语料标注办法

《高级英语》教学配套小型语料库标注办法(参见《英语专业写作教学语料库建设与研究》邹申著，有所改动)

1. 第一维度赋码——文章类型passage：

（放在标题前）

a. argumentative

i. inductive [psg_arg_indc]

ii. deductive [psg_arg_dedc]

b. narration/description

i. person [psg_nar_person]

ii. event [psg_nar_event]

iii. place [psg_nar_place]

c. exposition （只标注文本最显著的）

i. developed by time [psg_exp_time]

ii. developed by space [psg_exp_spac]

iii. process analysis [psg_exp_proc]

iv. exemplification [psg_exp_exmp]

v. definition [psg_exp_defn]

vi. cause and effect [psg_exp_ceff]

vii. classification [psg_exp_clsf]

viii comparison & contrast [psg_exp_comp]

d. thesis statement 主题句

i. thesis statement at the beginning [psg_statm_1]

ii. thesis statement in the middle [psg_statm_2]

iii. thesis statement at the end [psg_statm_3]

iii. thesis statement missing 不标

2. 第二维度赋码——段落层面paragraph:

a. topic sentence

i. topic sentence at the beginning [prg_tpc_1]

ii. topic sentence in the middle [prg_tpc_2]

iii. topic sentence at the end [prg_tpc_3]

iv. topic sentence missing 不标

b. location of developmental paragraphs

（是语篇的结构层次，因此只要标注一次）

i. introduction of passage [prg_mrkb_1]

ii. introduction missing 不标

iii. body of passage 不标

iv. conclusion of passage [prg_mrke_1]

v. conclusion missing 不标

c. linking device

（主要段落标注，理清topic sentence 与supporting details间的逻辑关系）

i. chronological or sequential order [prg_link_time]

时间或序列（包括first, second…）

ii. spatial order [prg_link_spac]

iii. process [prg_link_proc]

iv. exemplification [prg_link_exmp]

v. classification [prg_link_clsf]

vi. compare and contrast [prg_link_comp]

vii. progressive relation [prg_link_prog]

viii. cause and effect [prg_link_ceff]

ix. summary [prg_link_summ]

xi. appositive relation [prg_link_appo]

xii. parallel structure [prg_link_parr]

*3. 第三维度赋码——句子层面

a. simple sentence 不标

b. difficult compound sentence [sntn_cmpnd]

c. difficult complex sentence

i. subjective clause主语从句[sntn_cmplx_sub]

ii. objective clause 宾语从句[sntn_cmplx_obj]

iii. predicative clause 表语从句[sntn_cmplx_pre]

iv. adverbial clause 状语从句[sntn_cmplx_adv]

v. attributive clause 定语从句[sntn_cmplx_att]

vi. appositive clause同位语从句[sntn_cmplx_app]

d. compound-complex sentence [sntn_cmpnd_cmplx]

e. special patterns 特殊句型

i. inverted sentence 倒装句[sntn_spcl_inv]

ii. exclamation 感叹句[sntn_spcl_exc]

iii. tag question 翻译疑问句[sntn_spcl_tag]

iv. cleft sentence 强调句[sntn_spcl_clf]

v. imperative sentence 祈使句[sntn_spcl_imp]

4. 第四维度赋码——修辞手段，作者态度、语气

(标注最主要的，标注在句子后面)

a. rhetorical devices

i. 明喻simile [rhet_siml]

ii. 暗喻metaphor [rhet_meta]

iii. 转喻metonymy [rhet_metn]

iv. 提喻synecdoche [rhet_sync]

v. 类比analogy [rhet_anal]

vi. 拟人personification [rhet_pers]

vii. 矛盾paradox [rhet_para]

viii. oxymoron(phrase) [rhet_oxym]

ix. 夸张hyperbole [rhet_hype]

x. 委婉语euphemism [rhet_euph]

xi. 反话irony [rhet_iron]