(完整)英语主从复合句大全,推荐文档
九年级英语主从复合句(名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句 )
初中英语专题:主从复合句名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句1.— Do you know if he ______ for tomorrow s meeting?—I'm not sure. If he ______ I'll call you as soon as possible.A.comes; comes B.will come; will come C.will come; comes全面解析:如果他来,我将尽可能快地给你打电话。
if如果,是否。
根据I'm not sure.我不确定,可知不知道是否他将来,tomorrow表明时态是一般将来时,结构是will+动词原形,所以用will come;第二个句子表示if 引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句用will+动词原形,if所在的句子是从句,主语是he,所以用comes,故选C。
2.—Can you tell me _________?—He is kind and generous. He always helps others.A.what your buddy is like B.what your buddy likesC.How your buddy looks like D.how your buddy likes全面解析:A.what your buddy is like你的好友是什么样;B.what your buddy likes你的好友喜欢什么;没有C、D 表达。
根据回答他善良和大方可知,上文询问是密友什么样的,故答案选A。
3.—I wonder if Tom ______ this afternoon.—Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he ______.A.will come; came B.comes; will comeC.will come; comes D.comes; came全面解析:—不要担心。
初中英语语法主从复合句
初中英语语法主从复合句主从复合句是指由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
从句在句子中充当一个名词、形容词或副词的角色。
主从复合句的主句表示一个完整的意思,而从句则依附在主句中,充当主句的一个组成部分。
以下是主从复合句的几种常见类型:1. 名词从句名词从句在句子中充当主句的宾语、主语、表语或介词宾语等角色。
例如:- I know [that she is my friend].(宾语从句)- [What you said] makes sense.(主语从句)- His hope is [that he will win the game].(表语从句)- She is interested in [what you are doing].(介词宾语从句)2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,通常用来提供额外的信息。
通常由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)引导。
例如:- The boy [who is sitting over there] is my classmate.- This is the book [that I bought yesterday].- The woman [whose car was stolen] reported it to the police.3. 状语从句状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词,提供额外的信息。
常见的状语从句有时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句和方式状语从句等。
例如:- She went to bed [after she finished her homework].(时间状语从句)- He failed the exam [because he didn't study].(原因状语从句)- They are so tired [that they can't walk anymore].(结果状语从句)- If it rains tomorrow, [we will stay at home].(条件状语从句)- He did it [in the way that she had instructed].(方式状语从句)以上是主从复合句的几种常见类型,。
常见的英语主从复合句
p og r r e s s , t h o u g h . ( 然 而)
4 . 结 语
m a d e a n y p r o g r e s s . ( 然 而)
3 1 He w o r k s h a r d ;h i s b r o t h e r h a s n’ t ma d e a n y
从句 类型丰 富多彩, 除以上特定 句式外 , 更 多 的是
s i t ua t i o n,c o nd i t i o n ,c a s e ,r a c e ,s c e ne ,a c t i vi t y,p o—
④a s …s a y i n g g o e s
⑤ a s i s o t f e n t h e c a s e
t r u t h , e v i d e n c e , i d e a ,p o s s i b i l i t y , r e q u e s t , p r o mi s e ,d e c i -
若b e是 i s / h a s b e e n用 s i n c e表 “ 自… … 来 多久 了” : 若是 b e的其 他 形 式 则用 b e f o r e 表 “ 才、 就 ……” : 2 . 3常用 a s 引导的句式: 1 ) 句首是名词原形、 动词 原 形 、 或形容词 、 副词时用 a s 表“ 虽然 , 尽管 ” :
1 1 He wo r k s h a r d ,wh i l e /y e t h i s y o u n g b r o t h e r
② I t i s , w a s +n o t …b u t … +t h a t …
⑧ I t i s / w a s +b e c a u s e… +t h a t …
主从复合句
主从复合句主从复合句是由主句和从句组成的句子,从句在句子中起到修饰、说明主句意思的作用。
主从复合句的组成形式是一个有独立意义的主句和一个不能独立成句的从句构成的,它们之间是并列关系或从属关系。
下面是一些主从复合句及其用法的例子。
1. 主句+关系代词+从句例如:The book that I read yesterday was really interesting.【译文】我昨天读的那本书真的很有趣。
在这个句子中,“The book”是主句,“that I read yesterday”是从句,关系代词“that”起到连接主句和从句的作用。
