slowly:
Twelve people died in the accident.
She died of/from hunger/cancer/a heart attack/her injuries.
lungs. (P19) 青霉素也用于治疗其他的疾病,其中包括肺炎,这是一种侵袭肺部的疾病.
affect
v.[T]to have an influence on someone or sth., or to cause them to change:
Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
The divorce affected every aspect of her life.
It's a disease which affects mainly older people.
I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me).
14. In 1945, all the three scientists, Fleming, Florey and Chain, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work, and penicillin rapidly became the powerful ‘wonder drug’ which saved millions of lives. (P19) 由于弗莱明, 弗洛里和钱恩的贡献, 1945年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖的生理学或医药学奖, 而青霉素因挽救了数百万人的生命, 很快成为一种强大的“神奇药品”。

share
v.1)[I or T]to have or use sth. at the same time as someone else:
She's very possessive about her toys and finds it hard to share.
Bill and I shared an office for years.
I share a house with four other people.
2)[I or T]to divide food, money, goods, etc. and give part of it to someone else:
Will you share your sandwich with me?
Let's share the sweets (out)among/between everyone.
We should share (in) the reward.
3)[I or T]If two or more people share an activity, they each do some of it:
Shall we share the driving?
We shared the preparation for the party between us, so it wasn't too much work.
4)[I or T]If two or more people or things share a feeling, quality or experience, they both or all have the same feeling, quality or experience:
We share an interest in sailing.
All hospitals share some common characteristics.
I don't share your views/beliefs.
wonder
v.1)[I]to ask yourself questions or express a desire to know about sth.:
[+ question word] Hadn't you better phone home? Your parents will be wondering where you are. He's starting to wonder whether he did the right thing in accepting this job.
[+ speech] Will this turkey be big enough for eight, I wonder?
"Have you decided where you're going next summer?" "I've been wondering about(= considering) going to Florida."
2)used in phrases, at the beginning of a request, to make it more formal and polite:
[+ speech] I wonder - could you help me carry these books?
[+ question word] I wonder whether you could pass me the butter?
I wonder if you could give me some information about places to visit in the area?
n.1)[U]a feeling of great surprise and admiration caused by seeing or experiencing sth. that is strange and new:
The sight of the Grand Canyon stretching out before them filled them with wonder.
The boys gazed in wonder at the shiny red Ferrari.
2)[C usually plural]an object that causes a feeling of great surprise and admiration:
We spent a week visiting the wonders of Ancient Greek civilization.
wonder drug
n.[C]INFORMAL: a very effective new medicine:
It has proved to be a wonder drug for sufferers of epilepsy, reducing seizures by up to 80%.
million
determiner, n., pron. (plural million or millions)
1)[C](the number) 1 000 000:
She got eight million dollars for appearing in that film.
2)[C]a lot (of):
轻了许多人的痛苦.
relief
n.[C or U]food, money or services which provide help for people in need:
an international relief operation
relief agencies/supplies
Acupuncture anaesthesia brought relief to the patient.
Pop stars have raised millions of pounds for famine relief in Africa.
relieve
v.[T]1)to provide relief for a bad situation or for people in need:
emergency food aid to help relieve the famine
2)to take the place of someone and continue doing their job or duties:
I'm on duty until 2 p.m. and then Peter is coming to relieve me.
16. It was fundamental to saving many thousands of lives and is one of the most important medicines of contemporary society. (P21)它对于拯救许多人的性命是很重要的,并且它是当代社会最重要的药物之一.
fundamental
adj.forming the base, from which everything else originates; more important than anything else:
We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential. Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies.
Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
fundamentally
adv.
Our new managing director has reorganized the company a bit, but nothing has fundamentally changed/altered (= its basic character has not changed).
I still believe that people are fundamentally(= in a basic and important way) good.
I disagree fundamentally(= in every way that is important) with what you're saying.
V。