祈使、感叹、倒装句

祈使句

祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句

（1）动词原形+其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

（2）Be + n./adj.

Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心！

（3）Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分

Let me help you. 让我来帮你。Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句

(1) Don't + 动词原形

Don't stand up. 别站起来。

Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。

Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。

Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。

No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!

3. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：

1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)

2) 意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。

在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。

如：--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

4. 祈使句的反意疑问句

(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？

(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？

(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？

<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？

练习题

一. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.It’s an important meeting. _________________ (not, be ) late.

2.________________ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.

3.________________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _________ (be) polite.

4. ________________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.

5._______________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.

6.________________ (look) out! A car is coming.

7._______________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.

8.________________ (not, let) the baby cry.

9.Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.

10. Let’s _______________ (not, say) anything about it.

二、句型转换

1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）

_______ ________ again more slowly, please.

2. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）

________ ________me, or I’ll go.

3. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）

Let's watch the sports games, _______ _____?

4. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）

_______ _______careless, please.

5. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）

_______ _______ next to Nancy.

6. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）

Don't forget to turn off the lights, _______ _______?

7. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）

_______ ______, or you'll die.

8. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）

Come to my house tomorrow, _______ _______?

9. 这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）

This is a ________ ________.

10. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）

Let’s go and help the _______ _______, please.