动词不定式学案

动词不定式

不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。

1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

e.g. ①To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.

②To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult

task.

③To do that implies taking responsibility.

当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

e.g. ①It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign

languages.

②It is necessary for young students _______________________ (学习一

门外语).

动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：

1. It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth.

用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。

课文原句再现：

To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.

No one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.

If they are close to the cinema entrance and/or exit, it is easier for disabled people to get to the film in comfort.

e.g. ① It is interesting to play this game.

② It is necessary __________________________________（对你来说换一个工作是有必要的）.

③It was impossible for them____________________(完成任务) in such a short time.

考例1：Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET)

A. now

B. man

C. that

D. it

用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。

e.g. ① It is _________(遗憾) to have to go without her.

②What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.

③It is good manners for the young _________(give) their seats to the old.

2. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.

该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。

e.g. ① How rude it was ____ the boy ___________(jump) the queue!

②It is friendly ____ the family to try to make me feel at home in their

house.

③How silly it was of you _____________(give up) such a good chance！

3. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth.

该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。

e.g. ① It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.

② It takes me three hours_____________(learn) English each day.

③It took them half the night ____________(到家) in the snow

2．不定式作表语：不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，表示对主语的一种内容解释

主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。

课文原句再现：Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.

e.g.① The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.

② My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.

③ The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to

provide them with any necessary information.

④ What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.

⑤ Your job is __________(type) the papers in the office.

⑥The next measure is ____________(stop) the river from being polluted.

2、不定式作宾语

1.不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。

课文原句再现：He hopes to become a teacher.

e.g. ① I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.

② I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.

③ She__________________(没能及时完成) the assignment in time.

④ They_________________________(决定修一条高速公路)between these

two cities.

⑤ She ___________________(主动提出帮助我) when I was in trouble.