生态学_林文雄_试卷1
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福建农林大学考试试卷1 （A ）卷
得分______评卷人______
一、名词解释（写出中文的意思得1分,解释3分，共24分）
1. Co-evolution
2. Edge effect
3.energy pyramids
4.survivorship
5.trophic level
6.biological magnification
得分______评卷人______
二、选择题（选择正确答案的字母填入括号，每空格1分，共16分）
1. ( ) put forward the definition of ecology firstly in 1869, and was considered as farther of ecology.
A．E．Haeckel B．E．P．Odum C．A．G．Tansley D．Darwin
2. Generally, competition will lead to ( ) distribution.
A．random B．uniform C．clumped D．vertical
3. In a community，( ) of plants indicates how the environment they live.
A．life form B．growth form C．ecotype D. species diversity
4. ( ) have significant influence on community structure by virtue of high biomass. A．dominant species B.constructive species C.key stone species D.rare species
5. Food chain is generally ( ) links.
A．3-4 B. 4-5 C. 5-6 D. 6-76. ( ) is also called 1/10 law.
A. production efficiency
B.consumption efficiency
C.assimilation efficiency D．Lindemans ficiency
7. Which of the following best describes an intimate ecological association in which the organism is harmed when living on or within the host, but which generally has a negative effect on that host? ( )
A. Mutualism
B. Commensalism
C.Parasitism
D.Predatio
8. Which biotic community is the most abundant in diversity.( )
A.tropical rain forest C. Iowa corn field D. western grassland E Arctic tundra
9. When we eat celery(芹菜) we are acting as ( )
A. producers
B. primary consumers
C.secondary consumers
D. decomposers
10. Which of the following is NOT a component of the abiotic environment? ( )
A. temperature
B. light
C. pathogens
D. humidity
11. Generally most energy in an ecosystem goes into ( )
A．consumption sub-ecosystem. B.decomposition sub-ecosystem
C. both D．no one
12. In the food chain, secondary consumer or higher is called ( ), and may be a primary or secondary consumer is called ( )
A.heterotroph
B.herbivore
C.carnivore
D. omnivore
13. Pattern of population distribution is called ( ), number of organisms an ecosystem can support is called ( ), and functional role of an organism in the community is called ( ) A.habitat B. niche C. carrying capacity D. biotic potential E. dispersion
得分______评卷人______
三、简答题（每小题6分，共30分）
1.简述生物与环境相互作用的基本原理。
2. K-对策者生物与r-对策者生物的主要区别。
3.群落的基本特征表现在哪些方面？
4.简述全球生态系统的C循环及人类干扰的带来的生态问题。
5.简述群落演替的一般过程和特点。
得分______评卷人______
六、问答题（每小题15分，共30分）
1．阐述竞争排斥原理与生态位理论在自然群落中的应用。
2. 利用生态学原理，阐述全球主要生态问题的实质。
福建农林大学考试试卷1 (A)卷答案
2004 ——2005 学年第二学期
课程名称：生态学（ECOLOGY）考试时间2005.6.15
一、名词解释（写出中文的意思得1分,解释3分，共24分）
1.Co-evolution：协同进化，一个物种的性状作为另一物种的性状的反应而进化，而后一物种的性状又作为前一物种性状的反应的进化现象称协同进化。
2.Edge effect：边缘效应，群落交错区物种的多样性有增大的趋势。
3.energy pyramids：能量金字塔，把通过营养级的能量由低级到高级规划成图。
4.survivorship：存活曲线，将种群生命表的存活率绘制成图，直观表示同生群的存活过程。
5.trophic level营养级：食物链上每个位置上所有生物的总和。
6.biological magnification：生物放大（富集）作用，指某些难分解的化合物随食物链中营养级越高，累积量越大的现象。
二、选择题（选择正确答案的字母填入括号，每空格1分，共16分）
1.A
2.B或C
3.A
4.A
5.B
6. D
7.C
8.A
9.B 10.C 11.B 12.CD 13.ECB