2. 主句+连接副词/从属连词+从句例如:I haven't decided yet whether I should go to the party.【译文】我还没有决定是否要去参加聚会。
在这个句子中,“I haven't decided yet”是主句,“whether I should go to the party”是从句,连接副词“whether”用来引导从句。
3. 从句+主句例如:If it rains, I will stay home.【译文】如果下雨了,我就呆在家里。
在这个句子中,“if it rains”是从句,“I will stay home”是主句,从句在前面起到条件的作用。
4. 主句+连接副词+从句+主句例如:Although I am busy, I will try to help you.【译文】虽然我很忙,但我会尽力帮助你。
在这个句子中,“although I am busy”是从句,“I will try to help you”是主句,连接副词“although”起到引导从句,并在主句后加入了一个逗号。
5. 从句+主句+连接副词例如:Where you go, I will follow.【译文】你去哪里,我就跟到哪里。
初中英语主从复合句 (名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句 )
初中英语专题:主从复合句名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句1.—Could you tell____?—You can take No. 16 bus.A.how can I get to the Olympic Park B.how I can get to the Olympic ParkC.how did I get to the Olympic Park D.how I got to the Olympic Park全面解析:结合题干及选项可知此空是宾语从句,语序要用陈述句语序,排除A与C;由You can take No. 16 bus.可知此空要用一般现在时,故答案为B。
2.If you _______ hard, you _______ behind.A.won't study; will fall B.don't study; fallC.won't study; fall D.don't study; will fall全面解析:if 引导的条件状语从句,谓语动词要用一般现在时,主句要用一般将来时,故答案为D。
3.Mary will go to Sanya if she _________a five-day trip.A.have B.had C.will have D.has全面解析:A项是一般现在时复数,B项是一般过去时,C项是将来时,D项是一般现在时单数。
if 表示如果的含义的时候,应用主将从现的原则,即主句中用将来时,从句中用一般现在时的形式。
缺空在if 从句中作谓语动词,应用一般现在时。
she是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,故选D。
4.I didn't know .A.where does Tom buy the gift.B.where Tom bought the gift.C.where did Tom buy the gift.D.where Tom will buy the gift.全面解析:分析句子结构可知,填空处是宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述句语序,选项AC是疑问句语序,排除AC;根据I didn't know 可知,主句是一般过去时,宾语从句用适合的过去时态,选项D是一般将来时,再排除D。
中考英语主从复合句考点总结
中考英语主从复合句考点总结简单句、并列句和复合句考点一简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构.五种简单句:主+谓.Hecomesatlast.主+系+表.Sheisateacher.Thesouptastesnice.主+谓+宾.Theyreachedthevillage.主+谓+间宾+直宾.Hegavemeapen.主+谓+宾+宾补.Ifindthatbookveryuseful.考点二并列句并列句:两个或两个以上的简单句,用连词连接起来。
常用的连接词有:表示顺承关系的:and,notonly…butalso(不仅….而且….)等。
She______gaveusalotofadvice,_______helpedustoovercomediff iculties.Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,_____atlastshesuccee ded.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or(还是,否则)Doyouwanttoleavenow____wouldyourathersetofflater?Wearyourcoat,____you’llcatchacold.表示转折关系的有but,yet等。
Heisyoung,butheworkshard.虽然他年轻,但工作努力。
表示因果关系的有for,so等。
MyleghurtssoIgotoseeadoctor.我的腿疼,因此我去看医生。
考点三主从复合句:宾语从句宾语从句的引导词(1)引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.(2)引导一般疑问句用if或whether.Sheaskedmeif\whethershecouldjoinus.(whether…ornot)(3)引导特殊疑问句,要用原来的特殊疑问词。
Sheaskedthemwhattheyweredoing.宾语从句的语序:要用陈述句语序。
主从复合句英语
主从复合句英语Title: The Importance of Cultivating Reading HabitsAs an English professor, I believe that cultivating reading habits is paramount to becoming a competent learner and a successful individual. Through reading, we gain knowledge, broaden our perspectives, and improve our critical thinking skills.Reading encompasses more than just textbooks and academic journals. It should span across genres and mediums, from fiction novels to news articles, from ebooks to physical copies. By embracing diverse materials, we can expand