增词法

二、语义性增词
• 2.副词/状语
• 中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会，是在我国进入全面建成小康社会 决定性阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。（P1.Para1）
(小康：中国广大群众所享有的介于温饱与富裕之间的比较殷实的生活状态)
• The Eighteenth National Congress is one of the great importance being held when China has entered the desicive stage of completing the building of a moderately properous society in all respects.
moderately：in a way which is not extreme or stays within reasonable limits
二、语义性增词
• 3.形容词
我们战胜突如其来的非典病情.（P7.Para3.Line5）
（突如பைடு நூலகம்来：事情出乎意料的发生。）
We overcame the unexpected outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).
二、语义性增词
• 4.语法需要
全球合作向多层次全方位拓展。Point 11.Para1
Global cooperation is expanding at multiple levels and on all fronts.
二、语义性增词
• 5.概括性词语
①全党一定要勇于实践，勇于变革，勇于创新，②把握时代发展要求， 顺应人民共同愿望，不懈探索和把握中国特色社会主义规律，③永葆党 的生机活力，永葆国家发展动力，在党和人民创造性实践中奋力开拓中 国特色社会主义更为广阔的发展前景。（P12.Para1.Line2） ①The whole Party must boldly engage in practice and make changes and innovations. ②We must respond to the call of the times, follow the aspirations of the people and explore and master the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics.③We must ensure that the Party is always full of vigor and that China always has the driving force for development.By doing so, （Conclusion）we will open up a bright future for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics through the creative practices of the Party and the people.
一、修辞性增词
We should/ we must/ there should be/ there must be
二、语义性增词
• 1.名词
• 港澳台工作进一步加强。（P5. Para3）
• Work related to Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan affairs has been further strengthened.
二、语义性增词
• 3.形容词 ……认真总结我国发展实践，准确把握我国 发展的阶段性特征……（P7.Para3.Line5）
…On the basis of reviewing China's development practices, we gained a good understanding of the essential features of its development,…
二、语义性增词
• 4.语法需要
人民生活水平显著提高。 Living standards have been significantly improved.
二、语义性增词
• 4.语法需要
……公民文明素质和社会文明程度明显提高。文化产品更加 丰富，公共文化服务体系基本建成。(P22.Para2.Line1) …both the level of civility of citizens and the moral and ethical standards of the whole society should be significantly raised.More cultural works should be created;a system of public cultural services should be basically in place.
Affair:Public or political events and activities
二、语义性增词
• 1.名词
• ……认真总结我国发展实践，准确把握我 国发展的阶段性特征……（P7.Para3.Line5）
• …On the basis of reviewing China's development practices, we gained a good understanding of the essential features of its development,…
一、修辞性增词
做好以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业工作和农村转移劳动力、城镇困难人员、退 役军人就业工作。加强职业技能培训，提升劳动者就业创业能力，增强就业稳定 性。健全人力资源市场，完善就业服务体系，增强失业保险对促进就业的作用。 健全劳动标准体系和劳动关系协调机制，加强劳动保障监察和争议调解仲裁，构 建和谐劳动关系。p46(二)line3 We should increase job opportunities for young people, especially university graduates,the rural migrant labor force, urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs, and ex-service persons.We enhance employment stability. We should improve the human resources market and employment services, and make unemployment insurance play a bigger role in promoting employment. We should improve the system of labor standards and the mechanism for harmonizing labor relations, strengthen supervision of labor protection and labor dispute mediation and arbitration, and build harmonious labor relations.
增词法（Amplification）
一、修辞性增词 二、语义性增词 三、结构性增词 四、背景性增词
一、修辞性增词
• ……城乡基本养老保险制度全面建立，新型社会救助体系 基本形成。全民医保基本实现，城乡基本医疗卫生制度初 步建立。（P4.Para4）
• …the basic old-age insurance system covering both the urban and rural areas has been fully established, and a new type of social assistance system is taking shape.The whole population is now basically covered by medical insurance;the basic urban and rural healthcare systems are taking shape.