完整版英文Summary写作方法范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。

第一步：阅读

A .认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B .给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重

要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D.简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要

重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作

A.摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原

文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B.摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。

C.应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D.摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需

翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

E.写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1）删除细节。只保留主要观点。

2）选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需

从中筛选一至二个例子。

3）把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某

事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4）避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。

但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5）压缩长的句子。如下列两例:

“ His courage in battle might without exaggerati on be called lionke. ” 可以概括为：” He was very brave in battle.

“ He was hard up for money and was being p ressed by his creditor.

可以概括为：“ He was in financial difficulties.

6）你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:

“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lusha n Mountain, and Mount

Huang, were visited by only a few people in the p ast. Today, better wages, holidays with p ay, new hotels on these mountains, and better tra in and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who n ever thought of visit ing them ten years ago.

可以概括为：” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, tha nks to better wages, p aid holidays, new hotels and better transp ortati on services.

7）使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如:

“ She brought home several Chin ese and En glish no vels, a few cop ies of

Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She inten ded to read all of them duri ng the win ter vocati on.

可以概括为：” She brought home a lot of books to read during the

vocatio n. ”

8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用

but, then, thus, yet, though, 不能使用 at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand 等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词

的效果。

9）文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把

大段的对白简化，比如:

Kate looked at P aul disa pprovin gly: You use too much salt on your food,

Paul — it ' s not good for you! ” Paul put down his knife and

frowned: ” Why on earth not! If you didn taste awful •••like eati ng cardboard or sarjidst imagi ne -bread without salt in it, or po tatoes or p asta cooked without salt!

did n ' t want to quarrel with P aul. She wan ted to p ersuade him. She said

't have salt on your food it would ” Kate was p atie