语言学

Chapter 2 Phonology

I.Fill in the blanks.

1._Articulatory___phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing the sounds of speech.

2.Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the

_airstream__coming from the lungs.

3.Consonant sounds can be either _voiced__ or _voiceless__, while all vowel sounds are __voiced__

4.The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the _tongue___and the lips.

5.One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second

element is the _height__ to which that part of the tongue is raised.

6.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _obstruction___

7.In phonological analysis the words fail—veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/-/v/. This is an

example for illustrating _minimal pairs___

8.In English there are a number of __diphthongs _, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another

through intervening positions.

9._Assimilation Rule 同化规则__refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors. II.Choose the best answer

10.Pitch variation is known as ___ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.

A intonation

B tone

C pronunciation

D voice

11. Conventionally a ____is put in slashes.

A allophone

B phone

C phoneme

D morpheme 词素

12. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p are ___ of the p phoneme.

A analogues

B tagmemes

C morphemes

D allophones

13. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as ___ diphthongs.

A wide

B closing

C narrow

D centering

14. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called ___

A minimal pairs

B allomorphs

C phones

D allophones

15. which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?

A Acoustic phonetics

B Articulatory phonetics

C Auditory phonetics

D Neither of them

16. Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?

A [z]

B [w]

C [ ]

D [v]

17. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation .

A [n]

B [m]

C [b] D[p]

18. Which vowel is different from others according to the characteristics of vowels?

A［i：］B［u］C［e］D［i］

19. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?

A V oiceless

B Voiced

C Vowel

D Consonant

20. Which consonant represents the following description: voiceless labiodental fricative?

A [f]

B [ ]

C [z]

D [s]

III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

21. Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and until recently the most highly developed, is acoustic

phonetics ( False)

22. Sound [p] in the word “spit” is an unaspirated stop. (True)

23. Supersegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as

syllable, word and sentence (True)

24. The airstream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound. (T)

25. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of

one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation. (True)

26. [p] is voiced bilabial stop. (F)

27. Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds. (False)

28. When pure or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place. (True)