概要写作提升训练(3)(1)

概要写作提升训练

一、提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。

评分原则：

1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

第五档(21-25)理解准确，涵盖全部要点,能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑完全使用自己的语言

2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然

后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3、词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分

评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：

(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

(3)上下文的连贯性；

(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

(Para1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

(Para 2 )In the early 16th century,p eople thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

(Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

(Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. M any first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.

On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 写作步骤：

Step 1: Read 找到关键词和主题句，准确理解，分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。

注意：Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.

You may need to pay attention to some words like: think, believe, consider,insisit, regard, hold ,argue,support, approve,be convinced that, in one’s opinion,from one’s point of view Step 2: Make an outline（列提纲，挑出要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为一句写出概要的初稿）

There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt（要点1）

In the 16th century (Para 2 ) People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease (要点2)

since18th century(Para 3)…has no longer been regarded as…

cleaning away dirt is good to health （要点3）

nowadays(Para 4) …encourages children to play in the dirt to build upa strong immune system.（要点4）

Step 3: Rewrite the sentencesin other ways改写

综合运用以下技巧进行转换

①同义近义替换；

②词性转换；