高考英语--句子结构详细剖析

高考英语句子结构详细剖析

1、If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.

核心词汇详解：

certify [ˈsɜ:tɪfaɪ]v.证明、证实；发证书(或执照)

扩展：certificate [səˈtɪfɪkət] n.证(明)书、执照

tournament [ˈtʊənəmənt]n. 联赛、锦标赛

noteworthy [ˈnəʊtwɜ:ði]a. 值得注意的、显著的

elite [eɪˈli:t]n. 精英

句子解析：if引导的虚拟语气，当表示与现在事实相反的假设时，从句谓语用动词过去式（be动词用were），主句用should/would/could/might do的形式。主句中冒号后是同位语从句，对quirk的内容进行说明。在该从句中，elite soccer player为主语，are more likely to have been born为谓语，in the earlier months of the year为时间状语，than in the later months为比较状语。

参考译文：如果你检查参加2006年世界杯足球锦标赛每个参赛运动员的出生证明，很可能会发现一个值得注意的怪现象：优秀的足球运动员更可能出生于上半年，而不是下半年。

2、In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes”the information.

核心词汇详解：

inborn [ˌɪnˈbɔ:n]a. 天生的、固有的

exhibit [ɪgˈzɪbɪt]v./n. 展览、陈列

memorize [ˈmeməraɪz]v. 熟记、默记

swamp [swɒmp]n. 沼泽、湿地v. 淹没、沉没

encode [ɪnˈkəʊd]v. 编码

短语：

in other words 换句话说

句子解析：主句前的让步状语从句是一个倒装句，将whatever inborn difference提前形成倒装，正常语序应为：two people may exhibit whatever inborn differences in their abilities to memorize，在whatever，however

引导的让步状语从句中，常把形容词、名词、或副词与whatever，however 一起放在句首，构成一种形式上的倒装。

参考译文：换句话说，不管两个人的记忆力有什么先天性的差别，那些差别都会被个人信息的“编码”的能力所淹没。

3、This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.

核心词汇详解：

couple [ˈkʌpl]n. 对、双、配偶、夫妻v. 连接、成双

genetical [dʒɪ'netɪkl]a. 基因的、遗传的

determine [dɪˈtɜ:mɪn]v. 决定、决心

扩展：determination（determine的名词形式）→n. 决定、决心conclude [kən'klu:d]v. 终止、结束；做总结、结论

memory [ˈmeməri]n. 记忆、记忆力；[计]存储器，内存

memorize [ˈmeməraɪz]v. 熟记、默记

cognitive ['kɒɡnɪtɪv]a. 认知的、认识的

intuitive [ɪnˈtju:ɪtɪv]a. 直觉的

扩展：intuition [ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn] n. 直觉

短语：lead to 引起、导致

more of A that B 是A而不是B

句子解析：在插入语中，coupled with later research是过去分词做后置定语修饰success，而现在分词showing that又做later research的后置定语。结尾的that the act of ...one是that引导的宾语从句，做动词conclude的宾语，在该宾语从句中，the act of memorizing是主语，谓语是is，more of a cognitive one做表语，than an intuitive one做比较状语。

参考译文：这次成功，伴随着后来那些证明记忆力不是由遗传（或基因）决定的实验（或研究），导致E得出结论：记忆行为更是一种认知练习而非直觉活动。

4、As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.

核心词汇详解：

parachute [ˈpærəʃu:t]n.降落伞、保护伞v.跳伞

setback [ˈsetbæk]n. 挫折、阻碍

earn [əːn]v. 赚、挣得