our understanding of the world around us and explore different viewpoints.Moreover, reading allows us to appreciate language and literature. It enhances our communication skills and exposes us to new vocabulary and grammar structures. Avid readers tend to have a richer and more varied language repertoire, making them more effective communicators.Perhaps most importantly, reading fosters individual growth. It encourages selfreflection and empathy, allowing us to connect withcharacters, themes, and ideas we encounter in literature. Through reading, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and others, ultimately leading to personal growth and development.Therefore, I urge everyone, regardless of their backgrounds and professions, to cultivate a reading habit as part of their daily routine. Reading is an investment in oneself that pays great dividends in all aspects of life.。
英语主从复合句精编资料
英语主从复合句初中英语语法之主从复合句(The complex sentences)主从复合句(初中掌握三类从句,即宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)1. 宾语从句宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词、非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)的宾语。
1) 引导宾语从句的关联词的用法➢陈述意义的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导,that本身无义,在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。
➢ e.g. She said (that) she would come. (她说她将会来)➢➢一般疑问意义的宾语从句由从属连词whether或if引导,如果强调“究竟是…还是不…”,可在whether后加not ➢ e.g. Can you tell me if/whether you can come here tomorrow?➢(你能告诉我是否你能来这儿明天)➢➢特殊疑问意义的宾语从句,由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导,宾语从句中的语序为陈述式语序。
➢ e.g. Please tell me when you were born.➢(请告诉我你什么时候出生)2) 学习宾语从句应该注意的几个问题➢当主句谓语动词是think、believe、imagine等时,后面的宾语从句➢要表示否定意义时,要通过主句的否定式来实现,即否定主句中的动词。
➢ e.g. 我认为他明天不会来。
➢(wrong)I think he will not come tomorrow.➢(right)I don’t think he will come tomorrow.➢(我想他将不会来)➢某些形容词后面也可有宾语从句,这些形容词有:sure(确信)、certain(无疑、肯定)、glad(高兴)、 pleased(乐意)、happy(幸福)、afraid(害怕)、surprised(惊奇)、satisfied(满足)等。
初中英语语法主从复合句
初中英语语法主从复合句主从复合句是指一个句子中包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
从句是与主句含义相关的附属句,通常由连词引导。
1. 主句+从句:主句:I will go to the cinema tonight.从句:because it's my favorite movie.2. 主句+从句:主句:She is studying hard.从句:so that she can pass the exam.3. 主句+从句:主句:The teacher asked us to be quiet.从句:while she was giving a lecture.4. 主句+从句:主句:He didn't go to the party.从句:although he was invited.5. 主句+从句:主句:They watched a movie.从句:which was released last week.6. 主句+从句:主句:I don't know where he went.从句:since he didn't tell me.7. 主句+从句:主句:She wants to buy a new car.从句:because her old one broke down.在这些例子中,主从复合句的关系是主句是主要内容,而从句是对主句的补充、说明、原因或条件。
起到进一步解释主句的作用。
从句的引导词包括连词如because、so that、while、although,以及关系代词/副词如which、where、because等。
初中英语语法主从复合句
初中英语语法主从复合句主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成的句子。
主从复合句中的从句可以作为主句的主语、宾语、定语、状语或表语。
以下是一些常见的主从复合句结构:1. 从句作主语:- What you said is true.(你说的是真的。
)- Whether you like it or not doesn't matter.(你喜不喜欢无关紧要。
)2. 从句作宾语:- I know that he is a good student.(我知道他是个好学生。
)- She asked me where I was going.(她问我去哪里。
)3. 从句作定语:- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的书非常有趣。
)- She showed me the picture that she painted.(她给我看了她画的那幅画。
)4. 从句作状语:- Since it's raining, we will stay at home.(既然下雨了,我们就呆在家里。
