三大从句(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句比较)

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三大从句
定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句
• 请写出下列句中的从句属于哪种类型的从句:主语从 句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、 状语从句。 1. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to 定语从句 make decisions of my own. _________. 地点状语从句 2. I found the wallet where you left it. _________________. 时间状语从句 3. She sang as she walked home all the way. _____________. 4. Many people, as you know, are learning foreign languages. _________________. 定语从句 5. The news that our team has won the game was true. 同位语从句 _________________. 6. It was obvious that you’ve made a big mistake.主语从句 ________. 7. He will talk to us about what he saw in the school. 宾语从句 _________________. 表语从句 8. He looks as if he was going to cry. _________________.
3、引导状语从句的连接词 1)时间状语从句:常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when instantly 2)地点状语从句:常用引导词:where 特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句 型: 句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可 用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕 作是困难的,或根本不可能的。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成 句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意 思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主 句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如: Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
3、引导状语从句的连接词 3)原因状语从句:常用引导词:because=in that, since=now that(既然), as, for(补充说明) 特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that(考虑到). 4)目的状语从句:常用引导词:so that, in order that 特殊引导词: for fear that(唯恐/生怕),in the hope that(带着..希望), for the purpose that (带着..目的), to the end that 5) 结果状语从句:常用引导词:so … that, such … that, 特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
3、引导状语从句的连接词 6)条件状语从句:常用引导词:if, unless, 特殊引导词:as/so long as(只要), only if, providing/provided that(倘若), supposing that(倘若), in case that(以防), on condition that 7)让步状语从句:常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though(即使) 特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒 装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, as if=as though(仿佛)
4)有“本该(可)……而(却)……”的含义,此时when含 有对比意义。例如: They have only three copies when we need five. 我们本该需要五本,而他们却只有三本。 5)有“既然……”的含义。此时when从句说明主 句的理由或是一种借故。例如: I can’t tell you anything when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。 6)有“如果,要是(=if)”的含义,此时when从句表示 条件,意思上接近“在……的情况下”。例如: Come when you are ready. 如果(要是)你准备好了,就来吧。
7)有“还没(刚刚)……就……”的含义, 此时表示主、 从句的动作几乎同时发生。例如: I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚开门,他就打我。 8)有“那时或然后”的含义,此时when前往往有 逗号。例如: They arrive at 6, when we all have dinner. 他们六点到,那时(然后)我们大家一起吃饭。 9)有“其实或虽然……但是……”的含义,此时 when的意思接近although。例如: She stopped trying, when she might succeed next time. 她不再尝试了,其实下一次说不定会成功。
• 从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于 某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在 英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句 (包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句, 同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从 句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、 条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、 方式等)。
引导词来区分
总结
1.在时间状语中,when 翻译成“当……的时候” I want to be a teacher when I grow up.当我长大的时 候,我要做一名老师。 在定语从句中,when不翻译。I won't forget the day when he says he loves me.我不会忘记他说爱我的 那一天。 2.时间状语中,when从句前面或后面是句子; 定语从句中,when从句不能位于句首,且通常 when前为表示时间的名词day、year等 3.时间状语从句中,when是连词,不做从句的成分 定语从句中,when是关系副词,在从句中代替先 行词做从句的时间状语。
2. 状语从句
1)有“当……的时候”的含义(=at the time that...),此时 when后的从句是用来说明前面主句动作发生的背景。 例如: James pretended to be deaf when I spoke to him. 当我和詹姆斯讲话的时候,他假装耳聋。 2)有“正……忽然……”的含义,表示突然发生某事。此 时是when前的主句说明when后面句子之中动词动作发 生的背景。例如: I was about to leave my office when the telephone rang. 我正要离开办公室时,忽然电话铃响了。 3)有“无论什么时候……”的含义,与whenever的意思差 不多,但语气较轻。此时when后的从句说明主句动词动 作发生的背景。例如: When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹,所有的门都吱吱嘎嘎作响。
3.定语从句
when引导定语从句表示时间,在定语从句中做 状语,它的先行词是表示时间的名词(如the day, theBaidu Nhomakorabeadays, the time, the year等)。 1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。 I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。
1. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何 成分) 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词:when, where, how, why
2、引导定语从句的连接词 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等; 关系副词有where, when, why等。
NOTE:
以When引导的定语从句 I remember the day _______ which you have forgot.
{WHICH引导的DAY在从句中做宾语} when I remember the day _______ we got married. {when在定语从句中充当时间状语} 做宾语是不能用WHEN,时间状语用when
Where 的例子
The church was built( )a Roman temple had been located. A. where B. in which
-When and where you get to know her? -It was on the farm( )we visited. A. where B. which
9)方式状语从句:常用引导词:as, as if, how 特殊引导词:the way
以when作为例子
1、名词性从句 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 (主语从句常用it做形式主语,而将主语从句置于句 末。) The problem is when we will start. 问题是我们什么时候出发。 (表语从句) It’s up to you to decide when we will start. 由你决定我们什么时候出发。 (宾语从句) I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候能回来。(同位语从句)
3、引导状语从句的连接词 8)比较状语从句:常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y(A对B来说,像X对Y 一样); no … more than; not A so much as B
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