最新中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)

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中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)

◆定义

语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系。

主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

◆被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

◆被动语态的时态:

“主动语态变被动语态,时态不变动”,即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表:

◆主动语态变被动语态的方法

第一步:先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其中的谓语动词。

第二步:把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,变宾格为主格。

第三步:把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”,时态不变。

第四步:把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时,“by+宾语”在句中常省略。),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。

请对比下面的主动句和被动句:

主动语态:They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.

被动语态:Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China.

随堂演练(把下列句型改为被动句)

1.Bruce writes a letter every week.

2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.

3.We grow trees every spring.

4.My mother cleans our room every morning.

补充:

①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语,需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。

用to的常见词有:give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring …….

用for的常见词有:design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook ……

to him by Mary.

for her by her father.

随堂演练:

(1)He gave me a book.

→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)

→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)

(2)My father bought me a new bike.

→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)

→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)

②S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的结构变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语不可变为主语。

补充:

在主动语态中,使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形(即省to的动词不定式),在变成被动语态时,需将to补上。使役动词let除外。

使役动词和感官动词有:一感(feel), 二听(hear,listen to),三让(make, have, let),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)

I saw him play football on the playground just now.

→He was seen to play football on the playground by me.

随堂演练:

1. We saw them _______(play) football.

They _______ _______ ______ _______ football.

2. We often hear her _______(sing) in English.

She_____ often _____ _____ ____ in English.

另:see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。

I can hear him singing.

He ________ _______ ______ _______.

被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句

The photos were taken in Japan.

①(改为否定句)

②(改为一般疑问句,并做肯定和否定回答)

◆被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

My bike was stolen yesterday.

(2)强调动作的执行者时,使用“by+执行者”。

The pen was used by my father.

【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise,come,go,happen,take place等,没有被动语态。

◆被动语态注意点

含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”(短语动词)的句子变成被动语态时,介词或副词不能丢掉。

She took good care of her grandmother.

→Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.

随堂演练

1.People often talk about that film.

That film is often talked ______.

2.He looks after me very well.

I ________________________________.

3. The nurse took good care of the sick man.

The sick man __________________.

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