现在分词和动名词的区别
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现在分词和动名词的区别
动名词和现在分词:都称作动状词(Verbal),即由动词变化而来,仍然具有动词的性质与原义,但不能作动词使用的词。
动名词与现在分词的区别主要是:-ing形式在句中作定语,它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。
区别方法是:
●动名词作定语时:说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用"use for +动名词
"这个结构代替),
●它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;
●现在分词作定语时:表示它所修饰的名词的行为,和它所修饰的名词在
逻辑上有主谓关系
(可以扩展为定语从句);
还有一种区别方法是:
如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词。
如果-ing形式相当于形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。
a sleeping car = a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢(sleeping 此处为动名词)
a sleeping child =a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子(sleeping 此处为现在分词)
2.动名词具有名词的性质:
(1)可以和名词一样有冠词或this、some等形容词;
A knocking at the door was heard
(2)可以和名词一样有所有格、复数形式;
He enjoys reading forreading’s sake, not for scholarship.
He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings.
(3)可以带有所有格已表明动作者。
Please excuse my coming late.
3. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同,
“动名词+名词”的重音在“动名词”上(a ‘sleepingsuit),
“现在分词+名词”的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘child)。
4. 动名词用法的特殊情况
① No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律
No smoking=Don't do=Don't smoke.
② There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to ~ = No one can ~ (or We cannot ~)
There is no tellingwhen lasting peace will come.
(谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来)
③ Never (or not) … without + -ing (每次…都…)= whenever
He never comes withoutbringing some present.
④ It goes without saying that (…是不用说的)= It isneedless to say that
It goes withoutsaying that no animal can live without breathing.
⑤ Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情)——
动名词之前都由the、所有格或some/a little/ much/ a lot of 之类的形容词。
Do you do muchfishing?
⑥ On (or upon) +动名词(当…,一…就…)=when (or as soonas) +S. + V.
⑦ Of one’s own +动名词(自己…的)=-ed by oneself
He showed me apicture of his own painting.
⑧ Make a point of +动名词(必定,重视)= make it apoint to ~
He makes a point ofcalling on me on New Year’s Day.
⑨ Be on (or upon) the point of +动名词(正要)= be justabout to ~
5. 如果动名词形式在句中充当状语和补语,那么它一定是现在分词。
如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语、同位语,那么它一定是动名词。