)- I will call you when I arrive.(我到达时会给你打电话。
)5. 从句作表语:- His dream is that he wants to become a doctor.(他的梦想是想成为一名医生。
)- The fact is that he didn't pass the exam.(事实是他考试没通过。
)需要注意的是,从句和主句之间的关系要用适当的连词连接起来,如that, whether, while, when, because, if等。
此外,从句的动词形式和时态也要根据上下文的需要进行调整。
希望这些例句可以帮助你理解主从复合句的用法。
如果有任何问题,请随时向我提问。
(完整word)英语主从复合句大全,推荐文档
主从复合句主句是主体,从句只是句子的一个成分,换言之,将句子(除谓语外)的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。
关联词分五类:疑问代词:who(whom/whose),which, what,关系代词:who(whom/whose),which, that,疑问副词:when, where, why, how关系副词:when, where, why从属连词:that (无词义),whether, if, although, afterbecause, before, when, since,as soon as, as long as只有从属连词没有句子功用,即不担任句子成分。
从句分为五类:主语从句宾语从句表语从句前三项都是名词性从句,句中作用如同名词。
一般都不用逗号,所用关联词相同:1,连词that/whether/if 2, 3, 疑问副词when /where /how /why(引导间接疑问句)定语从句状语从句一.主语从句subject clause,也可分为三种:that引导的主从/ 由连接代副词引导的主从/ what和whoever等引导的主从。
1由that引导的主从,用得最多。
(that 后面是主语)“That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。
上面句子看着别扭陌生,换成it引导的句子就熟悉了,因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替,有五种形式:(1)+ that 、、、It is(2)、、、It’(3)宾语) or adverbial(副词)) + that、、、’re right.It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。
我从未想到或许她是在说谎(4)、、、It is said)that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 谣传说/据说你得了肾结石。
主从复合句
主从复合句表语从句在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如:That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...② 关于宾语从句连词的选择:若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。
) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。
) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。
) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? )③宾语从句的时态问题:如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时;如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。
如:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。
) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。
初中英语专题:主从复合句 (名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句 )
初中英语专题:主从复合句名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句1.He is an honest boy. I have no reason to doubt ____ what he said is true or not.A.if B.whether C.that D.when全面解析:我没有理由怀疑他说的是真是假。
A:if是否;B:whether是否,要用or not连用;C:that无词义,只起到连接的作用,可以省略;D:when何时。
根据doubt,可知用连接词if或whether,且句末有or not,用whether,故选B。
2.—Who is the hero in your mind?—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ____has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration(勘探).A.who B.whom C.which D.where3.— Excuse me, could you tell me____?— Sorrv. I am new here.A.when the library opensB.how long does the old man live hereC.where is the nearest supermarketD.how do you get to the post office4.You don't know ____I want to see my grandparents again. It's been half a year since I last saw them.A.how soon B.how long C.how often D.how much5.I wonder____ there is a bank near the store.A.if B.what C.how D.where6.—Could you tell me ____?—At 10: 00 am this Tuesday.A.when you will arriveB.why you came hereC.who will you come with全面解析:when you will arrive 你什么时候会到;why you came here你为什么来这里;who will you comewith你会和谁一起来?由答语"At 10: 00 am this Tuesday."可知,这里询问的是时间,所以选择特殊疑问词when,表示"什么时候"。
英语学习(主从复合句)
