专八语言学

03年

1.The term transformational-generative grammar was introduced into linguistic in the

mid-1950s by

A.Leonard Bloomfield

B. Edward Sapir

C. Noam Johnson

D. Michael Halliday

（C）解析：转换生成语法（transformational-generative grammar）这个术语是Noam Chomsky(乔姆斯基)在20世界50年代中期引入语言学的。他是美国语言学家，在《句法结构》（1957）----书中所阐述的关于生成语法的理论使语言学研究发生突破性进展。

2.In term of opposite of meaning, _____is a pair of conversives

A.“long” and “short”

B. “present” and “absent”

C. “sell” and “buy”

D. “dead” and “alive”(C ) 解析：从意义的对立（oppositeness of meaning）来看，C的sell and buy 属于换位反义词（conversives）。换位反义词也称为关系反义词。换位反义词的两个词语之间语义相互依赖。

3.The word” marshal” used to mean “ a horse tender”; now it means” an officer of the highest

rank”. The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called

A.Elevation

B. degeneration

C. extensive

D. restriction

（A）解析：marshal 以前表示“马夫”，现在表示“元帅”。这属于词义的升格（elevation）

04年

1.The _____view of language acquisition holds that children are born with an innate ability to

acquire languages of a specific type

A.Behaviourist

B. nativist

C. structuralist

D. psycholiguist

(B)解析：认为小孩生来就具有习得某种语言的天生能力（innate ability）是语言习得（language acquisition）的nativist天生主义者。

2.The basic part of the lexical meaning of a word is often termed its____meaning.

A.Social

B. stylistic

C. connotative

D. denotative

（D）解析：一个词的词汇意义（lexical meaning）的基本部分通常称为词汇意义外延（denotative）方面的意义。词的外延意义又称概念意义，是指词义中表达概念的部分，是客观事物经过人脑的概括并反映在语言中的意义，是词义最基本的核心部分。

3._____first proposed the speech Act Theory

A.Searle

B. Austin

C. Grice

D. Halliday

（B）解析：Speech Act Theory(言语行为理论)的创始人是英国哲学家J.Austin. Searle(赛尔)发展了言语行为理论；美国哲学家Grice提出会话的合作原则（Cooperative Principle）;Halliday 是功能语法的创始人。

05年

1.Syntax is the study of

A. language functions.

B. sentence structures.

C. textual organization.

D. word

formation.

(B)解析：句法学（Syntax）研究的是符号与符号的结合，也就是句子是如何构成的。具体的说，句法是研究词与词之间如何搭配才能构造出形式上合乎句法规则的句子的问题。

2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness.

B. Productivity.

C. Cultural transmission.

D. Finiteness.

（D）解析：任意性，多产性，文化传递性都是语言的区别特征，只有D不是。

3. The speech act theory was first put forward by

A. John Searle.

B. John Austin.

C. Noam Chomsky.

D. M.A.K. Halliday.

（B）解析：言语行为的理论最早由约翰奥斯丁提出。

2006年英语专八人文知识真题答案

38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of

A. reference

B. meaning

C. antonymy

D. context

39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of

A. dialectal synonyms

B. stylistic synonyms

C. emotive synonyms

D. collocational synonyms

40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by

A. Holliday

B. Chomsky

C. Bloomfield

D. Saussure

38.语境把语义学和语用学区分开来。

39.kid，child，offspring是语体风格不同的同义词，语体上有口语，常用语和书面语之称。

40.索绪尔把language和parole区分开来的。乔姆斯基区分的是语言能力和语言运用。2007年英语专八人文知识真题及答案

38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.

A. Phonology

B. Morphology√

C. Semantics

D. Sociolinguistics

39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT

A. lexical

B. syntactic

C. phonological

D. psycholinguistic

40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is u sed to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of

A. widening of meaning

B. narrowing of meaning

C. meaning shift

D. loss of meaning

38.形态学研究词的内在结构以及构词规则。

39.psycholinguistic不是言语变体的区分特征。

40.单词tail开始意指马的尾巴，但是现在该词指所有动物的尾巴，这是词义的扩大。narrowing of meaning:词义的缩小。Meaning of shift 词义的迁移。

2008年英语专业八级考试人文知识测试及答案

38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness.

B. Displacement.