语言学期末复习练习及答案

英语语言学期末预测及答案

Translate the following terms into Chinese: %×10=5%)

1) affricate 2)distinctive feature 3) parole 4) generative grammar 5) bilingualism 6) felicity condition 7) design feature

8) denotation 9) labiodental 10) linguistic relativity Translate the following terms into English:%×10=5%)

11)人际功能 12) 真值条件 13)女性语域 14)音节划分 15)结构主义

16)社会语言学 17) 论元 18)单元音 19)衔接 20)对比分析

III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A, B, C or

D on the answer sheet. (1%×20=20%)

1). language is a system of arbitrary _________ symbols used for human communication.

A. cultural

B. conventional

C. decoded

D. vocal

2). A word with several meanings is called _________.

A. an abnormal word

B. a polysemous word

C. a synonymous word

D. none of the above

3). There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a(n) __________.

A. derivational morpheme

B. free morpheme

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free form

4). The syntactic rules of any language are ________ in number.

A. large

B. small

C. finite

D. infinite

5). “I picked some tulips.” __________ “I picked some flowers.”.

A. entails

B. presupposes

C. is inconsistent with

D. is synonymous with

6). Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.

X: Who was that you were with last night

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks

A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

7) “Can I borrow your bike” _____ “You have a bike.”

A. is synonymous with

B. is inconsistent with

C. entails

D. presupposes

8) The study of language at one point of time is a _______ study.

A. synchronic

B. historic

C. diachronic

D. descriptive

9) Which of the following is a typical tone language

A. English

B. Chinese

C. French

D. All of the above

10) Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in ___________.

A. phonemic contrast

B. complementary distribution

C. minimal pair

D. none of the above

11) In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of _________.

A. palatal

B. alveolar

C. bilabial

D. dental

12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _______ in 1957.

A. L. Bloomfield

B. N. Chomsky

C. F. Saussure

D. M. A. K. Halliday

13) Which of the following is a correct description of reference

A. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaning

B. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expression

C. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression used

in an utterance to pick out that object

D. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items

14) What is function of the sentence “How do you do’

A. Directive

B. Phatic

C. Informative

D. Evocative

15) In the following sounds, ________is a central vowel.

A. /?/

B. /u/

C. /?/

D. /з/

16) Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing system

A. Chinese

B. Japanese

C. English

D. French

17) Which description of the meaning components of the word “father” is right

A. [+human, +adult,-male]

B. [+human, -adult, +male]

C. [–human, +adult, -male]

D. [+human, +adult, +male]

18) Once the notion of ________ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.

A. meaning

B. context

C. form

D. content

19) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological, morphological and syntactic systems which are _______.

A. rule-governed

B. systematic

C. arbitrary

D. both A and B

20) “Hot dog” with the first syllable stressed means _________.

A. an overheated animal

B. a kind of food

C. a barking dog

D. a dead dog

IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:(15 pts, 1 point for each)

Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: (1%×15=15%)

1)Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.

2)According to N. Chomsky, “competence” is the actual realization of his knowledge

in utterance.

3)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.

4)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a

speech community.

5)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns of a

language.

6)Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.

7)The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.

8)Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticality

belong to the same syntactic category.

9)According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol and

referent, . between a word and a thing it refers to.

10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things.

11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.

12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.

13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the

utterance.

14) Social dialects, or sociolects, are varieties of language used by people

belonging to particular social classes.

15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic competence.

V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)

1)The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a____________ phonetics, auditory

phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.

2)One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over

w_________.

3)S_________ studies the sentence structure of language.

4)C____________ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can

be divided into meaning components.

5)The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are h_____________.

6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_________ transcription.

7)Linguistics’ found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description

of meaning if the c_________ of language use was left unconsidered.

8)Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a

_______of messages.

9)Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languages is

relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse

their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the

Sapir-Whorf h___________.

10)S______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.

the following terms: %×20=10%)

Translate the following terms into Chinese: %×10=5%)

1)塞擦音 2)区别性特征 3) 言语 4)生成语法 5)双语现象

6)适切条件 7)结构特征 8)外延 9)唇齿音 10)语言相对论

Translate the following terms into English:%×10=5%)

11)interpersonal function 12) truth condition 13)women register 14)syllabification 15) structuralism 16) sociolinguistics 17) argument 18) monophthong 19)cohesion 20) contrastive analysis

III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(1%×20=20%)

1-5 DBCCA 6-10 CDABB 11-15 BBCBA 16-20 BDBDB

IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.(1%×15=15%)

1-5 FFFFF 6-10 FFFTT 11-15 FTFTF

V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first

letter of which is already given as a clue. (1％×10=10％)

1) articulatory 2) writing 3) syntax 4) contituent 5)homograph

6) broad 7)context 8)receiver 9) hypothesis 10) Speech