高考英语语法讲解——主从复合句(附练习题)主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)【考点分析】状语从句1. when, while , as引导时间状语从句的区别;2. 名词词组 the minute , the moment, the first time , each time ,any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;3. before ,和SinCe引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;4. till 和Until的用法;5. although , though , as 以及 even if , even though 弓丨导让步状语从句的用法;6. 结果状语从句中“ so, that ”与“ such, that ”的区别;7. 条件状语从句 unless, PrOViding/provided ,SuPPOSe∕supposing等引导词的用法;8. “疑问词+ ever ”和“ no matter +疑问词”引导从句的用法;9. in CaSe 引导的状语从句;10. where引导的状语从句;11.once引导的状语从句。
12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
名词从句1. that和What引导名词性从句的区别;2. 名词从句的语序和时态;3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;4. 宾语从句的否定转移;5. whether和if的用法区别;6. what在名词性从句中的使用;2. who、whom与 whose引导的定语从句的区别;3. 关系副词where、When与Why引导的定语从句的区别;4. 对“ as”引导定语从句的考查;5. SuCh , as 与 such, that 的区别;the Same, as 与 the Same , that 的区别;6. 对“介词+关系代词”的考查;7. the Way作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用 in WhiCh ,that或者省略;8. 含有插入语的定语从句;9. 与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
英语主从复合句大全
主从复合句主句就是主体,从句只就是句子得一个成分,换言之,将句子(除谓语外)得各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。
关联词分五类:疑问代词:who(whom/whose), which,what,关系代词:who(whom/whose),which, that,疑问副词:when,where,why,how关系副词:when,where, why从属连词:that (无词义),whether,if, although,afterbecause, before,when,since,as soon as,as long as只有从属连词没有句子功用,即不担任句子成分.从句分为五类:主语从句宾语从句表语从句句中作用如同名词.一般都不用逗号,所用关联词相同:1,连词that/whether /if 2,what/which 3,疑问副词when /where /how /why(引导间接疑问句) 定语从句状语从句一。
主语从句subjectclause,也可分为三种:that引导得主从/由连接代副词引导得主从/ what与whoever等引导得主从。
1由that引导得主从,用得最多。
(that 后面就是主语)“Thatshebecameanartist may havebeen duetoher father's influence、"她成为画家可能就是受其父亲得影响。
,换成it引导得句子就熟悉了,因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替,有五种形式:(1)It+b+that、、、It is althat they should havedifferent views、(2)It + be ++that、、、It’s a at you are still alive、(3)It(+object(宾语) oradverbial(副词))+that、、、It seemsu’re right、It struckme that we oughtto make a new plan、我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。
初中英语专题:主从复合句 (名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句 )
初中英语专题:主从复合句名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句1.Peter was hiding behind a tree ____ a snowball hit him.A.when B.while C.as全面解析:when这时,当…...时,可表示一个时间点,也可表示一个时间段(动词是延续性和短暂性);while 当…..时,表示一个时间段(动词是延续性动词);as当…...时,强调动作延续性。
分析句子,由题干中hit可知表示一个"时间点",故用连词when,此句型为be doing sth. when...正在做…...这时…...。
故选A。
2.My family were sleeping when the earthquake ____ .A.start B.started C.was starting全面解析:A是动词原形,B是动词的过去式,C是过去进行时。
句子是when引导的时间状语从句,主句是过去进行时,从句是一般过去时,动词start用过去式started,故选B。
3.When he grows up, he's going to do ____.A.what he wants to do B.what does he want to doC.what he want to do D.what will he want to do全面解析:分析句子结构可知,填空处是宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述句语序,BD是疑问句语序,排除BD;主语he是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式wants。
故选A。
4.You can use my car ____ you drive it carefully.A.so B.as long as C.although D.but全面解析:A.所以;B.只要;C.尽管;D.但是。
根据You can use my car ____ you drive it carefully. 可知,后句是前句的条件,用as long as引导的条件状语从句。
高中英语经典句子背诵系列 主从复合句
