泛读教程3第二版Animal Welfare课文翻译

unit3

What is Animal Welfare?

Introduction

Human understanding of animals–especially their sentience, needs and natures–is developing all the time.The physical states of poor welfare are more readily accessible and understandable(particularly for veterinarians,who undertook much of the early work on welfare).But new research leads naturally to greater understanding of mental states and needs and natures.This is particularly true of ethological research,including ‘preference testing’ where animals’ preferences are measured and assessed.This may be why earlier definitions of welfare centred on physical states,whereas the latest definitions have reflected the complex, multi-faceted nature of animal welfare.人类对动物的理解——尤其是它们的感知、需要和本性——一直在发展。身体状况不佳的福利更容易获得，也更容易理解(特别是对兽医来说，他们承担了很多早期的福利工作)。但新的研究自然会让人们对心理状态、需求和本质有更深入的了解。动物行为学研究尤其如此，包括“偏好测试”，即测量和评估动物的偏好。这也许就是为什么早期的福利定义以物质状态为中心，而最新的定义反映了动物福利的复杂性和多面性。Welfare v Rights

In brief,The difference between animal welfare and animal rights can be explained as below:

Animal welfare denotes the desire to prevent unnecessary animal suffering(that is,whilst not categorically opposed to the use of animals,wanting to ensure a good quality of life and humane death).动物福利指的是希望避免不必要的动物痛苦(即，虽然没有明确反对使用动物，但希望确保良好的生活质量和人道的死亡)。

Animal rights denotes the philosophical belief that animals should have rights,including the right to live their lives free of human intervention(and ultimate death at the hands of humans).Animal rightists are philosophically opposed to the use of animals by humans (although some accept' symbiotic' relationships,such as companion animal ownership).动物权利指的是一种哲学信仰，即动物应该拥有权利，包括不受人类干涉(以及最终死于人类之手)地生活的权利。动物右翼分子在哲学上反对人类使用动物(尽管有些人接受“共生”关系，比如伴侣动物所有权)。

Welfare v Conservation福利v保护

The key difference between conservation and animal welfare is that conservation cares about species(and extinction)whereas animal welfare cares about the individual animal (and its suffering).Animal welfarists belief that each individual animal has an intrinsic value,and should be respected and protected.They recognise that animals have biologically determined instincts,interests and natures,and can experience pain and

suffer,and believe that they should therefore be permitted to live their lives free from avoidable suffering at the hands of humans. It is not difficult to see why the conservation movement has attracted support more readily than the animal welfare movement.Animal welfare requires greater altruism and empathy than conservation. Care for conservation can be generated by human-centred objectives, such as not wanting species to become extinct because of the loss for future generations(of humans). Although many people now recognise that animals feel pain and suffer,this comes lower down on their list of priorities for action–and may indeed challenge their own lifestyle and habits.保护和动物福利的关键区别在于，保护关心的是物种(和灭绝)，而动物福利关心的是单个动物(和它的痛苦)。动物福利主义者相信每一只动物都有其内在价值，应该得到尊重和保护。他们认识到，动物具有由生物学决定的本能、兴趣和天性，能够经历痛苦和痛苦，因此，他们认为，动物应该被允许在生活中免受人类可以避免的痛苦。不难看出为什么自然保护运动比动物福利运动更容易得到支持。动物福利需要比保护动物更大的利他主义和同情心。保护可以通过以人为中心的目标来产生，例如不希望物种因为(人类)后代的损失而灭绝。尽管许多人现在认识到动物会感到痛苦和痛苦，但这在他们的优先行动清单上排名靠后，可能确实会挑战他们自己的生活方式和习惯。

Welfare Defined

Welfare is not just absence of cruelty or‘unnecessary suffering’.It is