高中英语经典句子背诵系列主从复合句同为语从句1.These results are a signal that the child may need special help. 这些结果表明这个孩子可能需要特别的帮助。
2.She had a feeling she already knew where this conversation was going to lead.她感觉到她已经知道这次谈话将导向何处。
3.I have no idea why the television isn’t working. 我不明白电视机为什么坏了。
4.Word spread quickly that she was leaving. 她要离开的消息迅速传开。
5.There is a risk that the disease may spread further. 这种疾病存在进一步扩散的危险。
6.The first thing that struck me was the fact that there were no other women present. 我首先意识到没有其他女性到场。
7.the theory that light is made up of waves 光是由波组成的理论8.The fact that he is your brother-in-law should not affect your decision. 他是你姐夫这个事实不应该影响你的决定。
9.He might have left the money for the simple reason that he didn’t know it was there.他没动那笔钱原因可能很简单——他不知道钱在那里。
10.Give us strength that we may stand against them. 赐予我们力量,让我们能和他们抗衡。
初中英语专题:主从复合句 (名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句 )
初中英语专题:主从复合句名词性从句 +定语从句 +宾语从句 +状语从句1.The mountains were____big____it took Yu Gong along time to walk the other side.A.so; that B.too; to C.not; until D.enough; to全面解析:so; that"如此……以至于……",用于连接两个句子,表示前一个句子所描述的情况导致了后一个句子所描述的结果。
too; to"太……而不能……"表示某物或某人因为过度或过量而不能达到某种状态或做某事。
not; until"直到……才……"用于描述某个动作或事件在另一个时间或条件发生之前一直没有发生,enough; to"足够……以至于……"表示某物或某人具有足够的某种性质或能力,以至于可以做某事。
根据句意可知,此处选择so ... that最符合题意,"so big"描述了山的大小,而"that it took Yu Gong a long time to walk to the other side"则是一个结果状语从句,说明了由于山的大小,愚公需要花费很长时间才能走到山的另一边,故答案为A。
2.Do you know____?A.what's the population of LuzhouB.how's the population of LuzhouC.what the population of Luzhou isD.how the population of Luzhou is全面解析:3.You must clean your room ____ your mother comes back.A.after B.but C.before D.and全面解析:after在……之后;but但是;before在……之前;and和。
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主从复合句主句是主体,从句只是句子的一个成分,换言之,将句子(除谓语外)的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。
关联词分五类:疑问代词:who(whom/whose),which, what,关系代词:who(whom/whose),which, that,疑问副词:when, where, why, how关系副词:when, where, why从属连词:that (无词义),whether, if, although, afterbecause, before, when, since,as soon as, as long as只有从属连词没有句子功用,即不担任句子成分。
从句分为五类:主语从句宾语从句表语从句前三项都是名词性从句,句中作用如同名词。
一般都不用逗号,所用关联词相同:1,连词that/whether/if 2, 3, 疑问副词when /where /how /why(引导间接疑问句)定语从句状语从句一.主语从句subject clause,也可分为三种:that引导的主从/ 由连接代副词引导的主从/ what和whoever等引导的主从。
1由that引导的主从,用得最多。
(that 后面是主语)“That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。
上面句子看着别扭陌生,换成it引导的句子就熟悉了,因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替,有五种形式:(1)+ that 、、、It is(2)、、、It’(3)宾语) or adverbial(副词)) + that、、、’re right.It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。
我从未想到或许她是在说谎(4)、、、It is said)that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 谣传说/据说你得了肾结石。
(5)、、、’t be that they were interested in him. 不,不,他们不可能对他有兴趣。
口语中that可以省略:显然他的话使她高兴。
Who is to be sent there hasn’t been decided.It’s clear enough what he meant.两种结构都能用,但是it结构更多,有四种形式。
why he behaved like tha t. 我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。
It’s a puzzle how life began.It doesn’t matter much where I live.该发生的事总会发生。
红色为从句What is over is over. 过去的事就过去了。
Whatever my dad did was right. 俺爹做的都是对的。
Whatever she says goes. 一切她说了算。
Whoever comes will be welcomed. 谁来都欢迎Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个,哪个就归你。
二.宾语从句object clause.1由that引导到宾从,有时that可省略I suspected that it was a trick to get our money.我怀疑这是一个骗我们钱的圈套Who can guarantee that he’ll keep his word?谁能保证他会遵守诺言?You can depend upon it, I shall be there. 先行宾语(现行宾语中间要有逗号)你放心,我会去那里的。
I take it they have left for home.我猜想他们已经回家了。
2由连接代词或副词引导宾从Write me how you got home. 写信告诉我你怎能到家的Only you can decide who the best choice is.只有你能决定谁是最佳人选。
I wonder what you call this stuff.我想知道,你管这玩艺叫什么。
3由whether/if引导的宾从I’m wondering whether you would care to spend the evening with me. 不知道你是否愿意跟我们共度今宵。
I asked her if I might call and see her. 我问她是否可以去看她。
4由关系代词what引导的宾从Show me what you’ve bought.把你买的东西给我看看。
I could not express what I felt. 我无法表达内心的感受As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear.作为你的朋友,我想把听到的事告诉你。
5作介词的宾从,其他从句这样用较少:Don’t oke your nose into探听what doesn’t concern you. 别多管闲事。
??6 whatever/whichever/whomever这类词也可引导宾从:I’ll just say whatever comes into my head.想到什么就说什么。
Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。
Give it to whomever you like. 你愿意给谁就给谁。
三.表语从句predicative clause,有二类1由that引导的表语从句The fact is (that) she never liked him.事实是她从未喜欢过他。
His only fault is that he lacks ambition.他唯一的缺点是缺乏雄心大志。
2 由连接代/副词引导的、由关系代词型的what引导的That’s not what I meant. 这不是我的意思。
The question is who’s responsible for what has happened.问题是发生了这事该谁负责。
Times aren’t what they were.时代不同了。
That’s what I am here for.这就是我来这里的目的。
(四.定语从句attributive clause 没看!!1 定从的关联词有二:关系代词(在从句中作主/宾/定)who(whom/whose), which, that和关系副词(在从句中作状语)when, where, why等。
例如:Girl who works in restaurant is called waitress.This is Johnson, whose wife work at a department store.2 Which和that的区别:关系代词which指物,做主语和宾语。
限制性定从中作宾语时可省略。
关系代词that, 指物也指人,做主语和宾语,指物时与which相同。
There are the things that(which)you need.这些就是你要的东西。
A dictionary is a book, which gives the meaning of words. 词典是解释词义的书。
Who is the person that is working at a computer over there. 在计算机上干活的那个人是谁?3 在下列情形下,只能用that:(1)先行词是all / everything / nothing / something(有时例外用which)/ anything / little等不定代词时。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?有什么事我可以在城里代你办吗?That’s all (that) I know. 我知道的就是这些。
(2)先行词为序数词所修饰时。
The first thing (that) I should do is to work out a plan. 我该做的第一件事是订个计划。
(3)先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时。
This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的足球赛中最激烈的一场。
4限制性定从和非限制性定从:意义上可缺否,形式上有无逗号。
(1)that引导的定从大多是限制性的。
注意:非限制性定从不能使用that和关系副词why, 也不能省略任何关系副词,这类从句主要出现在书面语中。
如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Anti-Japanese War. “昨晚我看了一部很棒的电影,是关于抗日战争的”只是补充说明,翻译时多译成并列句:Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work. 礼拜天是假日,这一天人们不上班。
(2)非限制性定从中which/whom常可以跟of或其他介词连用。
Mr. Smith, for whom I was working, was very generous about overtime payments.史密斯先生是我的老板,她付超时工资很大方。
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大多都已满载,周围是一大群愤怒的人。
My kids, both of whom study abroad, ring me up, saying Hi, every week.我的俩孩子都在国外读书,每周给我打来电话问安。
(3)在限制性定从中,当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,大多可省略,特别是在被修饰的词为all / everything等词时。
如:That’s the only thing we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事。
All you have to do is to fill out this form.你只需要填这张表就行了。